Deck 27: Infection Prevention and Management

Question 1

What is the second line of defense in microbial invasion?

A) Inflammation
B) Infection
C) Disease
D) Disability

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

The process of phagocytosis involves:

A) secretion of a nonspecific chemical inhibitor.
B) depletion of serotonin in the brain cells.
C) digestion of microbes by white blood cells.
D) breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

Answer 2

digestion of microbes by white blood cells.

Question 3

Which term describes foreign particles that enter a host and stimulate the body's immune response?

A) Macrophage
B) Phagocyte
C) Antibody
D) Antigen

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Which of the following are considered the building blocks of the immune system?

A) Red blood cells
B) Macrocytes
C) Macrophages
D) T lymphocytes

Question 5

A nurse instructs a new mother on immunizations. An immunization produces:

A) active immunity.
B) humoral immunity.
C) passive immunity.
D) antigen immunity.

Question 6

Which statement about neonatal development is accurate?

A) Neonates may have an infection without fever.
B) Breast-fed infants do not become ill due to immunity.
C) Neonates prefer sleeping and often refuse to eat.
D) Neonates have defense to communicable disease.

Question 7

Otitis media occurs in children because the:

A) eustachian tube is long and twisted.
B) eustachian tube has a downward turn.
C) eustachian tube is shorter and straighter.
D) eustachian tube is widened.

Question 8

The most common infection in children is:

A) respiratory.
B) gastrointestinal.
C) neurologic.
D) urinary.

Question 9

A community health nurse is providing care for several older adults. Which factor increases these clients' susceptibility to infections?

A) Unstable blood glucose levels
B) Decreased thyroid function
C) Communal living
D) Atrophy of the thymus gland

Question 10

The most lethal infection in an older adult client is:

A) skin.
B) optic.
C) otic.
D) urinary.

Question 11

Gram-negative organisms are the most common cause of:

A) wound infections.
B) respiratory infections.
C) urinary infections.
D) skin infections.

Question 12

Viruses invade living cells. Which disease is caused by a virus?

A) Myocardial infarction
B) Hepatitis B
C) Colitis
D) Cholecystitis

Question 13

An older adult who is hospitalized develops severe diarrhea from gram-negative rods that compromised the normal flora of the bowel. What is the cause of the infection?

A) Helminth
B) Protozoa
C) Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
D) Virus

Question 14

A 70-year-old client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a respiratory infection being treated with antibiotics. The client is also taking oral corticosteroids to assist in decreasing the inflammation in the lungs. The client is prone to:

A) superinfection.
B) respiratory distress.
C) nausea and vomiting.
D) purpura.

Question 15

Most healthcare-associated infections (HAI) involve which system?

A) Intravascular line
B) Gastrointestinal
C) Central nervous system
D) Peripheral lines

Question 16

A client is experiencing generalized weakness and body aches. In the progress of infection, the client is in the:

A) incubation period.
B) prodromal period.
C) acute period.
D) convalescent period.

Question 17

When an 86-year-old client reports inability to concentrate, uneasiness, light-headedness, weakness, muscle and joint discomfort, and demonstrates normal temperature, the clinic nurse recalls that:

A) without an elevated temperature, infection is not present.
B) the client's symptoms are typical of an older adult client.
C) an older adult can have an infection without a fever.
D) an infection was present and has dissipated.

Question 18

The nurse of a local university is examining a student who has swollen glands and small painful lesions of the mouth. The nurse expects to palpate swelling in the neck area because:

A) lymphedema has been caused by lymphatic obstruction.
B) lymphocytes and macrophages invade the lymph nodes.
C) there will be tumor formation in the lymph nodes.
D) the tonsils are the likely source of infection.

Question 19

The laboratory calls the nurse to report the client has a shift of the differential count to the left. The nurse knows this indicates the client most likely suffers from:

A) viral infection.
B) bacterial infection.
C) chickenpox.
D) hepatitis.

Question 20

A client is discharged from the hospital and will need to change the left leg dressing using sterile technique twice per day. To prevent the development of further infection, the client will need to:

A) wash hands for 1 minute, apply nonsterile gloves, remove the dressing, apply antibacterial waterless soap, and sterile gloves.
B) wash hands for 30 seconds, remove the old dressing, rewash hands for 30 seconds, and apply a new dressing using forceps.
C) cleanse hands with antibacterial waterless soap, apply sterile gloves and remove the old dressing, and apply the new dressing.
D) wash hands for 1 minute, apply sterile gloves to remove the dressing, apply a new dressing, following cleansing with soap and water.

Question 21

A client is being admitted to the hospital for elevated temperature for the past 24 hours. The client had the right knee replaced 4 days ago in the same facility. Which assessment is a priority for now?

A) Homan's sign
B) Lung sounds
C) Urine characteristics
D) Frequency of diarrhea episodes

Question 22

The nurse is assigned to four clients who are complaining of elevated temperature. Based on their admitting diagnoses, the clients are at risk for developing infection. Which client should the nurse see first?

A) Client, postoperative day 1 left hip replacement
B) Client who received two units of blood
C) Client with cancer undergoing chemotherapy
D) Client who underwent colostomy reversal surgery

Question 23

A client is admitted to the emergency department for multiple lacerations due to a vehicular accident. After wound care, the doctor writes an order for Tdap (Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis) vaccination. The primary reason for this vaccine is:

A) it is an antiviral vaccine used to eradicate wound infection.
B) it is a vaccine given to booster antibodies toward the tetanus pathogen.
C) it induces humoral immunity in the client's blood.
D) it counteracts the effects of the inflammatory process.

Question 24

The student nurse observes another nurse wash the hands in the client's bathroom before exiting the room. This client's stool came back positive (+) for Clostridium difficile (C. diff). Why is this behavior incorrect?

A) Clostridium difficile bacteria is eradicated by the use of hand sanitizer only.
B) The behavior is not a problem as long as the nurse uses gloves in the room.
C) The nurse must make sure that the bathroom has been cleaned recently before washing the hands.
D) The bathroom is highly contaminated with the Clostridium difficile bacteria.

Question 25

The nurse is caring for a client receiving continuous enteral feeding. Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent infection?

A) Flush the feeding tube with sterile water every 4 hours.
B) Monitor blood pressure every 4 hours.
C) Monitor temperature elevation.
D) Discard feeding formula every 8 hours.