Deck 13: Social Behavior

Question 1

Stefan listens to his mother and follows rules that she has set for him. Stefan's behavior is an example of ________.

A) discrimination
B) abstraction
C) obedience
D) normative social influence

Answer 1

obedience

Question 2

________ is an attempt by a person or group to change our opinions, beliefs, or choices by explaining or arguing their position.

A) Deception
B) Abstraction
C) Attribution
D) Persuasion

Answer 2

Persuasion

Question 3

Which of the following is the best explanation of social loafing?

A) Individuals tend to relax their standards in the presence of others.
B) People adjust their behavior to adhere to cultural norms.
C) Parents' behavior in public influences their children's personalities.
D) People readily get influenced by others in order to be more widely accepted.

Answer 3

Individuals tend to relax their standards in the presence of others.

Question 4

Social psychologists define ________ as a person's favorable or unfavorable feelings, beliefs, or actions toward an object, idea, or person.

A) attitudes
B) stereotypes
C) schemas
D) norms

Question 5

Nikita says she got an "A" on the anthropology test because she prepared well and a "D" on the physics test because the test was too difficult. This scenario is an example of ________.

A) a self-serving bias
B) cognitive dissonance
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) out-group homogeneity

Question 6

In the context of social relations, ________ is action that is beneficial to others.

A) deviance
B) prosocial behavior
C) rebellious behavior
D) retaliation

Question 7

As a star soccer player, Salim performs better in his game when more people are watching him perform. Salim's behavior is an example of ________.

A) social loafing
B) conformity
C) social facilitation
D) normative social influence

Question 8

A child begins to cry when the mother refuses to buy a doll that the child liked. Hearing the child's cries, the mother becomes distressed. The mother buys the doll to reduce the child's distress. According to Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis, the mother's decision to buy the doll is due to ________ motivation.

A) social
B) egoistic
C) misanthropic
D) empathic

Question 9

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated that ________.

A) children can learn aggression through exposure to aggressive models
B) TV is the cause of the aggressive behavior among children
C) people will conform to the behavior of others to avoid rejection and gain acceptance
D) people find it easier to use props in real-life situations

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of conformity?

A) Roberto likes to read the books that his older sister hands down to him.
B) Marcel has a colorful skateboard that he refuses to share with his friends.
C) Juanita involves her adolescent children in most domestic decision-making processes.
D) Bridgette wants her parents to buy her the latest music CD because all her friends have it.

Question 11

One of the advantages that group living offers to human evolution is ________.

A) the increased potential of intraspecies recognition
B) the means to end financial instability
C) increased self-esteem
D) ensured safety and cooperation

Question 12

Zara, a 28-year-old, is working for an advertising company. She shares her apartment with 27-year-old Sasha who is working for a retail chain. They both have similar personalities and had similar majors in college. They like each other immensely and have mutual respect. In the context of social psychology, this is a typical example of ________.

A) assortative mating
B) reciprocal altruism
C) cognitive dissonance
D) self-serving bias

Question 13

Fred is playing in the position of a defensive lineman in a football game. He smashes down a ball carrier to prevent the opponent from scoring. His idea was to prevent scoring by the other team, not to hurt the ball carrier. In this scenario, Fred's aggression is labeled ________.

A) negative
B) relational
C) instrumental
D) hostile

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of dispositional attribution?

A) Ted blames the weather for his below-average performance at the local golf tournament.
B) Rita's professor blamed her poor performance on her bad study habits.
C) Nelson attributes his injury at the construction site to defective helmets.
D) Salma attributes her poor test score to the lack of desire to study hard.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best explanation of social facilitation?

A) Peers urge children to engage in deviant behavior.
B) Parents pass on to children the codes of social behavior.
C) Individuals perform a task better with others around.
D) Caretakers offer rewards for the completion of a task.

Question 16

According to Grafman (1996), which of the following parts of the brain is responsible for impulse control and is often functionally impaired in aggressive and violent people?

