Deck 7: The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775

Question 1

Before 1763, the Navigation Laws  

A) were enforced heavily in the American colonies and were very effective.
B) hurt Great Britain more than the American colonies.
C) were a great burden to only India.
D) discouraged smuggling by American colonial merchants.
E) were only loosely enforced in the American colonies.

Answer 1

were only loosely enforced in the American colonies.

Question 2

In some ways, the Navigation Laws and mercantilist system were a burden to certain colonists because  

A) northern merchants derived greater benefit from the system than did southern planters.
B) those colonists were heavily taxed to help provide financing for the Royal Navy, which protected colonial and British trade.
C) they stifled economic initiative.
D) Britain had the only European empire based on mercantilist principles.
E) they gave greater benefits to slaveholders.

Answer 2

they stifled economic initiative.

Question 3

Change in colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the American Revolution involved  

A) removing British troops from American soil.
B) beginning a war with Spain.
C) removing the majority of the British navy from American waters.
D) compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire.
E) allying with the French.

Answer 3

compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire.

Question 4

The radical Whigs feared  

A) too much democracy.
B) a written constitution.
C) the arbitrary and enhanced power of the monarchy andits ministers at the expense of Parliament.
D) a too powerful parliament.
E) republicanism.

Question 5

Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to do all of the following regarding the American colonies except  

A) prevent the colonies from developing militias.
B) restrict the passage of lax bankruptcy laws.
C) nullify any colonial legislation deemed bad for the mercantilist system.
D) restrain the colonies from printing paper currency.
E) enumerate products that must be shipped to Britain.

Question 6

The first Navigation Laws were designed to  

A) help colonists get the best possible price for their trade goods.
B) eliminate Dutch shippers from the American carrying trade.
C) foster a colonial economy that would offer healthy competition with Britain's.
D) encourage agricultural experimentation in the colonies.
E) support the mapping of the Atlantic trade routes.

Question 7

Identify the statement that is false.  

A) Royal titles were unknown in the American colonies.
B) Property ownership and political participation were relatively accessible.
C) The Americans were dependent on the British officials in London to run their affairs.
D) Republican and Whig ideas predisposed the Americans to be more aware of threats to their rights.
E) Distance weakens authority, great distance weakens authority greatly.

Question 8

Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to do all of the following except  

A) supply Britain with products such as tobacco, sugar and ships' masts.
B) become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible.
C) furnish ships, seamen, and trade to bolster the strength of the Royal Navy.
D) provide a market for British manufactured goods.
E) refrain from exporting woolen cloth.

Question 9

When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonists were  

A) eager revolutionaries.
B) up until the end wanting more than the "rights of Englishmen."
C) little concerned about economics.
D) clearly opposed to tightening commercial bonds to the British.
E) reluctant revolutionaries.

Question 10

Republicanism held that the stability of society and the authority of the government  

A) rested with the legislature.
B) depended on a strong hierarchical culture.
C) rested with a strong monarchy.
D) rested on an interdependence of all citizens.
E) depended on the virtue of its citizenry.

Question 11

All of the following were direct benefits reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain except  

A) British allowed the Americans to freely trade with other countries and compete on the open market.
B) London paid high prices for ship parts to American producers.
C) Virginia tobacco planters enjoyed a monopoly in the British market.
D) protection of the world's mightiest navy and army without a penny of cost.
E) some British merchants were not allowed to compete with the American colonial merchants.

Question 12

Republicans looked to the models of the ____ for examples of a just society.  

A) Egyptians
B) Greeks and Romans
C) Middle Ages
D) Renaissance
E) Enlightenment

Question 13

The British Crown's royal veto of colonial legislation  

A) was used frequently to overturn laws passed in colonial assemblies.
B) prohibited colonists from conducting the slave trade.
C) was what finally provoked the War of Independence.
D) was used sparingly by the British Parliament.
E) was opposed by many members of the British Parliament.

Question 14

The British Parliament enacted currency legislation that was intended primarily to benefit  

A) Virginia tobacco planters.
B) British merchants.
C) New England merchants.
D) backwoods farmers.
E) the Crown.

Question 15

A new relationship between Britain and its American colonies was initiated in 1763 when Prime Minister  ____ assumed charge of colonial policy and implemented more politically and economically coercive policies towards the American colonies.  

A) Charles Townshend
B) George Grenville
C) Lord North
D) William Pitt
E) King George III

Question 16

The founding of the American colonies by the British was  

A) accomplished in a well-planned fashion.
B) based on the high-minded aspirations of groups such as the Puritans and the Quakers.
C) undertaken by the government in every case.
D) undertaken in a haphazard manner.
E) rarely undertaken by trading companies or religious groups.

