Deck 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis

Question 1

What is the current status of Freud's idea that psychic energy is limited?

A) This idea has withstood the test of time and empirical scrutiny.
B) The newer idea suggests it is the mind's processing capacity rather than psychic energy that is limited.
C) No research has tested this idea, so little can be said about it.
D) This is an idea that trained psychoanalysts tend to reject but academic researchers tend to favor.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Unlike other perspectives,the psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes the importance of ________ in determining behavior.

A) conscious desires
B) environmental influences
C) self-efficacy
D) unconscious processes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the text,the four key ideas of psychoanalytic theory are ________.

A) internal structure, mental energy, psychic conflict, and psychic determinism
B) internal structure, mental energy, psychic conflict, and unconscious motives
C) internal structure, mental energy, psychic determinism, and unconscious motives
D) mental energy, psychic conflict, psychic determinism, and unconscious motives

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Jason is playing with his brother's new skateboard when he runs it into a wall and breaks it into pieces.Psychoanalysts would maintain that the destruction of the skateboard was ________.

A) just an accident
B) probably determined by some unconscious desire in Jason to ruin his brother's new toy
C) a conscious free choice made by Jason right before he ran it into the wall
D) caused by the environmental conditions

Question 5

What is the difference between the mind and the brain according to the psychoanalytic perspective?

A) The mind is the psychological product of the brain's activity.
B) The brain is the psychological product of the mind's activity.
C) The brain is the physical product of the mind's activity.
D) The mind is the physical product of the brain's activity.

Question 6

Which statement best summarizes psychoanalytic thinking about mental energy?

A) Freud believed that mental energy was limited, whereas modern psychologists believe that the mind's processing ability is limited.
B) Freud believed that the mind's processing ability was limited, whereas modern psychoanalysts believe that mental energy is limited.
C) Freud, like modern psychologists, believed that mental energy is limited.
D) Freud and his followers believed that mental energy could be precisely quantified through the process of psychoanalysis.

Question 7

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory was LEAST developed?

A) libido
B) the death instinct
C) psychosexual stages
D) regression

Question 8

What does Freud mean by fixation?

A) The individual has successfully resolved ("fixed") the conflict that is present at a particular stage.
B) Excessive attention is paid to the penis during the genital stage of development.
C) Too much libido becomes invested in a given stage of psychosexual development.
D) All of the conflicts at all stages have been resolved.

Question 9

The psychoanalytic explanation for the behavior of the prostitute-patronizing,anticrime governor described in the text would be that ________.

A) the power of the situation caused his behavior
B) he decided to get a prostitute of his own free will
C) his behavior is inconsistent and difficult to predict
D) the causes of his behavior lie in the dynamics of his personality

Question 10

Sandy accidentally broke her roommate's favorite coffee mug.The idea that Sandy's behavior was not an accident and instead had a direct cause is the idea of ________.

A) psychological determination
B) mental causality
C) psychic determinism
D) libidinal functionalism

Question 11

According to Freud,the internal structure of the mind consists of ________.

A) the oral, anal, and phallic stages
B) the id, ego, and superego
C) libido and Thanatos
D) psychic energy and psychic conflict

Question 12

According to Freud,the mental energy that makes the mind function is called ________.

A) the id
B) Thanatos
C) libido
D) sublimation

Question 13

Tracy has an important test tomorrow.She knows she should study for the test but she really wants to go to Greg's party.However,when she considers not studying and going to the party she feels guilty.Tracy therefore decides to stay home and study for the test.According to psychoanalytic theory,Tracy's ________.

A) ego won out over her superego
B) superego won out over her id
C) id won out over her superego
D) ego won out over her id

Question 14

According to the textbook,the result of the compromise between the id,the ego,and the superego is what ________.

A) the person unconsciously believes
B) the person wishes to happen
C) causes extreme depression
D) the person consciously thinks and how he or she behaves

Question 15

Why did Freud believe that psychotherapy was beneficial?

A) It helps the individual understand aspects of the collective unconscious.
B) Therapists provide objective insight without becoming emotionally involved.
C) Talking about problems helps bring those issues into conscious awareness.
D) Scientific methods proved the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Question 16

A moralistic church official ends up patronizing prostitutes.According to Freudian theory,this was caused by the ________.

A) ego winning out over the superego
B) superego winning out over the id
C) id winning out over the superego
D) ego winning out over the id

Question 17

Jenny spends most of her psychic energy trying to push her memory of a recent mugging out of conscious awareness.According to Freud,if Jenny tries to write a novel,she will find that ________.

A) the repression has created additional psychic energy that will make her more creative
B) she has little psychic energy left to spend on her writing
C) nothing has changed, and her writing will proceed as well as it normally does
D) the repression has created additional energy for her to invest in other outlets

Question 18

The criticism of Freud's ideas that is most popular today is that ________.The criticism of Freud's ideas that was most prevalent at the time that it was first introduced was that ________.