A) Prefrontal cortex
B) Amygdala
C) Hippocampus
D) Brain stem

Question 17

Rita flunked a test. Her father, Larry, thinks that this happened because the test was too hard. In this scenario, Larry's belief is an example of ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) a self-serving bias
C) a situational attribution
D) out-group homogeneity

Question 18

Julia is a Big Bulls fan. This showcases the ________ component of her attitude.

A) informational
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 19

Tom and his teammates are given the task of working on an important presentation. Tom does not contribute much because he is sure that his teammates can handle the presentation by themselves. This is an example of ________.

A) reciprocal altruism
B) cognitive dissonance
C) social loafing
D) a self-serving bias

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating obedience?

A) Katrina, who buys a blue purse like the one all the other girls at school have
B) Kenny, who buys a new set of knives because they looked interesting on a TV commercial
C) Carlos, who washes the dishes and takes out the trash because his mother tells him to
D) Paloma, who orders the girls in her sorority to clean out the refrigerator after a party

Question 21

Which of the following is true about obedience?

A) It occurs when the presence of others causes one to relax.
B) It occurs when people go to great lengths to do what the group is doing.
C) It occurs when a person yields to peer pressure.
D) It occurs when a person yields to the will of another person.

Question 22

________ refers to a selfless concern for and giving of aid to others.

A) Egotism
B) Altruism
C) Agnosticism
D) Elitism

Question 23

________, a tendency to portray groups of people as devoid of basic qualities or rights attributed to most people, is a common tactic in racial prejudice that aims to make people feel unworthy.

A) Cognitive dissonance
B) Normative social influence
C) Dehumanization
D) Out-group homogeneity

Question 24

The tendency to explain others' behavior in dispositional rather than situational terms is called ________.

A) the out-group bias
B) the fundamental attribution error
C) informational social influence
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 25

Juan has bought season tickets to watch his favorite baseball team play in the league games. This demonstrates the ________ component of his attitude.

A) affective
B) informational
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 26

Which of the following is true about situational attributions?

A) People make situational attributions when they think that a person's character, such as his or her personality, is the cause of his or her behavior.
B) Situational attributions are otherwise known as external attributions.
C) Situational attributions rely on misleading cues.
D) Schemas about the social world are developed with the help of situational attributions.

Question 27

Louis says he got a "D" on the psychology test because the test was hard and an "A" on the English test because he prepared well. This scenario is an example of ________.

A) fundamental attribution error
B) ultimate attribution error
C) a self-serving bias
D) actor-observer bias

Question 28

________ occurs when people adjust their behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to cultural norms.

A) Retaliation
B) Abstraction
C) Conformity
D) Bias

Question 29

Social facilitation occurs most frequently when we are performing tasks that ________.

A) others do not want us to perform
B) we usually perform well
C) we think as highly rewarding
D) we are unfamiliar with

Question 30

Which of the following reflects the fundamental attribution error?

A) The error is in making situational attributions for one's failures and dispositional attributions for one's successes.
B) When making attributions of other people's behavior, individuals tend to think that dispositional characteristics matter the most.
C) People make situational attributions for internal factors and dispositional attributions to external factors.
D) People develop models, or schemas, about the social world, which function like lenses through which one filters one's perceptions.

Question 31

Which of the following is true about dispositional attributions?

A) Dispositional attributions are otherwise known as internal attributions.
B) Schemas about the social world are developed with the help of dispositional attributions.
C) Dispositional attributions rely on misleading cues.
D) People display a self-serving bias when they make dispositional attributions to their failures.

Question 32

Jim noticed that he works faster than usual when he works with others in his team. This is an example of ________.

A) social facilitation
B) cognitive dissonance
C) normative social influence
D) a self-serving bias

Question 33

Sally pushed Tisha out of the way so that Sally could get to the cake first. Sally exhibited ________ aggression.

