Deck 85: Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

When providing client education regarding AIDS, which virus should the nurse identify as the causative organism responsible for the development of AIDS?

A) Human papilloma virus
B) Epstein-Barr virus
C) Human immunodeficiency virus
D) Varicella zoster virus

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2

The nurse is teaching a class on HIV/AIDS in a local community setting. Which accurately describe these conditions and could be included as teaching points?

A) The terms HIV and AIDS are synonymous.
B) AIDS is the virus responsible for causing HIV.
C) HIV is a retrovirus overtaking living cells to duplicate itself.
D) The only known cure for AIDS is HAART.

Answer 2

HIV is a retrovirus overtaking living cells to duplicate itself.

Question 3

Which behaviors increase the risk of contracting HIV? Select all that apply.

A) Having vaginal sex with an infected person
B) Shaking hands with an HIV positive person
C) Sharing infected needles
D) Breathing air when an infected person sneezes
E) Being in contact with the feces of an infected person
F) Cleaning up the vomit of an infected person

Answer 3

Having vaginal sex with an infected person
Sharing infected needles
Being in contact with the feces of an infected person
Cleaning up the vomit of an infected person

Question 4

What event occurs when the HIV virus invades a normal human cell?

A) The virus uses its own RNA to change the healthy cell's existing DNA.
B) The virus' DNA duplicates and spreads HIV within the body.
C) The original purpose and function of the normal cell is recreated in the HIV cells.
D) A reverse transcriptase protein converts the virus' RNA into DNA.

Question 5

Which drug would be prescribed to prevent HIV from entering CD4 cells after an accidental needlestick?

A) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
B) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
C) Integrase inhibitors
D) Protease inhibitors (PIs)

Question 6

Which viral infection commonly occurs with HIV?

A) Candidiasis
B) Hepatitis C
C) Tuberculosis (TB)
D) Syphilis

Question 7

A nurse is caring for client infected with HIV. Which infection is a result of a fungal infection?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Toxoplasmosis
C) Cryptococcosis
D) Herpes zoster

Question 8

A client diagnosed with HIV/AIDS develops Pneumocystis carinii (pneumonia). Which drugs are used to treat this infection? Select all that apply.

A) Azithromycin
B) Loperamide
C) Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
D) Dapsone
E) Aerosolized pentamidine
F) Acyclovir

Question 9

The nurse is educating a client regarding the nature of the human cells that are invaded by the HIV virus. Which is the main type of cell affected by HIV?

A) B cells
B) C cells
C) Lymphocytes in bone marrow
D) CD4 cells

Question 10

For the HIV and AIDS clients, the depletion of what system leads to an increased risk for opportunistic infections and possible death?

A) Respiratory system
B) Cardiovascular system
C) Immune system
D) Integumentary system

Question 11

Exposure to which substance has a low occupational risk of transmission of HIV infection to the nurse?

A) Cerebrospinal fluid
B) Peritoneal fluid
C) Vaginal secretions
D) Lacrimal secretions

Question 12

Which cell does HIV specifically invade thus increasing an individual's risk for developing an opportunistic infection?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Granulocytes
C) Lymphocytes
D) Platelets

Question 13

What is the fastest growing group of persons in the United States living with HIV?

A) Infants born to infected mothers
B) Males having unprotected sex with males
C) People engaging in high-risk heterosexual contact
D) Users of contaminated needles

Question 14

What information should the nurse provide a client scheduled to have an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test?

A) HIV antibodies effectively fight against the HIV virus.
B) Blood is the only body fluid used for EIA testing.
C) EIA test is more expensive than the western blot test.
D) A positive EIA test does not necessarily indicate HIV infection.

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a client undergoing testing for HIV. Which nursing consideration is related to this process?

A) An informed consent must be obtained from the client before testing.
B) Posttest counseling is required only if the test is positive.
C) Results can be given over the tele phone or sent to the person in writing.
D) Most laboratories use the last name of the client and a code to ensure confidentiality.

Question 16

Which information regarding a viral load (HIV-RNA) test is accurate?

A) A person who is not infected with HIV has a minimum viral load.
B) Clients with controlled HIV may have readings as high as 1,000,000 copies.
C) An undetectable reading is considered an excellent response to therapy.
D) The inability to detect the virus in the blood indicates a person is no longer infected.

Question 17

Which characteristic is associated with AIDS?

A) Anorexia
B) Weight gain
C) Productive cough
D) Accumulation of fat in arms and legs

Question 18

Which manifestation of HIV is frequently seen in female clients?

A) Endometrial cancer
B) Cervical cancer
C) Ovarian cancer
D) Breast cancer

Question 19

The nurse is describing the use of "the cocktail" to attack development cycles of the HIV virus. Which classification of drugs disables a protein that the HIV needs for replication?

A) Entry inhibitors
B) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
C) Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
D) Protease inhibitors (PIs)

Question 20

Which T-cell counts represents the level at which the first opportunistic infections may appear in a client diagnosed with HIV?

A) 150/mm³
B) 250/mm³
C) 500/mm³
D) 750/mm³

Question 21

Which opportunistic infection causes small, painful blisters on the skin of the lips, nose, or genitalia?

A) Cryptococcus
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Toxoplasmosis
D) Histoplasmosis

Question 22

A client is diagnosed with HIV has developed encephalopathy. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse document concerning this latest diagnosis?

A) Ineffective breathing pattern
B) Impaired tissue integrity
C) Risk of disuse syndrome
D) Disturbed thought process

Question 23

Which nursing care measure should be employed when caring for a client who is HIV- positive?

A) Take suitable precautions to protect the client from nosocomial infections.
B) Discuss the client's health condition with the client's relatives.
C) Put the client's infectious wastes in a closed bag and dispose of in a sanitary landfill.
D) Break the needles off the syringes manually before disposing of them.

Question 24

What should the nurse include in the education provided to the family caregivers of a client newly diagnosed with HIV?

A) Encourage them to keep the client on complete bed rest.
B) Inform them on how to take care of infectious waste.
C) Recommend that they provide a diet reduced in salt.
D) Ask them to assist the client with all daily activities.

Question 25

Which would the nurse recommend to provide safer sex and protect against contracting HIV?

A) Practicing only oral sex
B) Always using condoms
C) Taking contraceptives as prescribed
D) Using the "day after" pill if sex was unprotected

Question 26

What would be the focus of care for a client in the terminal stage of AIDS?

A) Comfort
B) Medications
C) Rehabilitation
D) Social interaction

Question 27

Who is responsible for evaluating the outcomes of care for a client diagnosed with AIDS?

A) The physician and nurse
B) The nurse and the client
C) The healthcare team, client, and family
D) The client and family

Question 28

Which is the greatest source of exposure to HIV for healthcare workers?

A) Exposure to vomit
B) Exposure to feces
C) Airborne pathogens
D) Needlestick injuries

Question 29

The nurse receives a needlestick injury on the job. What is the initial intervention for this possible exposure to HIV?

A) Screening the clients for HIV
B) Thoroughly washing the exposed area
C) Starting post-exposure treatment within 1 week
D) Attending counseling sessions