Deck 82: Cancer

Question 1

The nurse is documenting the blood type of a newborn as "type O." Which statement describes the antigens and antibodies related to this blood type?

A) It has the A antigen and the anti-B antibody.
B) It has the B antigen and the anti-A antibody.
C) It has both A and B antigens, but it does not have either the anti-A or the anti-B antibody.
D) It does not have the A or B antigen, but it does have the anti-A and the anti-B antibody.

Answer 1

It does not have the A or B antigen, but it does have the anti-A and the anti-B antibody.

Question 2

The nurse is preparing a transfusion for a client with type AB blood. Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type O
D) Type AB

Answer 2

Type O

Question 3

In which disease would the D antigen be particularly important?

A) Erythroblastosis fetalis
B) Anemia
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Polycythemia

Answer 3

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 4

The nurse is reading the laboratory results of a client with a blood disorder and notes there is a positive direct Coombs test. Which condition might this test result signify?

A) Leukocytosis
B) Thrombocytosis
C) Polycythemia vera
D) Transfusion reaction

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a client who has leukemia. Which blood test result for white blood cells (WBCs) is useful in diagnosing and monitoring the response to treatment for this condition?

A) Monocytosis
B) Lymphocytosis
C) Absolute polycythemia
D) Low platelet count

Question 6

The nurse is explaining the parts of a complete blood count (CBC) to a client having blood work done. Which parts are in this series of tests? Select all that apply.

A) RBC count
B) Hematocrit
C) Prothrombin time
D) Hemoglobin
E) Blood smear
F) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 7

A client is scheduled for a bleeding time test. For which reasons is this test is performed? Select all that apply.

A) Detect platelet disorders
B) Diagnose infections
C) Evaluate for capillary defects
D) Diagnose inflammatory processes
E) Diagnose autoimmune conditions
F) Determine ability to stop bleeding

Question 8

A blood culture is ordered for a client with pneumonia to discover the presence of bacteria in the blood and to choose an antibiotic. Which is a key nursing intervention when this test is ordered?

A) Notify the laboratory when the client's temperature elevates.
B) Start antibiotic therapy before obtaining a blood culture.
C) Notify the physician if the client's condition worsens.
D) Ensure that the client lies still when the test is being performed.

Question 9

For which client would a transfusion of colloid solutions be recommended?

A) A client with stage 3 blood pressure
B) A client who is in respiratory distress
C) A client with hypotension related to hemorrhage
D) A client who is having an MI

Question 10

When assessing a client who requires transfusion of a colloid solution, the nurse observes edema of the whole body. Which term is used to describe this condition?

A) Petechiae
B) Anasarca
C) Ecchymosis
D) Diaphoresis

Question 11

The nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client who experienced postoperative hemorrhaging. Which guideline should be followed for this procedure?

A) Three licensed personnel must identify the client.
B) Two licensed personnel must identify the unit of blood.
C) The client should wear only the hospital ID band provided at admission.
D) The nurse should ask the client what his or her blood type is before the transfusion.

Question 12

The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a client regarding blood transfusions. Which type of blood donation would be safest for the client?

A) Perioperative blood infusion
B) Directed blood donation
C) Community blood bank
D) Autologous blood donation

Question 13

The nurse explains to a client receiving packed RBCs that the blood product is produced by centrifuging (spinning) whole blood, which forces the RBCs to the bottom of the container. For which client would packed RBCs be the best choice?

A) A client who has anemia
B) A client who has massive acute hemorrhaging
C) A client with thrombocytopenia
D) A client with hypovolemic shock

Question 14

A nurse is monitoring a blood transfusion for a client following major surgery. Which guideline should be followed for a blood transfusion procedure?

A) Store and preserve blood in the nursing unit before infusion.
B) Avoid the joint administration of 0.9% saline and blood.
C) Document vital signs during the transfusion.
D) Get one licensed person to identify the unit of blood.

Question 15

Which client would be a candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?

A) A client with anemia
B) A client with severe hemorrhaging
C) A client with leukemia
D) A client with a bleeding disorder

Question 16

A client diagnosed with leukemia is receiving high-dose chemotherapy to kill cancerous cells and promote sites for new noncancerous cells to grow before bone marrow transplant. For what complication of chemotherapy is this client at risk?

A) Seizures
B) Infections
C) Polycythemia
D) Anemia

Question 17

The nurse is monitoring a client diagnosed with leukemia. When performing a physical assessment, what condition would the nurse document as a sign of abnormal bleeding?

A) Headaches
B) Petechiae
C) Cyanosis
D) Jaundice

Question 18

A client who is a heavy smoker is living in a high-altitude area. A red blood cell count confirms a diagnosis of secondary polycythemia. What condition causes this blood disorder?

A) Lung cancer
B) Leukemia
C) Hypertension
D) Hypoxia

Question 19

Why should the nurse encourage the client prescribed an iron supplement to eat a high- fiber diet?

A) Increases the absorption of iron supplements
B) Decreases the side effects of iron supplements
C) Enhances the effects of oral iron supplements
D) Minimizes the unpleasant taste of the iron supplement

Question 20

Which term is used to describe a decrease in the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet count?

A) Pancytopenia
B) Leukopenia
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Granulocytopenia

Question 21

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old male African American client who reports severe pain in his arms and legs and stomach. The nurse notes that the client has jaundice, fever, dyspnea, and swelling of the hands and feet. What blood disorder would the nurse suspect?

A) Leukemia
B) Anemia
C) Sickle cell disease
D) Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)

Question 22

A client is diagnosed with leukemia. Which should the nurse include in the client teaching?

A) The importance of eating iron-rich foods
B) Possible side effects of anticoagulant therapy
C) The importance of eating a low-fiber diet
D) Avoidance of persons who are ill

Question 23

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with leukemia. Which measure should the nurse consider when caring for this client?

A) Instruct the client to use only a soft toothbrush.
B) Encourage an increase in dietary iron intake.
C) Instruct the client about taking cyanocobalamin injections.
D) Take preventive measures against diarrhea in the client.

Question 24

A client who is receiving chemotherapy has a platelet count of 40,000/mm³. Which condition would the nurse suspect?

A) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Hemophilia
D) Von Willebrand disease (vWD)

Question 25

Which is a sign of internal bleeding?

A) Jaundice
B) High blood pressure
C) Rapid pulse
D) Lethargy

Question 26

A client at the healthcare facility is diagnosed with Hodgkin disease that has extended to the liver. At which stage is the progression of the disease?

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 27

A nurse is educating a client being treated for lymphoma about the side effects of antineoplastic drugs used for the treatment. Which is a common side effect of antineoplastic drug therapy?

A) Hemophilia
B) Neutropenia
C) Thalassemia
D) Polycythemia

Question 28

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Which intervention should be performed when caring for this client?

A) Instruct the client to avoid the use of an electric razor.
B) Monitor the client for an increase in blood pressure.
C) Inform the client about the adverse effects of cytotoxic agents.
D) Watch the client for signs of unusual pallor.

Question 29

Which client would be at greatest risk for developing non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)?

A) A client who is undergoing immunosuppressive drug therapy
B) A client who is a heavy smoker
C) A client who is taking steroids
D) A client who has uncontrolled hypertension

Question 30

Which nursing care measure should be employed when caring for a client diagnosed with multiple myeloma?

A) Instruct the client to avoid lifting heavy weights.
B) Avoid the use of a brace for providing support to the client.
C) Watch the client for enlarged lymph nodes.
D) Monitor the client for a decrease in the blood calcium level.