Question 17

Mercantilists believed that  

A) a mother country needed to import more goods than it exported.
B) power came from a small colonial empire.
C) the mother country produced raw materials and colonies produced the finished product.
D) a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury.
E) colonies drained a country of its resources.

Question 18

Despite some economic benefits of the mercantile system, the American colonists generally disliked it because it  

A) forced the South into a one-crop economy.
B) favored the northern over the southern colonies.
C) required American colonists to display a measure of economic initiative and self-sufficiency asthey were unable to demonstrate trading in international economic markets.
D) stifled economic initiative and imposed a rankling dependency on British government agents and creditors.
E) forced them to sell their products to other countries at a reduced price.

Question 19

In a broad sense, America was  

A) a revolutionary force from the day of its discovery by Europeans.
B) a place that nurtured a love for Britain.
C) completely dependent on Britain for economic support.
D) a place where no new ideas took shape.
E) essentially a conservative society.

Question 20

None of the thirteen colonies except ____ were formally planted by the British government.

A) Virginia
B) Maryland
C) South Carolina
D) Georgia
E) Massachusetts

Question 21

Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act  

A) led many colonists to believe that the British were expanding colonial freedom.
B) convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty.
C) resulted in fewer laws being passed by Parliament regarding the colonies.
D) exemplified to many colonists the difference between legislation and taxation.
E) required action by each colonial legislature.

Question 22

Match each individual on the left with the correct description.
A.Samuel Adams
B.John Adams
C.Crispus Attucks
D.Baron von Stueben
1)a casualty of the Boston Massacre
2)a foreign volunteer who drilled American troops during the War of Independence
3)a pamphleteer who first organized committees of correspondence to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy
4)a Massachusetts politician who defeated the proposed home rule solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress advocated by colonial moderates

A) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-2
B) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
C) A-2, B-4, C-2, D-2
D) A-2, B-1, C-3. D-2
E) A-4, B-1, C-2. D-2

Question 23

In 1773, ____ led the way by creating the first intercolonial committee of correspondence.  

A) Virginia
B) Maryland
C) Massachusetts
D) Georgia
E) Rhode Island

Question 24

Women supported protests against the Stamp Act in all of the following ways except  

A) assembling in public to hold spinning bees.
B) making homespun cloth to replace British textiles.
C) publicly signing petitions declaring their boycott of consumer goods imported from England.
D) organizing branches of Daughters of Liberty organizations to help enforce nonimportation agreements and boycotts against British goods.
E) participating as delegates to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 in New York City.

Question 25

The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the  

A) Stamp Act.
B) Declaratory Act.
C) Townshend Acts.
D) Quartering Act.
E) Sugar Act.

Question 26

The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to  

A) raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense.
B) punish the American colonists.
C) reduce the number of printed documents in America.
D) enable tax collectors to become wealthy.
E) raise taxes to a higher level than in Britain.

Question 27

Colonists objected to the enactment of the Stamp Act in 1765 because  

A) it was a very expensive tax.
B) they believed it could not be repealed.
C) they objected strenuously to the Stamp Act's naked violation of the political principle of "no taxation without representation."
D) they opposed all taxes.
E) they desired immediate political independence from Great Britain.

Question 28

The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend Acts were repealed because  

A) Parliament believed the colonists would not object.
B) the money was needed to support troops.
C) it kept alive the principle of parliamentary taxation.
D) it was the only tax passed by the colonists.
E) colonial governors requested it.

Question 29

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)Sugar Act, (B)Declaratory Act, (C)Stamp Act, and (D)repeal of the Stamp Act.  

A) A, C, D, B
B) C, A, D, B
C) C, B, A, D
D) B, A, C, D
E) A, B, D, C

Question 30

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts  

A) British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order.
B) the port of Boston was closed.
C) Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre.
D) Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation.
E) Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign.

Question 31

Match each act below with the correct description.
A.Sugar Act
B.Stamp Act
C.Declaratory Act
1)first British law intended to raise revenues in the colonies
2)asserted Parliament's absolute power over the colonies
3)required colonists to lodge British troops in their homes
4)generated the most protest in the colonies.

A) A-3, B-2, C-l
B) A-1, B-4, C-3
C) A-1, B-4, C-2
D) A-4, B-1, C-2
E) A-2, B-1, C-4

Question 32

When colonists shouted "No taxation without representation," they were denying Parliament's power to  

A) legislate for the colonies in any matter whatsoever.
B) levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies.
C) enforce the old Navigation Laws.
D) regulate trade in the empire.
E) choose colonial legislators who would pass taxes.