A) he placed too much emphasis on sex and sexual energy; he relied too heavily on controlled, systematic studies
B) his theory is unscientific; he placed too much emphasis on sex and sexual energy
C) he relied too heavily on controlled, systematic studies; he placed too much emphasis on sex and sexual energy
D) he maintained that behavior is largely the result of rational thought processes; his theory is unscientific

Question 19

The therapeutic technique that involves instructing the patient to say whatever comes to mind is called ________.

A) free association
B) systematic regression
C) repressed memory recovery
D) reaction formation

Question 20

According to Freud,the irrational and emotional part of the mind is the ________,and the rational part of the mind is the ________.

A) superego; ego
B) id; libido
C) libido; Thanatos
D) id; ego

Question 21

In psychoanalytic theory,the structures of personality emerge during specific stages of psychosexual development.Which structure-stage pair is correctly matched?

A) ego-latency
B) superego-phallic
C) id-anal
D) ego-genital

Question 22

According to the text,what is the psychological theme of the anal stage?

A) dependency
B) self-control
C) sexuality
D) trust

Question 23

Freud called the fundamental force that was necessary for creation,protection,and enjoyment of life ________.The idea that the basic tendency of ordered systems is toward disorder and chaos is similar to Freud's concept of ________.

A) Thanatos; libido
B) libido; Thanatos
C) the primary process; the secondary process
D) fixation; regression

Question 24

The basic developmental task of the phallic stage is ________.

A) the acquisition of gender identity
B) the development of self-control
C) forming relationships with an opposite-sex peer
D) accomplishing learning tasks such as reading and writing

Question 25

Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's major stages of psychosexual development?

A) anal, oral, genital, phallic
B) anal, oral, phallic, genital
C) oral, anal, genital, phallic
D) oral, anal, phallic, genital

Question 26

Stephen's apartment is exceptionally neat and clean,whereas Mary Anne's house is always messy.According to Freud,________.

A) Stephen is an anal character, and Mary Anne is an oral character
B) Stephen is an oral character, and Mary Anne has regressed to the latency period
C) both Stephen and Mary Anne have developed fixations in the phallic stage
D) both Stephen and Mary Anne are anal character types

Question 27

According to Freud,the superego develops during the ________ stage of psychosexual development,and the ego develops during the ________ stage.

A) penile; vaginal
B) vaginal; penile
C) phallic; anal
D) oral; genital

Question 28

According to the text,Freud was ________.

A) a profound moderate who disliked extremes of any kind.
B) a believer in indulging infants so that they developed basic trust
C) an extremist who believed that even young infants must take care of themselves
D) not particularly concerned with the first 18 months of life because infants do not have language

Question 29

What psychological theme is related to the oral stage?

A) jealousy
B) morality
C) control
D) dependency

Question 30

The id is present ________.

A) during the oral stage of development
B) after the resolution of the oral stage
C) after the resolution of the anal stage
D) after the resolution of the phallic stage

Question 31

Which type of parenting style produces children who are the most psychologically healthy?

A) ambivalent
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) permissive

Question 32

Sally tries to keep her distance from other people,especially her boyfriend.How might Freud explain this behavior?

A) Sally's parents spoiled her, and no one else can live up to her expectations.
B) Sally's parents were neglectful and rarely responded to her crying as an infant.
C) Sally had a really bad romantic relationship when she was younger.
D) Sally never resolved her Electra complex.

Question 33

According to Freud,the ego ________.

A) follows the pleasure principle
B) tries to satisfy urges while acknowledging the constraints of the real world
C) emerges during the resolution of the Oedipal/Electra complexes
D) acts like your conscience by avoiding bad behavior and striving for morally correct behavior

Question 34

According to Freud,the process of psychological development is driven by the ________.

A) investment and redirection of psychic energy
B) development of key psychosocial relationships with others
C) development of autonomy
D) conflict between the conscious and preconscious mind

Question 35

The superego maintains its power through its ability to ________.

A) produce dreams
B) produce fear
C) use psychic energy
D) pass moral judgments

Question 36

During the anal stage,parents insist that the child ________.Accordingly,an anal character is consistently dealing with issues of ________.

A) remain passive and dependent; dependency and passivity
B) relinquish his or her attachment to the opposite-sex parent; jealousy and sexual identity
C) exhibit self-control and obedience; control and relations to authority
D) be assertive and productive; creation and enhancement of life

Question 37

Two-year-old Jonathan knows he is not allowed to have a second piece of candy.When his mother is distracted,he takes another piece out of the candy jar,just to see if he can get away with it.Jonathan is in the ________ stage of development.

