Deck 15: Advances in Sensory Integration Research: Clinically Based Research

Question 1

Which of the following two assessment tools are the most commonly used standardized, norm-referenced caregiver report measures of sensory processing providing information about the child by proxy?

A)The Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT)and the Sensory Processing 3 Dimensions Scale
B)The SIPT and the Sensory Sensitivity Questionnaire
C)The Sensory Profile (most current versions)and the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire
D)The Sensory Profile (most current versions)and Sensory Processing Measure

Answer 1

The Sensory Profile (most current versions)and Sensory Processing Measure

Question 2

All available standardized caregiver or self-report questionnaires are limited by which of the following?

A)Subjective bias and perceptions of the respondent
B)Labor intensive and inefficiencies with administration
C)Very little research and psychometric data
D)Subjective scoring criteria of observed behavior

Answer 2

Subjective bias and perceptions of the respondent

Question 3

Which of the following is an advantage of administering a performance-based assessment such as the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT) as a measure for research purposes?

A)They have objective criteria for scoring observed behavior.
B)Most are simple, as well as quick to learn and to administer.
C)They provide an opportunity to collect important information from caregivers with few demands on the child.
D)They allow for the collection data in multiple settings and contexts, and over an extended time.

Answer 3

They have objective criteria for scoring observed behavior.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a core process element of sensory integration (SI) intervention as identified by the Ayres Sensory Integration Fidelity Measure (ASIFM)?

A)Providing the child with just right challenges and multiple sensory opportunities
B)Collaboration with the child on activity choice and using play activities
C)Providing frequent verbal feedback and clear, concise instructions on how to engage with the therapy equipment
D)Providing support for maintenance of the optimal arousal state of the child and ensuring physical safety

Question 5

Which is true regarding the use of assessment tools for measuring sensory processing and integration functions for research purposes?

A)Sensory modulation disorders (SMDs)have been most often identified using caregiver report tools.
B)SMDs have been most often identified using performance-based assessment tools.
C)Factor analyses conducted over several years have primarily used scores from the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT), and have not yet been able to confirm the existence of consistent patterns of sensory integration (SI)dysfunction.
D)There is an abundance of performance-based, psychometrically sound tools for measuring SI and processing functions from which researchers can choose as outcome measures for studying the effects of sensory-based interventions.

Question 6

Based on research to date, which of the following are NOT risk factors for developing sensory processing and integration deficits?

A)Prenatal stress and prenatal health-related problems in mothers
B)Having the recommended MMR and DPT vaccinations
C)Having Fragile X or autism
D)Being male and born preterm

Question 7

Research methodology that is rigorous for studying the effects of occupational therapy interventions using sensory integration (SI) techniques with children is characterized by _______________________________.

A)Randomization of subjects to different intervention conditions, including a control condition
B)Using a flexible, individually tailored treatment protocols
C)Using diverse, heterogeneous samples of subjects
D)Using homemade outcome measures that can be easily adapted to capture the most meaningful outcomes for a group of subjects

Question 8

A type of intervention that can easily be replicated and monitored for adherence because the treatment protocol is described in detail in a written document is called a ________________.

A)Randomized controlled research design
B)Fidelity measure for documenting procedural reliability
C)Manualized intervention
D)Power program

Question 9

How many research studies have been completed to date studying the effectiveness of sensory integration (SI) and sensory-based approaches?

A)1-5
B)6-20
C)21-30
D)More than 30

Question 10

Based on the results from the few well-designed, rigorous studies evaluating the effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI), which of the following outcomes can be expected to change as a result of the intervention?

A)Improvements in attaining individualized therapy, functional goals (measured by Goal Attainment Scaling [GAS]), and a decrease in sensory-related behaviors that interfere with daily life
B)Improvements in math and reading skills
C)Improvements in play and motor behaviors, and increased use of healthy leisure time
D)Increase in number of friends and quality of social relationships with family members

Question 11

Disorders of sensory modulation were found to be a risk factor for some health-related problems in adults such as ____________________________.

A)Frequent upper respiratory infections
B)High-risk behavior resulting in accidents and falls
C)Depression and anxiety
D)Type 2 diabetes

Question 12

What areas of research are necessary in order to demonstrate that sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a unique and distinct disorder, rather than a symptomology of another disorder?

A)Studies that identify and describe sensory integration (SI)and processing deficits in individuals with no other neurodevelopmental or mental disorders
B)Investigations examining a potential genetic basis for SPD
C)Brain imaging studies that show atypical functioning in specific brain areas and central nervous system (CNS)processes unique to children with sensory processing deficiencies
D)All of the above are necessary