A) relational
B) instrumental
C) negative
D) hostile

Question 34

Professor Wagner told her psychology class that they must have performed poorly on their midterm exam because they were lazy and did not study. Professor Wagner's belief is an example of a(n) ________.

A) stereotypical comment
B) dispositional attribution
C) external attribution
D) self-serving bias

Question 35

Even though Sophia doesn't really want to go to a wild fraternity party, she does because she wants the other college students to think highly of her. Sophie's behavior most reflects ________.

A) prosocial behavior
B) kin selection
C) normative social influence
D) informational social influence

Question 36

Yuan insulted Sylvia, who got really mad and slapped him. Sylvia's aggression is labeled ________.

A) relational
B) hostile
C) instrumental
D) predatory

Question 37

Joanna is walking back to the office after her lunch break. On the way, she sees a homeless man and offers him the evening snack she had bought for herself. In this case, Joanna is displaying a(n) ________ behavior.

A) altruistic
B) narcissistic
C) masochistic
D) egoistic

Question 38

In the context of love, what is characterized by a lot of passion but no intimacy or commitment?

A) Attachment
B) Companionate love
C) Lust
D) Passionate love

Question 39

________ is a kind of conformity that occurs when people yield to the social pressure of an authority figure.

A) Obedience
B) Discrimination
C) Heterogeneity
D) Deception

Question 40

Ben and Jason had a new idea to deal with one of their company's challenges. The primary hurdle was changing the mindset of most of the members of the team formed to discuss the issue. If Ben and Jason are to shift majority opinion, they should ________.

A) plan to use groupthink to their advantage
B) present a well-formed persuasive argument
C) use an authority figure to put across their message
D) get the majority to conform to group pressure

Question 41

A company that produces a sports drink hires a popular and successful tennis player to promote its product. It runs television, radio, and web commercials featuring the athlete winning tennis matches, and consuming the sports drink. Based on this scenario, which of the following statements is true?

A) The aggressive promotion is intended to influence the audience to prosocial behavior.
B) The company hopes to attract a huge market on the basis of kin selection.
C) The perceived credibility of the athlete enhances the credibility of the product.
D) The audience develops an altruistic attitude toward the athlete.

Question 42

Raj and a few of his cousins were asked to help their uncle move to a new house. However, Raj ate most of the snacks, drank all the soda, and did not move nearly as many boxes as everyone else did. In this scenario, Raj's behavior is an example of ________.

A) social loafing
B) social facilitation
C) reciprocal altruism
D) a self-serving bias

Question 43

People seem to prefer ________, which is a rough indicator of genetic fitness, when they rate faces as attractive.

A) diversity
B) symmetry
C) fairness
D) character

Question 44

Harry, a professional athlete, listens to his fitness instructor and follows all his instructions carefully without fail. Harry's behavior is an example of ________.

A) obedience
B) abstraction
C) ignorance
D) discrimination

Question 45

Keith walks out of a restaurant after having lunch and sees a homeless old man sitting on a pavement. Keith feels bad for the old man, buys lunch for him, and gives him $20. In this scenario, Keith is displaying a(n) ________ behavior.

A) narcissistic
B) masochistic
C) altruistic
D) egoistic

Question 46

Tristan's parents had limited resources. They barely had enough money to cover the monthly bills and pay Tristan's tuition fees. Because of this, Tristan could never pitch in for a classmate's birthday present or for an outing with his friends. His peers, who were unaware of his situation, thought he was a miser and that he had a taciturn nature. The tendency to explain Tristan's behavior in dispositional rather than situational terms is an example of ________.

A) groupthink
B) the bystander effect
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) an informational social influence

Question 47

When a person shows positive feelings toward people in his or her own culture and negative feelings toward those in other cultures, the person is displaying ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) in-group/out-group bias
C) normative social influence
D) fundamental attribution error

Question 48

Which of the following actions is most likely diffusion of responsibility?

