Deck 4: Structure and Function of the Sensory Systems

Question 1

____________________ is a feature of the axon that helps to determine the speed with which information is transmitted.

A)Receptive field
B)Axon diameter
C)Receptor specificity
D)Lateral inhibition

Answer 1

Axon diameter

Question 2

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A)Receptors with large receptive fields provide relatively precise information to the central nervous system (CNS).
B)Slowly adapting receptors are important for coding changes in the environment.
C)Lateral inhibition can serve to sharpen input received by the receptor.
D)Specificity refers to the fact that some receptors cease to fire with ongoing input.
E)Skin areas with a high density of receptors tend to have poor tactile acuity.

Answer 2

Lateral inhibition can serve to sharpen input received by the receptor.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

A)Transmit electrical and chemical signals
B)Act as stem cells, giving rise to new cells
C)Insulate neurons
D)Remove debris after cell injury or death

Answer 3

Transmit electrical and chemical signals

Question 4

Adjusting to the texture and hardness of the seat you are sitting on, to the point of not paying conscious awareness to these sensations, is reflective of ________________.

A)Sensitization
B)Convergence
C)Divergence
D)Habituation

Question 5

The majority of receptors in the somatosensory system are ____________.

A)Nociceptors
B)Mechanoreceptors
C)Chemoreceptors
D)Thermoreceptors

Question 6

The process of corollary discharge, or the "previewing" of motor plans, primarily occurs in the _____________.

A)Cerebellum
B)Primary motor cortex
C)Muscle spindle
D)Tectum

Question 7

_____________________ are the primary sources of proprioceptive sensation.

A)Golgi tendon organs
B)Pacinian corpuscles
C)Merkel's discs
D)Muscle spindles

Question 8

Lesions to Brodmann's areas 5 and 7 may result in all of the following EXCEPT ___________.

A)Impaired stereognosis
B)Deficits in spatial perception
C)Impaired motor planning
D)Loss of tactile acuity

Question 9

All of the following are functions of the cerebellum EXCEPT _________.

A)Pain perception and localization
B)Primary processing of proprioceptive and vestibular inputs
C)Maintenance of muscle tone
D)Regulating the timing and sequence of movements

Question 10

The ____________ system is the first sensory system to function in utero.

A)Auditory
B)Visual
C)Vestibular
D)Tactile

Question 11

Our internal sense of self and the physiological condition of our body is referred to as ________________.

A)Proprioception
B)Somatosensation
C)Interoception
D)Homeostasis

Question 12

Vestibular nuclei receive input from all of the following EXCEPT ______________.

A)Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
B)Cerebellum
C)Visual system
D)Thalamus

Question 13

Integrity of the vestibular system is often tested clinically by examining ___________.

A)Stereognosis
B)Post-rotary nystagmus
C)Scarpa's ganglion
D)Pupillary dilation

Question 14

Discrimination of auditory pitch is possible because of ____________.

A)Varying degrees of thickness and sensitivity of receptors along the basilar membrane
B)Amplification of sound waves by the ossicles
C)High degree of myelination of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
D)Elasticity and muscular tone of the tympanic membrane

Question 15

Information from both ears first converges at the ___________________________.

A)Dorsal cochlear nucleus
B)Superior olive
C)Medial geniculate nucleus
D)Heschel's gyrus

Question 16

Our enjoyment of eating, as well as our motivation to eat, are because of projections from the primary gustatory cortex to the ___________________ and _____________________.

A)Cingulate gyrus and gut
B)Thalamus and solitary nucleus
C)Hypothalamus and amygdala
D)Insula and entorhinal cortex

Question 17

Sensory integration (SI) occurs only at the level of the cerebral cortex.

Question 18

Active touch allows for better tactile discrimination than passive touch.

Question 19

Deep touch pressure is a source of proprioception.

Question 20

Cortical changes in the sensory homunculus (primary sensory cortex) are possible with intense use (or disuse) of certain body parts.

