Deck 24: The Immune System

Question 1

What cells have the ability to recognize foreign substances in the body?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Thrombocytes

Answer 1

Lymphocytes

Question 2

Which white blood cells (WBCs) are agranular? Select all that apply.

A) Neutrophils
B) Basophils
C) Eosinophils
D) Monocytes
E) Lymphocytes

Answer 2

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 3

What are functions of B lymphocytes? Select all that apply.

A) Help protect against viral infections
B) Can detect and destroy some cancer cells
C) Develop into cells that produce antibodies
D) Provide humoral immunity
E) Provides cell-mediated immunity

Answer 3

Develop into cells that produce antibodies
Provide humoral immunity

Question 4

What effect would a dysfunctional thymus gland have on a client's ability to fight off
_infections?

A) T cells would decline
B) Bone marrow would be destroyed
C) Humoral immunity would be impaired
D) Antibody production would decline

Question 5

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone organ transplant surgery. The client asks the nurse about antibodies. What is an antibody?

A) Body's ability to recognize and destroy specific pathogens
B) Body's ability to prevent infectious diseases
C) Any foreign substance or molecule entering the body that stimulates an immune response
D) A protein substance that the body produces in response to an antigen

Question 6

What is the function of the IgM gamma globulin?

A) Stimulates complement activity
B) Functions as an antigen receptor
C) Protects the fetus before birth against antitoxins, viruses, and bacteria
D) Helpful in defense against invasion of microbes via nose, eyes, lungs, and intestines

Question 7

What client has the most to benefit from the function of IgG?

A) Newborn
B) Female adult
C) Fetus
D) Male adult

Question 8

What immunoglobulin group is responsible for a latex allergy?

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) IgE

Question 9

The nurse assists and educates clients on the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity. What are functions of humoral immunity? Select all that apply.

A) Destruction of antigens by antibodies
B) Destruction of antigens by T cells
C) Protection against disease-causing organisms over one's lifetime
D) Protection of the body against circulating disease producing antigens
E) Protection of the body against circulating disease produced by bacteria

Question 10

The nurse assists and educates clients on the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity. Which statement describes a function of cell-mediated immunity?

A) Destruction of antigens by antibodies
B) Destruction of antigens by T cells
C) Provides lifetime defense against disease-causing organisms
D) Protects the body against circulating disease-producing antigens and bacteria

Question 11

Which nonspecific defense mechanism provides a physical barrier and secretes enzymes that kill or reduce the virulence of bacteria?

A) Skin
B) Mechanical reactions
C) Chemical barriers
D) Tears

Question 12

Which statement concerning artificially acquired passive immunity is correct?

A) It occurs between a mother and her infant
B) It results from an injection of a causative agent into the person's system
C) It occurs when a child is exposed to, or develops, a disease
D) It results from the injection of ready-made antibodies into the person's system

Question 13

Which client is an example of how naturally acquired active immunity occurs?

A) Breastfeeding infant
B) Client getting a gamma globin shot
C) Child whose classmate has measles
D) Child getting the scheduled MMR shot

Question 14

Which is the correct order for the steps that occur during the process of complement fixation for antigen destruction?
1) Complements help in the formation of highly specialized antigen-antibody complexes.
2) Complements become active.
3) Specific cells are targeted.
4) Complexes cause holes to develop in the cell membrane.
5) Sodium and water flow into the cell, causing it to burst open

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5
C) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2
D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1

Question 15

What occurs as a result of antibody-mediated immunity?

A) An antigen is rendered harmless to the body
B) Destruction of antigens by T cells occur
C) Lifetime production against disease-causing organisms
D) Antigens bind to the antibody, forming an antigen-antibody complex

Question 16

Which mechanisms allow antibodies to destroy antigens? Select all that apply.

A) Neutralizing toxins
B) Facilitate phagocytosis
C) Imprison invader cells
D) Complementing fixation
E) T cell activation

Question 17

What are effects of aging on the immune system?

A) More B cells and fewer T cells
B) Presence of a slower, muted inflammatory process
C) Baseline temperature elevates to above 98.6°F
D) Decreased risk of septic shock when bacteremia is present

Question 18

As a client ages, what nursing assessment frequently serves to identify the early signs of infection?

A) Heart rhythm
B) Respiratory rate
C) Temperature
D) Mental status

Question 19

Which explanation should the nurse provide regarding the potential consequences of a compromised immune system?

A) Depletes the thymic humoral factor
B) Results in cell-mediated immunity
C) Results in allergies and autoimmune disorders
D) Results in immunodeficiency diseases

Question 20

Which explanation should the nurse give on how naturally acquired passive immunity occurs?

A) Immunity occurs when ready-made antibodies are injected into a person's system.
B) Immunity occurs when the causative agent is injected into a person's system.
C) Immunity occurs when a person is deliberately exposed to a causative agent.
D) Immunity is transferred from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy.

Question 21

A nurse is caring for a client with latex allergy. For which sign of this condition should the nurse monitor?

A) Urticaria
B) Petechiae
C) Pertussis
D) Vomiting

Question 22

A nurse is caring for a client who has just had organ transplant surgery. The nurse sees a rejection response. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform?

A) Administer prescribed specific anti-rejection medication.
B) Ensure that the client does not entertain visitors.
C) Ensure that the client consumes only a liquid diet after surgery.
D) Administer prescribed cytokines through injection.

Question 23

Which occurs as a normal result of aging?

A) Hypothermia as a response to illness
B) Intermittent fevers
C) A lower baseline body temperature
D) Presence of febrile response