A) phallic
B) oral
C) anal
D) latency

Question 38

Allen has just ended his relationship with his longtime girlfriend,Katy.According to the doctrine of opposites,Allen will respond to the breakup by ________.

A) regressing to an earlier stage of development
B) switching from being an oral character to being an anal character
C) trying to find a woman who is a little bit different from Katy
D) beginning to despise Katy

Question 39

Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries.Freud would predict that,as an adult,Jessica will ________.

A) be well adjusted
B) be passive
C) rebel against authority figures
D) become sexually promiscuous

Question 40

Mark does not study for an exam and consequently flunks it.He confronts his professor and explains that he expects a higher grade because he "deserves" great grades.Freud would classify Mark as a(n)________ character.

A) anal
B) narcissistic
C) oral
D) phallic

Question 41

Joe developed a fixation in the phallic stage.When he experiences a great deal of stress at work,Joe will likely become ________.

A) disorganized
B) uninterested in sex
C) dependent and passive
D) overcontrolled and anxious

Question 42

Leaving a disproportionate amount of libido behind at a childhood stage of development is called ________.

A) regression
B) fixation
C) transference
D) the secondary process

Question 43

Which of the following does NOT develop during the phallic stage?

A) the ego
B) gender identity
C) attitudes about sexuality
D) the superego

Question 44

According to Freud,individuals focus on enhancing society during the ________ stage.

A) latancy
B) genital
C) Oedipal
D) phallic

Question 45

When she is scared,25-year-old Maria becomes very passive and dependent.Maria is experiencing ________.

A) regression
B) transference
C) sublimation
D) libidinal restructuring

Question 46

According to Freud,boys and girls figure out what it means to be male and female ________.

A) by being rewarded or punished for gender-appropriate behavior
B) through the process of identification
C) during the genital stage of development
D) during the latency stage of development

Question 47

In the last two years,Marcus has had more than three dozen sexual partners.Marcus has likely developed a fixation in the ________.

A) genital stage
B) oral stage
C) latency period
D) phallic stage

Question 48

If a new friend were to ask you what your major was,from what level of consciousness in Freud's topographic model of the mind would your answer be drawn?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) id

Question 49

Generally speaking,what is the function of a parapraxis?

A) to manifest unconscious conflict in one's behavior
B) to help one talk through psychological issues
C) to comfort, guide, and support the patient through the difficult healing process
D) a means to present explanations in their simplest form

Question 50

What term did Freud use to describe the psychological respite or time out that occurs before the genital stage?

A) exploratory stage
B) rest period
C) latency stage
D) moratorium stage

Question 51

What type of primary process thinking refers to the instance where one image represents multiple thoughts,memories,and emotions?

A) condensation
B) displacement
C) regression
D) symbolization

Question 52

What does Freud mean by identification?

A) the process by which a child takes on attitudes and values of the same-sex parent
B) the ability of a child to recognize attachment figures in his or her world
C) successful recognition and classification of different objects in the child's world
D) the child's ability to have empathy and to identify with another person's situation

Question 53

Dave asks Sarah to think about what she did at 7:00 P.M.the night before.What level of consciousness is Sarah experiencing?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) id

Question 54

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Freud's views about dreams?

A) Dreams are the result of primary process thinking.
B) Dreams are a way for unconscious thoughts to become conscious.
C) Dreams have meanings that are unique for every individual.
D) Freud eventually developed a formal dream dictionary.

Question 55

The genital character type ________.

A) tends to be sexually promiscuous
B) is dependent on other people
C) is psychologically well-adjusted
D) operates according to the pleasure principle

Question 56

According to Freud,the physical focus of the phallic stage is the ________.

A) penis for boys and the vagina for girls
B) anus for boys and the mouth for girls
C) penis for both boys and girls
D) womb for boys and the penis for girls

Question 57

According to Freud,what is one's unconscious motivation behind forgetting something?

A) to avoid feeling guilt or shame
B) to avoid thinking about something painful or anxiety producing
C) to handle overly complex, highly stimulating events
D) to combat an inflated ego

Question 58

What differentiates secondary process thinking from primary process thinking?

A) Primary process thinking is impulsive, whereas secondary process thinking is rational.
B) Primary process thinking is rational, whereas secondary process thinking is impulsive.
C) Primary process thinking develops during the anal stage, whereas secondary process thinking develops during the phallic stage.
D) Primary process thinking develops during the oral stage, whereas secondary process thinking develops during the phallic stage.

Question 59

Unconscious thought is generally due to ________,and conscious thought is generally due to ________.

A) primary process thinking; secondary process thinking
B) regression; repression
C) secondary process thinking; primary process thinking
D) superego functioning; id functioning

Question 60

What marks the end of the latency stage?

