Deck 84: Hiv and Aids

Question 1

Which statement accurately describes a function of the immune system?

A) When an antigen enters the body, the body responds by producing antibodies.
B) The antigen-antibody reaction releases chemical mediators known as allergies.
C) An allergic reaction may occur at the first exposure to an antigen.
D) Normally, the body is not able to distinguish "self" from "not self."

Answer 1

When an antigen enters the body, the body responds by producing antibodies.

Question 2

Disorders of the immune system can cause many systemic symptoms and problems. Which condition is directly related to allergies?

A) Pressure wounds
B) Renal failure
C) Asthma
D) Arrhythmias

Answer 2

Asthma

Question 3

The nurse is assisting with a skin test for a client suspected of having allergies to animal dander. Which is a sign of a positive reaction?

A) Bruising
B) Red wheal
C) Flat macule
D) Bleeding

Answer 3

Red wheal

Question 4

A nurse is preparing a client for an intradermal skin test. Which precautionary measure
Should the nurse take when conducting the test?

A) Keep epinephrine 1:10,000 readily available.
B) Caution the client to wear a facemask.
C) Have an ice pack readily available.
D) Caution that the test will be painful.

Question 5

A nurse is assisting a healthcare provider perform a skin test on a client suspected of having an allergic disorder. Which unit of measurement will the nurse use to measure the degree of edema?

A) Centimeters
B) Inches
C) Micrometers
D) Millimeters

Question 6

A nurse is performing skin testing on a client suspected of having an allergic disorder.
Which measure should the nurse employ when performing the injection?

A) Face the needle bevel downward during insertion.
B) Insert the needle to the level under the dermis.
C) Insert the needle approximately one fourth of an inch.
D) Hold the needle nearly flat against the client's skin.

Question 7

Which medication route elicits a faster and more dramatic allergic reaction?

A) Parenteral
B) Orally
C) Rectally
D) Topically

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a client with an immune disorder. Which cardiovascular symptom should the nurse assess in this client?

A) Stridor
B) Dyspnea
C) Syncope
D) Hypertension

Question 9

The nurse is performing a physical assessment for a client manifesting symptoms of an immune disorder. Which symptoms are typical of this type of disorder? Select all that apply.

A) Fatigue
B) Hyperactivity
C) Dyspnea
D) Frequent infections
E) Vomiting
F) Joint pain

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a client in the ER who presents with a severe rash caused by direct contact with an allergen. Which might be the cause of this client's rash?

A) Pollen
B) Medications
C) Insect sting
D) Poison ivy

Question 11

The nurse explains to the client experiencing urticaria that this condition is caused by an allergic reaction. Which type of allergic reaction is this client experiencing?

A) Respiratory response
B) Multisystem response
C) Skin response
D) Gastrointestinal response

Question 12

Which measure should the nurse employ when caring for a client diagnosed with contact dermatitis?

A) Apply warm compresses over the affected area.
B) Encourage the client to dry the area by patting it lightly.
C) Teach the client to use hourly topical corticosteroids appropriately.
D) Bandage and keep the area covered.

Question 13

A teenager is brought to the ER with symptoms of dyspnea, tightness in the chest, cyanosis, and increased pulse rate and respirations. Which diagnosis is supported by these signs and symptoms?

A) Bronchial asthma
B) Allergic rhinitis
C) Food allergy
D) Serum reaction

Question 14

A client is experiencing an allergic reaction to peanuts. For which signs and symptoms should the nurse assess?

A) Swelling of the lips and throat
B) Paroxysms of dyspnea
C) Bluish skin coloration
D) Profuse perspiration

Question 15

The nurse is performing a physical assessment for a client who states that she is allergic to latex. Which food will the nurse question the client about?

A) Peanuts
B) Milk
C) Beef
D) Bananas

Question 16

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antiserum for treatment of rabies. For what should the nurse assess in this client?

A) Cold clammy extremities
B) Migraine headaches
C) Cyanosis and pallor
D) Enlarged lymph nodes

Question 17

A client has been prescribed immunotherapy. Which measure should the nurse be prepared to implement to desensitize the client for the allergy?

A) Give minute doses of allergens intradermally.
B) Give minute doses of allergens subcutaneously.
C) Give moderate doses of allergens intradermally.
D) Give moderate doses of allergens subcutaneously.

Question 18

The nurse is administering an antihistamine to a client experiencing a severe allergic reaction to pollen. What class of drugs is being used?

A) H2-receptor antagonists
B) Leukotrienes
C) H1-receptor antagonists
D) Epinephrine

Question 19

A client is experiencing respiratory complications related to asthma. What classification of medications is commonly prescribed for this condition?

A) Leukotriene antagonists
B) Sedating drugs
C) Nonsedating drugs
D) Adrenergic decongestants

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bronchial asthma who is also an avid soccer player. What should the nurse include in the client education?

A) Use inhalers, as prescribed, before rigorous sports activities.
B) Wear a facemask during sports activities.
C) Interactions with foods are not a concern with bronchial asthma.
D) Avoid participating in any physically exerting sport.

Question 21

A nurse is caring for an asthmatic client on antihistamine therapy. For which side effect of antihistamines should the nurse assess this client?

A) Difficulty swallowing
B) Pupillary dilation
C) Excessive salivation
D) Frequent urination

Question 22

The nurse is treating a client who presents in the ER with airway obstruction owing to laryngeal edema and vasodilation resulting in hypotension and hypoperfusion of the organs. Which condition is this client most likely experiencing?

A) Serum reaction
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Graves disease
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old boy who is brought to the ER with signs of anaphylaxis following a bee sting. Which signs support this medical diagnosis? Select all that apply.

A) Rash
B) Edema at the site of the sting
C) Hypertension
D) Strong rapid pulse
E) Pupillary dilation
F) Severe dyspnea

Question 24

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing anaphylactic shock related to antibiotic administration. Which nursing intervention for anaphylactic shock should be performed immediately?

A) Perform an allergy test.
B) Administer epinephrine.
C) Place a warm compress at the site.
D) Administer antihistamines.

Question 25

The nurse is following the emergency protocol when dealing with a client in anaphylactic shock. Which are steps in this protocol? Select all that apply.

A) Administer corticosteroids as prescribed.
B) Prepare for possible placement of an endotracheal tube.
C) Place the client in a prone position.
D) Provide the client with supplemental oxygen.
E) Gather equipment used for intravenous access insertion.

Question 26

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with leukemia. Which immune disorder is most likely involved in this condition?

A) Infectious disease
B) Immunosuppression
C) Overproduction of gamma globulins
D) Severe immune response to an invading antigen

Question 27

The nurse is administering fexofenadine to a client with severe respiratory allergies. Which type of drug is this antihistamine?

A) Sedating drugs
B) Nonsedating drugs
C) Leukotriene antagonists
D) Adrenergic decongestant

Question 28

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who had a kidney transplant. Which teaching point is appropriate for this client?

A) "You will probably require immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of your life."
B) "Because tissue typing was successful, there is no need to worry about organ rejection."
C) "Signs of rejection of the organ are different from other antigen-antibody responses."
D) "If you take immunosuppressive drugs, the organ will not be rejected."

Question 29

Which statement regarding the etiology or incidence of autoimmune diseases is accurate?

A) There is no familial tendency in these disorders.
B) Men are more likely to develop these disorders than women.
C) Children are more likely to get the diseases than adults.
D) Multiple autoimmune disorders are known to occur in the same client.

Question 30

Which treatments are recommended for systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune disorders? Select all that apply.

A) Antihypertensives
B) Corticosteroids
C) Iron supplements
D) Mild analgesics
E) Sedatives
F) Radiation