Question 21

Hair cell receptors are found in the auditory, vestibular, and somatosensory systems.

Question 22

Object recognition and perception of motion are functions of the primary visual cortex.

Question 23

Loss of smell is common in brain injury because of the fragility of the olfactory nerve fibers.

Question 24

All sensory systems project first to the thalamus before going to a region of the cortex.

Question 25

Many young children who are "picky eaters" will grow out of this behavior with no intervention.

Question 26

Sensory sensitivities are often associated with feeding and eating challenges, especially in children with developmental disorders.

Question 27

The ability to modulate incoming sensory information is primarily dependent on cortical structures.

Question 28

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Utricle and saccule

A)O
B)S

Question 29

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Respond to rotation and angular movement of the head

A)O
B)S

Question 30

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Oriented in horizontal and vertical planes

A)O
B)S

Question 31

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Respond to head tilt in any direction and to linear movement

A)O
B)S

Question 32

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Receptor cells located in ampulla

A)O
B)S

Question 33

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Important for upright tonic posture and support reactions

A)O
B)S

Question 34

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Important for righting responses and phasic equilibrium

A)O
B)S

Question 35

For each of the following statements, put a "O" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the otolith organs; put an "S" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of the semi-circular canals.

-Anterior, posterior, and horizontal tubes

A)O
B)S

Question 36

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Color vision

A)R
B)C

Question 37

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Day vision

A)R
B)C

Question 38

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Night vision

A)R
B)C

Question 39

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Peripheral vision

A)R
B)C

Question 40

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Slow responding

A)R
B)C

Question 41

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Concentrated in fovea

A)R
B)C

Question 42

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-Rapidly responding

A)R
B)C

Question 43

For each of the following statements, put a "R" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of rods; put a "C" if the statement BEST describes the structure or function of cones.

-High visual acuity

A)R
B)C

Question 44

Match the each pathway to description

-Dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 45

Match the each pathway to description

-Anterolateral system (AL)

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 46

Match the each pathway to description

-Trigeminothalamic pathway

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 47

Match the each pathway to description

-Lateral and medial vestibulospinal pathways

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 48

Match the each pathway to description

-Spinocerebellar pathways

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 49

Match the each pathway to description

-Core auditory pathway

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 50

Match the each pathway to description

-Belt auditory pathway

A)Carries proprioceptive input from the upper and lower extremities to the cerebellum
B)Transmission of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and mouth
C)Transmits information relative to the timing and intensity of auditory input; contributes to the bilateral integration of sound
D)Transmits sound frequency; maintains tonotopic organization of auditory input
E)Transmission of spatial and temporal aspects of touch from the body
F)Pathways that influence muscle tone, postural adjustments, and position of head in space
G)Transmission of pain and temperature from the body

Question 51

Match brain structures to function.

-Tectum

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 52

Match brain structures to function.

-Heschl's gyrus (areas 41, 42)

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 53

Match brain structures to function.

-Limbic system (amygdala, cingulate cortex)

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 54

Match brain structures to function.

-Brodmann's areas 3b, 3a, 1, 2

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 55

Match brain structures to function.

-Posterior parietal cortex (areas 5 and 7)

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 56

Match brain structures to function.

-Brodmann's area 22 (secondary auditory cortex)

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 57

Match brain structures to function.

-Thalamus

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment

Question 58

Match brain structures to function.

-Reticular formation

A)Part of the midbrain associated with pain reception as well as visual and auditory processing
B)Integrating somatosensory input with vision + vestibular sensations
C)Cortical region responsible for primary sound interpretation, modulation of loudness, and perception of speech
D)Collection of nuclei that are responsible for relaying sensory information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the cortex
E)Region of the cortex responsible for our emotional responses to sensation
F)Brainstem nuclei mediating arousal (e.g., changes in arousal in response to pain)
G)Primary region for cortical processing of proprioceptive and tactile inputs
H)Cortical region associated with localization of sounds, as well as detecting and directing attention to auditory input in the environment