Deck 3: Psychology Theories and Concepts

Question 1

A discrepancy between the self-concept and the ideal self results in

A)ego defense mechanisms
B)resistance
C)incongruence
D)subception

Answer 1

incongruence

Question 2

Subception was defined by Rogers as

A)the underlying empathic linkage between client and therapist
B)the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception
C)a discrepancy between the organismic self and the ideal self
D)a discrepancy between the actualizing

Answer 2

the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception

Question 3

George has a low perception of himself. To increase his self-concept, his parents and teacher continually praise and compliment him. Rogers believed that such praise and compliments are most likely to

A)enhance george's self-esteem
B)reinforce george's negative behaviour
C)be easily accepted into george's self- concept
D)be distorted by george

Answer 3

be distorted by george

Question 4

Rogers believed that, for psychologically healthy individuals,

A)the self and experience are congruent
B)denial of organismic functioning is essential
C)the ideal self replaces the real self
D)an incongruence exists between their organismic self and their ideal self

Question 5

Which statement is consistent with Roger's theory?

A)self-regard is originally dependent on self concept
B)once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others' opinions and attitudes
C)self-regard is symptomatic of malignant egoism
D)self-regard stems from the negative appraisals received from others

Question 6

An unawareness of a discrepancy between self and experience leads to

A)psychological health
B)anxiety
C)vulnerability
D)guilt

Question 7

Which statement is most consistent with Roger's concept of humanity?

A)people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization
B)people move inevitably toward actualization
C)people move inevitably toward self-actualization
D)people are free to become what they will

Question 8

Shaping complex behaviour through Operant conditioning usually includes which procedure?

A)classical conditioning
B)punishment
C)cognitive mediation
D)successive approximation

Question 9

Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behaviour will occur is a

A)negative reinforcer
B)positive reinforcer
C)reward
D)negative punishment

Question 10

A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

A)fixed-ratio
B)variable-ratio
C)fixed-interval
D)variable-interval

Question 11

Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule of reinforcement?

A)continuous
B)variable-ratio
C)fixed-interval
D)variable-interval

Question 12

The twin cornerstone of psychoanalytic motivation are

A)sex and security
B)safety and security
C)hunger and sex
D)sex and aggression

Question 13

What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the Id?

A)rider and horse
B)groom and bride
C)chicken and egg
D)hammer and anvil

Question 14

The id serves the ________ principle

A)pleasure
B)reality
C)moralistic
D)idealistic

Question 15

Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression?

A)anxiety
B)narcissism
C)masochism
D)love

Question 16

Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals

A)oedipal strivings
B)erogenous zones
C)the aim of the sexual instinct
D)the aim of the aggressive instinct

Question 17

the guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called _________ anxiety.

A)realistic
B)neurotic
C)manifest
D)moral