Deck 74: Skin Disorders

Question 1

When counseling a couple on genetic disorders, what would the nurse use as examples of genetic diseases? Select all that apply.

A) Neurofibromatosis
B) Fetal alcohol syndrome
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Neonatal abstinence syndrome
E) Down syndrome
F) Sickle cell disease

Answer 1

Neurofibromatosis
Tay-Sachs disease
Down syndrome
Sickle cell disease

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a newborn of Jewish descent who has an inborn error of metabolism in which the child becomes hypotonic and loses vision. What genetic disorder is this newborn manifesting?

A) Fragile X syndrome
B) Hemophilia
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 2

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 3

A newborn is diagnosed with neurofibromatosis. Which is a physical symptom of this disease?

A) Café au lait spots
B) Mongolian spots
C) Vision loss
D) Large head and chin

Answer 3

Café au lait spots

Question 4

The newborn is diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Which characteristic feature is seen in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A) Growth retardation
B) Macrocephaly
C) Hypoactive behavior
D) Vascular defects

Question 5

A nurse is caring for a newborn diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome. How can the nurse provide supportive care to the infant?

A) Carry the newborn often.
B) Avoid use of pacifiers.
C) Avoid rocking the newborn.
D) Decrease environmental stimulation.

Question 6

A woman who is 3 months pregnant changes her cat's litter box and develops toxoplasmosis. What can fetal exposure to toxoplasmosis cause?

A) Paralysis
B) Mental retardation
C) Seizures
D) Birth defects

Question 7

What is the significance of standard IQ tests?

A) IQ tests are used to determine success in life.
B) IQ tests indicate different types of intelligence.
C) IQ tests are good predictors of work productivity.
D) IQ tests are good predictors of academic achievement.

Question 8

Which are characteristic of moderate cognitive impairment? Select all that apply.

A) Is unable to function independently
B) Functions independently with assistance of special education
C) May develop reading skills at fifth- or sixth-grade level
D) Language development is minimal
E) Achieves a mental age of 3 to 7 years
F) Requires complete assistance with all aspects of daily life

Question 9

A 35-year-old client had a normal, spontaneous vaginal delivery. The mother's social history includes use of oral contraceptives and smoking. The physical appearance and chromosomal studies for the baby confirm Down syndrome. Which features would be seen in the baby with a confirmed diagnosis of Down syndrome?

A) Large, round head
B) Big, pointed nose
C) Small, high-set ears
D) Small, low-set ears

Question 10

The nurse working with children with genetic disorders compares the characteristics of. Which characteristic is common for both Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome?

A) Round, small, short head
B) Small, low-set ears
C) Simian creases on the hands
D) Upward, outward slant of eyes

Question 11

The school nurse is counseling children with specific learning disabilities. Which is a nursing consideration when caring for these children?

A) Set higher goals than they are considered to achieve.
B) Create a stimulating environment for the child.
C) Use positive reinforcement and patience when teaching the child.
D) Do not adjust healthcare teaching for the child.

Question 12

A 12-year-old child is diagnosed with a specific learning disability. The nurse is instructed to provide a teaching plan to the child's family caregivers. What are the important considerations that the nurse should keep in mind during the teaching process?

A) Use sign language for learning and communication.
B) Use visual reminders for a child with a speech deficit.
C) Give one or two instructions at any particular time.
D) Use a tape recorder for a child with a listening deficit.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a young client diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which is a characteristic of this disorder?

A) Difficulty completing tasks
B) Hypoactive behavior
C) Difficulty with oral communication
D) Poor attention span

Question 14

What is a side effect of the drug methylphenidate HCl?

A) Increased growth rate
B) Decreased heart rate
C) Sleep disturbances
D) Dry, itchy skin

Question 15

What information should be shared with the parents of a child diagnosed with Tourette syndrome (TS)?

A) Psychiatric counseling helps in reducing tic episodes.
B) Tic symptoms increase as children near adulthood.
C) Tic locations remain constant throughout the course of the syndrome.
D) Tic symptoms have no definite course of treatment.