A) An individual cannot be held responsible in a court of law for actions that were ordered by a superior office.
B) A person ignores matters that are generally important to a group by may not seem specifically important to him or her.
C) A person acts to further the interests of others ultimately to serve his or her own self-interest.
D) An individual's responsibility to act seems decreased when there are many people around.

Question 49

In the famous case of murder victim Kitty Genovese, none of the witnesses to her stabbing came to her aid. Psychologists later called this phenomenon ________.

A) social facilitation
B) the bystander effect
C) situational attribution
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 50

Margaret and Jack are working on a high-priority project with a tight deadline. When Margaret is unable to meet the deadline, Jack attributes it to her clumsiness. However, when he is unable to meet the same deadline, he blames it on poor planning by his manager. This scenario exemplifies ________.

A) an informational social influence
B) conformity
C) groupthink
D) the fundamental attribution error

Question 51

Evolutionary psychologists propose that due to differences in ________, men are more interested in short-term mating than are women.

A) self-esteem
B) culture
C) parental investment
D) internal attributions

Question 52

John, a teacher, is talking to a student in his class. While pleading with the teacher to postpone an upcoming test, the student begins to cry. Reacting to the student's distress, John becomes upset as well. John decides to help the student in order to relieve his own distress. According to C. Daniel Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis, John's decision to help the student is due to ________ motivation.

A) misanthropic
B) egoistic
C) empathic
D) sardonic

Question 53

Which of the following terms is defined as the preferential treatment of certain people that is usually driven by prejudicial attitudes?

A) Obedience
B) Deception
C) Abstraction
D) Discrimination

Question 54

Harry is fond of all the members of his baseball team, but he dislikes the members of the other teams, telling people they are all "dumb jerks." In this case, Harry is displaying a(n) ________ bias.

A) self-serving
B) in-group/out-group
C) selection bias
D) actor-observer

Question 55

Sometimes people go to great lengths to do what the group is doing, when it does not make sense, especially in groups engaged in decision-making. This phenomenon is called ________.

A) groupthink
B) cognitive dissonance
C) scapegoating
D) group decision making

Question 56

Which of the following is true about attributions?

A) Attributions result in people yielding to the social pressure of an authority figure.
B) Attributions are used when one tries to figure out others by judging whether or not they are being truthful.
C) Schemas of how people are likely to behave based simply on the groups to which they belong are known as attributions.
D) Social psychologist Fritz Heider made an important distinction between internal and external attributions.

Question 57

Naomi has bought season tickets to the home games of her all-time favorite basketball team. This displays the ________ component of her attitude.

A) informational
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) affective

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of situational attribution?

A) Alexia attributes her friend's pitiable performance in the music concert to the poor sound system.
B) Naomi thinks she did not score a goal in the game because she hadn't practiced enough.
C) Sean, a star athlete of his state, performs well in front of roaring support from the audience.
D) Jack teaches his little daughter to follow rules around the house by rewarding her for any good work done.

Question 59

People make ________ attributions when they think that something outside the person, such as the environment or circumstances, is the cause of his or her behavior.

A) dispositional
B) internal
C) peripheral
D) situational

Question 60

Beth, a singer in a choir, is less likely to sing her heart out when there are dozens of other voices supporting hers. This is an example of ________.

A) a self-serving bias
B) social loafing
C) normative social influence
D) reciprocal altruism

Question 61

Which of the following is one of the consequences of perceiving others as different from oneself?

A) One has the tendency to make situational attributions for others who don't belong to a group.
B) One tends to yield to social pressure of an authority figure who belongs to an out-group.
C) One strives to be excluded from a group.
D) One's actions are based on in-group or out-group distinctions.

Question 62

Mike thinks that women should not be promoted to managerial positions because he feels that women lack management skills. His thinking is an example of ________.