A) marriage
B) the selection of a career
C) puberty
D) the start of formal education

Question 61

Match each function with its associated defense mechanism.
a.Attribute an unwanted impulse in oneself to other people
b.Take a shameful impulse and enact the opposite
c.Prevent detection of the source of anxiety
d.Redirect forbidden impulses onto a safe target
e.Create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful
Displacement

Question 62

The main goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to ________.

A) bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
B) teach the client to repress id impulses
C) regress the client to earlier levels of functioning through hypnosis
D) have the therapist become emotionally involved with the client

Question 63

Freud's theory is often criticized for lacking all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) in-depth observation and analysis of the individual
B) operational definitions
C) disconfirmable hypotheses
D) the use of Occam's razor, (i.e., less is more)

Question 64

Which of the following is evidence for Freud's lasting influence on the practice of psychotherapy?

A) everyday explanation of behavior in terms of Freud's defense mechanisms (e.g., sentences like "you're just in denial")
B) widespread psychic diagnoses based on the characters of The Oedipus Plays
C) use of Freud's textbook in universities around the world
D) practicing the "talking cure"

Question 65

Match each psychological theme with Freud's psychosexual stages.
a.Dependency
b.Maturity
c.Gender identity and sexuality
d.The opportunity to learn what is needed in adult life
e.Obedience and self-control
Oral Stage

Question 66

Match each psychological theme with Freud's psychosexual stages.
a.Dependency
b.Maturity
c.Gender identity and sexuality
d.The opportunity to learn what is needed in adult life
e.Obedience and self-control
Anal Stage

Question 67

Match each psychological theme with Freud's psychosexual stages.
a.Dependency
b.Maturity
c.Gender identity and sexuality
d.The opportunity to learn what is needed in adult life
e.Obedience and self-control
Phallic Stage

Question 68

Match each function with its associated defense mechanism.
a.Attribute an unwanted impulse in oneself to other people
b.Take a shameful impulse and enact the opposite
c.Prevent detection of the source of anxiety
d.Redirect forbidden impulses onto a safe target
e.Create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful
Repression

Question 69

Bob's therapist started to develop feelings of anger toward Bob during their therapy sessions.What term describes this process?

A) countertransference
B) displacement
C) regression
D) transference

Question 70

During therapy,Bob feels the same hostility toward his therapist that he feels toward his father.What term describes Bob's experience?

A) countertransference
B) displacement
C) regression
D) transference

Question 71

Match each psychological theme with Freud's psychosexual stages.
a.Dependency
b.Maturity
c.Gender identity and sexuality
d.The opportunity to learn what is needed in adult life
e.Obedience and self-control
Genital Stage

Question 72

Match each function with its associated defense mechanism.
a.Attribute an unwanted impulse in oneself to other people
b.Take a shameful impulse and enact the opposite
c.Prevent detection of the source of anxiety
d.Redirect forbidden impulses onto a safe target
e.Create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful
Projection

Question 73

Psychoanalysis is often criticized for its ________,however,recent research demonstrates its perceived ________.

A) simplistic explanations; complexity
B) case study method; empirical support
C) low cure rate; long-term effectiveness
D) sexism; gender equality

Question 74

When asked what his definition of mental health was,Freud eloquently said it is the ability to ________.

A) think and learn
B) engage in therapy and change behavior
C) love and work
D) get married and have children

Question 75

Based on the text,what aspect of Freud's theory provides evidence to support the claim that Freud and psychoanalysis are sexist?

A) the idea that only males could be the norm so females couldn't be used for case studies
B) the idea that the psychological themes related to the phallic stage include love, fear, and jealousy
C) the idea that the side effects of being female include having less self-esteem, less creativity, and less moral fiber
D) the idea that defense mechanisms are only effective for men

Question 76

Which of the following is an example of the defense mechanism reaction formation?

A) a politician who solicits sex pushes to increase punishment for prostitution
B) a college student forgets that his paper is due at 8:00 A.M. before the final exam
C) a group of employees throws darts at a picture of their boss
D) a mother explains to her daughter that her dog has passed on

Question 77

Match each function with its associated defense mechanism.
a.Attribute an unwanted impulse in oneself to other people
b.Take a shameful impulse and enact the opposite
c.Prevent detection of the source of anxiety
d.Redirect forbidden impulses onto a safe target
e.Create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful
Rationalization

Question 78

Match each psychological theme with Freud's psychosexual stages.
a.Dependency
b.Maturity
c.Gender identity and sexuality
d.The opportunity to learn what is needed in adult life
e.Obedience and self-control
Latency Stage

Question 79

Match each function with its associated defense mechanism.
a.Attribute an unwanted impulse in oneself to other people
b.Take a shameful impulse and enact the opposite
c.Prevent detection of the source of anxiety
d.Redirect forbidden impulses onto a safe target
e.Create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful
Reaction formation

Question 80

Which of the following psychological stages is associated with the id?

A) phallic
B) genital
C) oral
D) anal