Question 33

Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act in all of the following ways except  

A) convening a colonial congress to request repeal of the act.
B) boycotting British goods.
C) provoking violent clashes with British authorities during mostly peaceful colonial protests against the act in an array of American cities and towns.
D) wearing woolen clothes made with colonial textiles vs. British cloth.
E) having colonial legislatures issue a court mandate forbidding the enforcement of the act.

Question 34

Unlike the ____ Act, the ____ Act and the ____ Act were both indirect taxes on trade goods arriving in American ports.  

A) Townshend, Stamp, Sugar
B) Stamp, Sugar, Townshend
C) Stamp, Quartering, Townshend
D) Declaratory, Stamp, Sugar
E) Quartering, Stamp, Sugar

Question 35

The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams  

A) promoted his bid to become governor of Massachusetts.
B) promoted independent action in each colony to support the British.
C) kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange letters.
D) served as a precursor to the United States Postal Service.
E) led to the Boston Massacre.

Question 36

American colonists responded to the various coercive colonial laws enacted by Parliament in the late 1760s and enforced by British colonial authorities in all of the following ways except they  

A) convened the Stamp Act Congress to address their political and economic grievances to the king and Parliament including calling for the repeal of the Stamp Act.
B) visibly protested paying any duties required by these coercive colonial laws, including the famous Boston Tea Party, in an effort to force their repeal and regain a measure of economic independence from Britain.
C) rejected the assertion need to fund a British army in the colonies.
D) engaged in a violent campaign of attacks against British soldiers and customs agents in major Atlantic seaboard cities.
E) protested and publicly assailed the use of admiralty courts to try colonial violators of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act.

Question 37

The Quartering Act required that colonists  

A) pay one quarter of their income to the British crown.
B) provide housing and food for British troops.
C) ship all of their export goods through England.
D) try those accused of theft in admiralty courts.
E) None of these

Question 38

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A)Boston Massacre, (B)Townshend Acts, (C)Tea Act, and (D)Intolerable Acts.  

A) A, B, C, D
B) D, B, C, A
C) C, B, D, A
D) B, A, C, D
E) A, C, D, B

Question 39

Most American colonists held which of the following comparative views of the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts?  

A) Resistance to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts was futile because smuggling and effective boycotts were nearly impossible.
B) The Stamp Act was more harmful and obnoxious than the Townshend Acts because the former was a hidden, indirect import duty on goods that was not readily apparent to the colonial consumer at the time of sale of the taxed good or service.
C) The Stamp Act was less harmful and obnoxious than the Townshend Acts because the direct taxes on goods authorized by the Stamp Act could be reduced or repealed by colonial assemblies and governors.
D) The Townshend Act was less harmful and obnoxious to American colonists because the goods were rarely used by colonists; while, the items taxed by the Stamp Act were commonly used by many colonists throughout America.
E) The indirect versus direct and internal versus external tax distinctions made by British political authorities concerning the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts were meaningless because the American colonists had no meaningful political representation.

Question 40

Virtual representation meant that  

A) almost all British subjects were fully represented in Parliament and elected by British colonial subjects throughout the British Empire.
B) every member of Parliament represented all British subjects everywhereincluding in the American colonies.
C) colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament.
D) Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation affecting British colonies, without assent from colonial legislatures, except taxation legislation.
E) each member of Parliament represented only people in his parliamentary district.

Question 41

Many Whigs in Britain hoped for an American victory in the War for Independence because they  

A) favored French domination of North America.
B) were strongly pacifist.
C) feared that if George III triumphed, his rule at home might become tyrannical.
D) rejected colonialism.
E) opposed the mercantilist system.

Question 42

As the War for Independence began, the colonies had the advantage of  

A) highly reliable and well-supplied troops.
B) potential aid from the Armed Neutrality League.
C) a well-organized, strongly committed, and united population.
D) many outstanding civilian and military leaders.
E) able naval leaders.

Question 43

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)clash at Lexington and Concord, (B)meeting of the First Continental Congress, (C)Quebec Act, and (D)Boston Tea Party.  

A) C, D, A, B
B) B, A, C, D
C) D, C, B, A
D) A, B, D, C
E) A, D, C, B

Question 44

The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except it  

A) aroused anti-Catholic sentiment among Protestant American colonists who feared the act's extension of Catholic influence in North America.
B) potentially undermined the asserted democratic rights and institutions of American colonists, including the right to jury trials and the election of representative assemblies, throughout North America, not merely in Quebec.
C) denied French colonists in Quebec and the Ohio River Valley the right to retain many of their old customs and institutions.
D) alarmed land speculators, who saw a huge area in the Ohio River Valley snatched from their grasp.
E) was regarded as an unjustified political reaction by the British authorities to the unrest in Boston.

