Deck 83: Allergic, Immune, and Autoimmune Disorders

Question 1

A 35-year-old female client is diagnosed with a benign breast tumor. Which characteristic of benign tumors differentiates them from malignant tumors?

A) Rapid growth
B) Encapsulated
C) Composed of anaplastic cells
D) Commonly metastasized

Answer 1

Encapsulated

Question 2

From which type of tissue do carcinomas develop?

A) Hematopoietic tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Embryonic tissue
D) Epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue

Question 3

Which carcinogen may cause cervical cancer?

A) Retrovirus of HIV
B) Human T-cell leukemia
C) Human papillomavirus
D) Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 3

Human papillomavirus

Question 4

A 60-year-old male client is diagnosed with stage II prostate cancer. Which statement describes this stage of cancer?

A) The tumors have intermediate phases of differentiation.
B) The tumors are very anaplastic.
C) The tumors are poorly differentiated.
D) The tumors are in situ.

Question 5

A nurse is emphasizing the importance of early detection of breast carcinoma to a female client who has come for her first screening. Which recommendation should the nurse make to this client?

A) Women at increased risk should have breast ultrasonography performed.
B) Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 20.
C) Clinical breast examination (CBE) is recommended every year for women aged 20 to 30.
D) Breast self-examination (BSE) is recommended for women starting at age 40.

Question 6

A nurse is assisting clients at a colorectal cancer screening program. Which client should be encouraged undergo screening on a regular basis?

A) A personal history of diverticulosis
B) A personal history of Crohn disease
C) A family history of hemorrhoids
D) Polyps in a third-degree relative

Question 7

A 34-year-old client has had three normal Pap test results in a row. The client wants to know if she needs to undergo Pap tests every year. How often should the nurse recommend that this client undergo cervical cancer screening?

A) Twice yearly
B) Annually
C) Every 3 years
D) Every 4 years

Question 8

The nurse is presenting a lecture during a community health fair regarding the incidence and prevention of cancer. Which cancer would the nurse list as the leading cause of death in men and women?

A) Colorectal cancer
B) Leukemia
C) Liver cancer
D) Lung cancer

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with prostate cancer. What type of tumor marker indicates this malignancy?

A) Enzymes
B) Cancer antigens
C) Hormones
D) Genes

Question 10

A nurse is documenting the laboratory reports and blood studies of a client with a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Which tumor marker would be increased in this client?

A) Neuron-specific enolase
B) Beta2-microglobulin
C) Philadelphia chromosome
D) Carcinoembryonic antigen

Question 11

A client's laboratory results indicate an increase in the tumor marker serum ferritin. What condition would the nurse suspect?

A) Multiple myeloma
B) Lymphoma
C) Hepatoma
D) Thyroid cancer

Question 12

A client with symptoms of a malignant disease in the central nervous system is undergoing tests to confirm a diagnosis. Which test would be the best choice to confirm disease in this body system?

A) Ultrasonography
B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C) Sigmoidoscope
D) Computed tomography

Question 13

A client is undergoing surgery for an en bloc resection to remove a tumor of the neck. Which describes this type of surgery?

A) Removal of the tumor, the organ involved, and surrounding tissues
B) Removal of the tumor as well as some of the margin of the tumor
C) Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues and lymph nodes
D) Destroying the tissue by high-frequency current

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a 62-year-old female client diagnosed with metastatic endometrial carcinoma receiving radiation therapy. What nursing consideration should be employed when caring for the skin of this client?

A) Use only plain, tepid water on the irradiated skin.
B) Wear no clothing next to the irradiated skin.
C) Apply at least an SPF 8 sunscreen on the skin.
D) Use a cooling device on the treatment area.

Question 15

The nurse is providing care for a client undergoing chemotherapy for throat cancer. Which nursing consideration is appropriate for this client?

A) Encourage the client to drink at least 4 glasses of liquids per day.
B) Instruct the client in the implications of high blood counts.
C) Disregard a client who states that he wishes to discontinue treatment.
D) Help the client to plan a high-calorie, high-protein diet.

Question 16

A client is prescribed rituximab to enhance substances within the immune system to kill cancer cells. What category of biological response modifiers (BRMs) is the client taking?

A) Monoclonal antibodies
B) Interferons
C) Colony-stimulating factors
D) Interleukins

Question 17

A 56-year-old client is diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse is preparing to administer a biological response modifier (BRM) to enhance the immune system. Which type of BRM is typically used for this condition?

A) Monoclonal antibodies (MOAB, MoAB)
B) Interferons (IFN)
C) Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs)
D) Interleukins (IL)

Question 18

A client diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer is put on monoclonal antibody therapy. For which side effect should the nurse carefully monitor when caring for this client?

A) Constipation
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Hyperphagia
D) Hypertension

Question 19

The nurse is administering a swish-and-swallow solution to a client who has stomatitis related to chemotherapy. Which is a nursing consideration for this treatment?

A) Swallow only very small amounts of the solution.
B) Brush the teeth vigorously after using the solution.
C) Use a commercial mouthwash following administration.
D) Floss the teeth after using the solution.

Question 20

The nurse caring for clients with various cancers knows that which reported symptom is the most distressing, second only to pain?

A) Nausea
B) Skin irritation
C) Alopecia
D) Fatigue

Question 21

A client diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia has developed stomatitis as a result of chemotherapy. Which instruction should the nurse give to this client?

A) Use alcohol-containing commercial mouthwashes.
B) Floss the teeth after meals on a regular basis.
C) Clean the teeth using a brush with hard bristles.
D) Rinse the mouth thoroughly after meals and at bedtime.

Question 22

A client diagnosed with pancreatic carcinoma is prescribed pain-relieving medications since reporting intense abdominal pain. Which is the most appropriate timing for the nurse to administer medications in this client?

A) Before client goes to sleep
B) When pain is unbearable
C) When requested
D) Around the clock

Question 23

A 46-year-old female client is receiving tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. For which side effect should the nurse monitor this client?

A) Menorrhagia
B) Manic episodes
C) Somnolence
D) Hot flashes

Question 24

A client receiving chemotherapy for metastatic renal carcinoma has a decreased appetite. The nurse should suggest which foods to meet the nutritional needs of this client?

A) Meat, milk, and chopped parsley
B) Lettuce, cereal, and orange juice
C) Brussels sprouts, bread, and pasta
D) Chopped celery, rice, and apple

Question 25

Which is the correct term for loss of hair associated with chemotherapy?

A) Xerostomia
B) Dysphagia
C) Alopecia
D) Dyspnea

Question 26

The nurse teaches clients about the signs and symptoms of cancer. Which is a symptom of cancer?

A) Weight loss
B) Cough
C) Jaundice
D) Fatigue

Question 27

The nurse is instructing clients receiving chemotherapy how to prevent secondary infections. Which guideline is recommended?

A) Use a razor blade to shave instead of an electric razor.
B) When taking temperature, use a rectal thermometer.
C) If laxatives are needed, administer via a suppository.
D) Avoid outpatient treatment centers.

Question 28

The nurse is caring for a client undergoing chemotherapy. Which is typically affected in clients receiving radiation or chemotherapy and places them at increased risk of anemia, bleeding, and infection?

A) Mucous membranes
B) Skin integrity
C) Lung function
D) Bone marrow

Question 29

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with cancer regarding how to maintain adequate nutrition. Which would the nurse include as a teaching point?

A) Encourage foods high in fat.
B) Limit fluids to two glasses per day.
C) Encourage rest periods after meals.
D) Recommend fluids after meals.