Deck 10: Infancy and Childhood

Question 1

Based on age, what should the nurse teach the mother of a 3 month old regarding the cognitive development of her child?

A) Develops a preferred sleeping position and cry to signal needs
B) Laughs, squeals, and looks at objects for several seconds, and reaches for and grasps objects
C) Smiles, babbles, follows lights and reacts to sounds
D) Develops social smile, responds to pleasurable interactions, such as looking at the mother's face

Answer 1

Laughs, squeals, and looks at objects for several seconds, and reaches for and grasps objects

Question 2

The nurse observes that an infant continuously smiles, babbles, follows light and reacts to the noises in the environment. Based on this information, the nurse concludes that the child is approximately how old?

A) 6 weeks
B) 8 weeks
C) 2 to 3 months
D) 3 months

Answer 2

6 weeks

Question 3

A 4-year-old has broken his leg and is fitted with a full leg cast that impairs his mobility greatly. At a follow-up visit, the mother expresses concern that he has "started wetting the bed again." What response should the nurse provide the mother to address her concerns?

A) "Don't worry about it; it won't last; it's just a way to get your attention."
B) "Sometimes children get a little angry when they are unable to move about freely; he's just acting out his frustration."
C) "A child's behavior may regress to an earlier stage of development during an acute illness."
D) "The medications your child is receiving can cause incontinence and once the medication is discontinued it will no longer be an issue."

Answer 3

"A child's behavior may regress to an earlier stage of development during an acute illness."

Question 4

When discussing the growth and development of an infant with a client, the nurse refers to various theories and phases of development. The nurse is reviewing the major points of Erikson's theory of development with a client. What explanation of this theory should the nurse provide?

A) Cognitive development is cumulative; that is, what is learned is based on what has been known before.
B) A child develops an understanding of object permanence, which is the knowledge that an object seen in a particular spot continues to exist and will return to view when it is uncovered.
C) Children will investigate and explore the environment and look at things from their own point of view.
D) Each stage of development contains a psychosocial challenge or critical period during which the person must deal with a major life change.

Question 5

The family consists of an infant, school-aged child, teenager, mother, and father and an uncle. Which individual in this family exerts the most lasting influence on the ongoing development of the infant? Select all that apply.

A) Father
B) Mother
C) Teen-aged sibling
D) Adolescent sibling
E) Uncle

Question 6

A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the nurse about the formal operations level of cognitive development?

A) Up to age 2, children learn by touching, tasting and feeling. They learn to control body movement.
B) From ages 2 to 7 years, children investigate and explore the environment and look at things from their own point of view.
C) From ages 7 to 11 years, children internalize actions and can perform them in the mind.
D) After age 12, children can think in the abstract including complex problem-solving.

Question 7

Which statement made by a child indicates they are functioning at the concrete
Operations level of Piaget's theory?

A) "It rained the last time we went to the zoo so it will rain this time too."
B) "Two minutes is a long, long time to wait."
C) "There is a difference in the words here and hear."
D) "I'll be careful with her book because she'd be sad if it got torn."

Question 8

A mother tells the nurse that her child has been able to recognize a quart of milk whether it is in the milk container or poured into a plastic jug as the same amount. Based on this information that the nurse collected about the child's current cognitive development, this skill most likely is an example of what concrete operation characteristic of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

A) Reversibility
B) Seriation
C) Conservation of matter
D) Complex problem-solving

Question 9

What is considered to be a normal attention span for a toddler?

A) 5 to 10 minutes
B) 10 to 15 minutes
C) 15 to 20 minutes
D) 20 to 25 minutes

Question 10

When asked about playing, the parents of a 3-year-old share that he plays with his toys in the same area as other children but never interacts with them. Nurse documents that the child engages in what form of play?

A) Solitary play
B) Parallel play
C) Cooperative play
D) Interactive play

Question 11

When considering human growth and development, what example describes proximodistal direction movements?

A) Lifting head before sitting
B) Sitting before walking
C) Rolling over before grasping objects
D) Making sounds before being able to walk

Question 12

The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the electronic medical records that are present. What behavior observed during the physical assessment of a child confirms the presents of cephalocaudal direction movements?

A) While on their belly, child lifts head off the bed
B) Moves from a sitting to standing position with ease
C) Laughs when playing "Peek-a-boo" with mother
D) Parallel plays with other children in the waiting area

Question 13

A mother asks the nurse what is the first solid food that she should give her infant. What food should the nurse suggest the mother introduce first?

A) A smashed, hard-boiled egg
B) Small amount of apple sauce
C) Small amounts of iron-fortified cereal
D) Finely minced well-cooked chicken

Question 14

A nurse discussing feeding practices with the mother of an infant learns that she regularly feeds the child by propping the bottle on a blanket in the crib. Based on this information, which assessment should the nurse perform on the child?

A) The mucous membrane of the mouth for the while patches associated with thrush
B) The surface of the tongue signs of infection including redness
C) Erosion of tooth enamel on the child's primary or baby teeth
D) The lips for signs of cracking

Question 15

A mother expresses concern that her toddler still sucks her thumb and asks about the adverse effect of thumb sucking. What response should the nurse make to this mother's concern?

A) "Thumb sucking in a child her age may cause ulcers in the mouth."
B) "Thumb sucking may lead to the development of oral thrush."
C) "It can cause problems she sucks intensely for long periods of time
D) "It isn't a problem until her baby teeth are being replaced by her permanent teeth."

Question 16

What are the normal cognitive and motor development expectations that should be observed by a nurse in a 4-year-old child?

A) Can state their full name and age
B) Has developed the ability to say "no"
C) Engages in parallel play
D) Can eat without assistance

Question 17

A mother has just delivered her first baby and asks the nurse about routines at home. Based on this question, what information should the nurse provide the new mother about establishing routines with an infant?

A) Routines are vital to a baby's ability to thrive.
B) Routines establish trust along with learning to expect.
C) Routines promote bonding between mother and infant.
D) Routines help the child adjust to toilet training.

Question 18

When discussing the concrete operations stage of development, which example of childhood behavior should the nurse present?

A) The ability to understand the concepts of weight and volume.
B) The ability to understand jokes; especially puns.
C) The ability to investigate and explore the environment that surrounds them.
D) The ability to avoid danger by using their sense of touch.

Question 19

Which characteristic behavior is demonstrated by a 4-year-old child in the preoperational stage as described by Piaget?

A) Comparing how fast a ball and a block fall from the same height
B) Not wanting to share their blocks but feeling sad that the other child is crying
C) Understanding how differently shaped figures fit together into a jigsaw puzzle
D) Showing parents that they can ride a bicycle without training wheels

Question 20

While collecting data from the parents of a 2-year-old child, the child starts to cry, scream, and lashes out every time the nurse tries to pick up the child from the mother's arms. During a physical assessment a 2-year-old screams and lashes out each time the nurse attempts to move the child from the mother's arms to the examine table. Based on this observation, what conclusion should the nurse make about this child's emotional development?

A) The nurse recognizes that the child is displaying normal toddler development.
B) The nurse needs to focus the assessment on possible signs of abuse.
C) The nurse recognizes that the child is demonstrating manipulative behaviors.
D) The nurse recognizes that the child is exhibiting development regression.