Question 45

The Quebec Act  

A) outlawed Catholicism in British Quebec.
B) provoked outrage among American colonists because it sustained unrepresentative colonial assemblies and denial of jury trials in Quebec, setting a dangerous undemocratic precedent in America.
C) restricted Quebec's boundaries to the area north of the Great Lakes.
D) was generally ignored by the thirteen seaboard colonies because it had little effect on their relations with Britain.
E) granted Quebec a representative assembly and trial by jury.

Question 46

When the government of Lord North persuaded Parliament to repeal the Townshend revenue duties in 1770  

A) the American colonists rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted the American definition of representation.
B) the American colonists remained unassuaged because Parliament retained the three-pence tax on tea, upholding Parliament's asserted right to tax the colonists.
C) the American colonists shortly thereafter called the First Continental Congress into session in January 1771.
D) the American colonists avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea directly from the British East India Company.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 47

The First Continental Congress was called in order to  

A) consider ways of redressing colonial grievances against Britain.
B) become a legislative body.
C) write the Declaration of Independence.
D) decide which of Parliament's taxes the colonies would and would not pay.
E) help implement provisions of the Quebec Act.

Question 48

At the outset of the American War of Independence  

A) a majority of Americans supported the cause selflessly.
B) most of the American business community sacrificed profit for victory.
C) France provided generous military and economic assistance.
D) only a select minority of Americans supported independence with selfless devotion and at enormous personal risk to themselves and their families.
E) Spain was in total opposition.

Question 49

The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was  

A) an isolated incident of protest against British rule in the American colonies.
B) directed only at the British East India Company.
C) the provocation againstthe British authorities to enact and implement more coercive and authoritarian laws governing the colonies.
D) enthusiastically supported by friends of colonists in America who had economic interests in the colonies.
E) the result of the Intolerable Acts.

Question 50

To a degree, the Navigation Laws were beneficial to colonists because  

A) colonists were paid subsidies for producing ships' parts and stores.
B) tobacco growers were guaranteed a monopoly of the British market for their crop.
C) colonial trading ships were protected by the Royal Navy.
D) colonists did not have to deal with British intermediaries when marketing their goods.
E) they helped create a surplus of money.

Question 51

As the War for Independence began, Britain had the advantage of  

A) overwhelming national wealth and naval power.
B) an alliance with Spain and Holland.
C) a well-organized and united home government and population.
D) first-rate generals and a well-supplied professional army.
E) knowing the terrain and geography of the colonies.

Question 52

The most politically consequential of the responses by the American colonists to the Intolerable Acts was  

A) a rejection of the Quebec Act by the colonial legislatures.
B) the summoning of the First Continental Congress in 1774.
C) the Boston Massacre.
D) the closing of Boston Harbor by the Massachusetts colonial assembly.
E) call for a complete break with Great Britain and a declaration of independence.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is false?  

A) By 1773, it was clear that a colonial rebellion was inevitable.
B) British officials granted the British East India Company a monopoly in the colonies to prevent its bankruptcy.
C) Anger at the tea tax led to mass efforts to turn cargo ships around in New York, Philadelphia, and Annapolis.
D) Bostonians dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor in protest of the tea tax.
E) Some Bostonians supported the Boston Tea Party; others disagreed with the destruction of property.

Question 54

The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except  

A) poor organization.
B) sectional jealousy, which constantly interfered with the appointment of military leaders.
C) great difficulties in raising money to support the army.
D) the use of numerous mediocre European officers.
E) a weak central authority running the war effort.

Question 55

As a result of Parliament's rejection of the petitions of the Continental Congress  

A) Americans reluctantly obeyed the British laws.
B) the drift towards war became inevitable and fighting between the American colonists and Great Britain commenced in April 1775 at Lexington and Concord, Mass.
C) Sam Adams and John Hancock were arrested.
D) America sent new petitions to Parliament.
E) Ben Franklin returned to the colonies since his efforts failed.

Question 56

African Americans during the Revolutionary War  

A) fought for both the Americans and the British.
B) fought only for the British.
C) fought only for the Americans.
D) supported neither side, as both enslaved them.
E) seized the opportunity to gain their freedom by running away to Barbados.

Question 57

The First Continental Congress  

A) was attended by delegates from each of the thirteen colonies.
B) adopted a moderate proposal for establishing a kind of home rule for the colonies under British direction.
C) made a ringing declaration of America's independence from Britain.
D) called for a complete boycott of British goods.
E) failed to endorse a Declaration of Rights for colonists living in America.