Question 16

Which measures should the nurse implement when working toward rehabilitation with an autistic child?

A) Promote understanding of instructions using baby talk.
B) Involve the family caregivers in treatment planning.
C) Provide assistance with all routine activities.
D) Avoid involving the client in group activities.

Question 17

A young couple brings their 3-year-old daughter to a healthcare facility with reports that the child is hyperactive, complains of abdominal pain, and has intermittent vomiting. The couple also states that they were fixing up an older home and scraping paint off the banisters when they caught their daughter eating the paint chips. Which disease would the nurse expect based on this information?

A) Autism
B) Plumbism
C) Attention Deficient Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
D) Cerebral palsy

Question 18

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP). The child exhibits increased muscle tone or spasticity, affecting one side of his body. The child also has speech deficits. Which type of cerebral palsy would the nurse suspect?

A) Spastic
B) Dyskinetic
C) Ataxic
D) Mixed

Question 19

A nurse is examining a 2-year-old child diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy. The child is unable to perform fine leg movements and has a wide-based gait. What other distinguishing features should the nurse look for in this client?

A) Problems with depth perception
B) Writhing involuntary movements
C) Evidence of full or partial paralysis
D) Increased muscle tone or spasticity

Question 20

A child demonstrates a positive Gowers sign. What characteristics is being observed?

A) The child walks on his toes.
B) The child falls to one side while hopping.
C) The child uses upper extremity muscles to compensate for weak hip muscles.
D) The child has a scissor-like gait and crosses one foot in front of the other to walk.

Question 21

The nurse is caring for children with sensory disorders. Which would be a teaching point for the parents of these children?

A) Promote dependent functioning in the environment.
B) Teach the child that there are limitations in the environment.
C) Promote communication for the child with a hearing impairment.
D) Discourage dependency on computers for children with speech disorders.

Question 22

When performing a physical assessment of a 12-year-old girl, the nurse documents "dysfluency." What occurs with this condition?

A) Interruption in the natural flow of walking
B) Interruption in the natural flow of the thinking process
C) Interruption in the natural flow of running and jumping
D) Interruption in the natural flow of speaking

Question 23

What is the primary characteristic demonstrated by an adolescent diagnosed with depression?

A) Marked change in behavior
B) Feelings of sadness
C) Moodiness
D) Withdrawn

Question 24

A school nurse is teaching parents to identify the risk factors for suicide. Which factors would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

A) Family history of suicide
B) Chronic illness
C) Willingness to seek help for mental disorders
D) Feelings of being too close to people
E) Easy access to lethal methods
F) Impulsive or aggressive tendencies

Question 25

The nurse counseling the parents of an adolescent child who has stated "life isn't worth living anymore." Which intervention should the nurse discuss with them?

A) Do not take suicide ideation, gestures, and attempts too seriously in this age group.
B) Treat the adolescent with suicide ideation in the home for as long as possible.
C) Talking is more effective than listening about a child's sadness or unhappiness.
D) Consider using a no-suicide contract with the child.

Question 26

What nursing considerations should be kept in mind when caring for a 6-year-old client diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A) Encourage supportive counseling for the family.
B) Encourage hospitalization over home care.
C) Talk to the client rather than listening.
D) Stop medications when symptoms disappear.

Question 27

Which is an effect of marijuana use on a child's physical functions?

A) Weight loss
B) Arrhythmias
C) Uncoordinated motor skills
D) Visual disturbances

Question 28

Which nursing consideration is recommended when dealing with the families of children with special needs?

A) In the hospital, first show the family the best way of carrying out a procedure.
B) Assist the family to set realistic long-term goals.
C) Encourage the family to be very protective of their child.
D) Encourage parents to assign the child household chores and responsibilities.

Question 29

The nurse is assisting an intellectually impaired child to eat. Which guideline is recommended for this procedure?

A) Place the child in a semisitting position with the head flexed slightly backward.
B) Teach or remind the child to chew and, if necessary, manipulate the jaw up and down.
C) Place food in the center of the mouth, not on the side, and do not rush.
D) Keep the atmosphere quiet and, if possible, feed the child alone.