Question 58

All of the following were weaknesses of the British military during the War for Independence except  

A) second-rate officers.
B) soldiers who were incapable of fighting effectively.
C) the need to keep many soldiers in Europe in case of trouble.
D) long supply lines.
E) brutal treatment of their soldiers.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a true statement about American women's roles during the Revolution?  

A) American women ran businesses while the men fought the British.
B) Many American women were camp followers, who cooked, cleaned and sewed for the troops.
C) They received money and rations for services provided to troops.
D) Some women dressed as men and served in battle.
E) Many women urged husbands and sons to stay home and safeguard their families and property instead of volunteering for to serve in a colonial militia or the Continental army.

Question 60

By the end of the War for Independence  

A) the majority of Americans supported independence with selfless devotion.
B) America had an army larger than Britain's.
C) the American military no longer needed foreign assistance.
D) a few thousand American regular troops were finally whipped into shape.
E) America had built a strong navy.

Question 61

It might be said that it was the British who were revolutionaries in 1763 and the colonists who were conservatives attempting to preserve the status quo.Explain.

Question 62

Evaluate the role and influence of American women in organizing colonial protests and actions against politically and economically coercive British laws and taxes in the American colonies.Why did scholars of the Revolutionary era assert that American women played a key role in facilitating the success of the overall Revolutionary War effort? 

Question 63

Colonists disliked the new British policy of trying accused tax-policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders  

A) would be assumed guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent.
B) would be taken to England for trial.
C) could not present witnesses in their own defense.
D) would not receive a jury trial.
E) could not have an attorney.

Question 64

List the following in order of their importance to colonial protest: pamphlets, boycotts, mob action, and committees of correspondence.Justify your ranking.

Question 65

Explain the following quote, "In the American wilderness, they encountered a world that was theirs to make afresh."

Question 66

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the British and the colonists, respectively, as the American Revolutionary War began? What would Britain have to do to win? What would the American colonists have to do to win?

Question 67

Create a scenario for the period 1763-1776 to demonstrate that the American Revolutionary War and colonial independence from Great Britain were not inevitable.

Question 68

Explain the following quote, "Insurrection of thought usually precedes insurrection of deed." What does this mean? In what ways is this generalization an accurate description of the coming of the American Revolutionary War?

Question 69

George Grenville responded to American protests against his policies by asserting that  

A) colonists were represented in Parliament even if they did not think so.
B) the power of Parliament was absolutely supreme in the empire.
C) the concept of virtual representation was invalid.
D) British subjects could be taxed without their being represented in Parliament.
E) he would remove British troops in America if their protests stopped.

Question 70

Which of the following do you think was most responsible for the conflict between Britain and its American colonies: the ineptness of parliamentary leadership, the colonists' behavior, the high-handedness of King George III, the British mercantilist system and Navigation Laws, or the actions of British officials in the colonies? Justify your choice.

Question 71

The Navigation Laws required that  

A) all commerce to and from the colonies be carried only on British vessels.
B) European goods going to the colonies had first to put in at a British port and pay duties.
C) certain goods produced in the colonies, like tobacco, be shipped only to Britain.
D) the colonies develop as quickly as possible the manufacturing of cloth and iron products for themselves.
E) the colonies print their own currency.

Question 72

Explain the relationship between mercantilism, the Navigation Laws, and British efforts to create an administrative structure for their empire after 1696.

Question 73

Given that the Quebec Act did not apply to the thirteen seaboard colonies, why did the act create such a stir of protest among them?

Question 74

The Townshend Acts  

A) were more vigorously protested by colonists than was the Stamp Act.
B) were designed to raise revenue to help pay the salaries of royal governors.
C) failed to produce the volume of revenue expected.
D) were repealed by Parliament.
E) were reluctantly accepted by the colonists.

Question 75

In what ways were the mercantilist policies of the British burdensome to the colonists? In what ways were they beneficial? From this comparison, draw a conclusion about the effects of mercantilism and the Navigation Laws on British-colonial relations up to 1763.

Question 76

What does the phrase point of no return mean in the context of American colonial-British relations? Identify the point of no return in American colonial-British relations between 1760 and 1776 that marked an inevitable march to war and explain why you picked that event/date.

Question 77

In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament  

A) closed Boston harbor.
B) restricted town meetings in New England.
C) required that the perpetrators of the Boston Tea Party be taken to England for trial.
D) repealed the Tea Act.
E) passed the Townshend Acts.

Question 78

Both the British and the colonists were devoted to the principle of "No taxation without representation." To what extent did both taxation and representation become major sources of controversy between the colonists and Parliament?