A) out-group homogeneity
B) racism
C) sexism
D) groupthink

Question 63

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, in passionate love ________.

A) commitment and passion are high and intimacy is low
B) passion is low and commitment and intimacy are high
C) passion and intimacy are low and commitment is high
D) intimacy and passion are high and commitment is low

Question 64

Mark thinks that women should not be allowed to fight in professional martial arts events because they are not physically strong enough. His thinking is an example of ________.

A) racism
B) sexism
C) conformity
D) groupthink

Question 65

Tony is a reckless driver who likes to drive at high speed and swerve through traffic. Although he knows his driving is risky, he often justifies it by saying, "It makes me feel good and gives me a high" and "Other drivers are slow and obstruct my way." This kind of irrational behavior is a typical example of ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) social loafing
C) the bystander effect
D) fundamental attribution error

Question 66

Which of the following must occur for a minority to change the majority view?

A) The majority must be consistent in their attitudes.
B) The minority must present an unwavering message.
C) The majority must use normative social influence.
D) The minority must use normative social influence.

Question 67

Society imposes rules about acceptable behavior that are known as social ________.

A) folklores
B) laws
C) norms
D) identities

Question 68

Which of the following concepts is one of the explanations offered for the bystander effect?

A) Social exchange theory
B) Altruism
C) Egoistic motivation
D) Diffusion of responsibility

Question 69

Troy, who lives in the United States, has the habit of burping at the dinner table. In this scenario, he is violating a social ________.

A) norm
B) ethic
C) rule
D) law

Question 70

Zainab, a new employee at a firm, looks to her colleagues for details about the organization's culture, modes of communication, and the like. This is an example of ________.

A) a dispositional attribution
B) groupthink
C) informational social influence
D) the bystander effect

Question 71

Afzal knows every detail of each player on his state's baseball team. This displays the ________ component of his attitude.

A) attributive
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) cognitive

Question 72

________ is the evolutionary mechanism that prompts individuals to help their close relatives so that they will survive to reproduce and pass on related genes to their offspring.

A) Collective narcissism
B) Endogamy
C) Ethnic nepotism
D) Kin selection

Question 73

Which of the following best explains the bystander effect?

A) It is an occurrence that describes how individuals in a group can act together without planned direction.
B) It is an effect that causes people to ignore matters that are generally important to a group but may not seem specifically important to the individual.
C) It is a phenomenon in which the more people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them will help.
D) It is abusive treatment, the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when habitual and involving an imbalance of power.

Question 74

Which of the following is true about stereotypes?

A) There are two types-dispositional and situational.
B) They help in judging people and their personalities by their actions.
C) They help in making situational attributions for our failures and dispositional attributions for our successes.
D) They allow for quick, but often inaccurate, impressions.

Question 75

Dionne, who is from France, thinks that all people from other countries are similar, yet she is aware that everyone in France has different attitudes and behaviors. Dionne is displaying ________.

A) out-group homogeneity
B) prosocial behavior
C) in-group bias
D) external attribution

Question 76

Gareth walks out of Broadway after watching a musical with his friends. He is not sure whether he liked the musical or not, although everyone in the group loved the performance. By the end of the evening, Gareth agrees that the musical was fantastic, and he actually convinces himself that he loved the performance. In this scenario, Gareth's behavior is an example of ________.

A) prosocial behavior
B) normative social influence
C) diffusion of responsibility
D) kin selection

Question 77

________ is an affection-based bond between infants and their primary caregivers that serves to protect infants from threats to their survival.

A) Attachment
B) Commitment
C) Passion
D) Intimacy

Question 78

Nathan is the lead singer of his band. He starts wearing black t-shirts, leather jackets, and tight denims because everyone else in the band wears them. In this scenario, Nathan's behavior exemplifies ________.

A) abstraction
B) retaliation
C) conformity
D) social loafing

Question 79

Maria buys pink and green shoes because everyone in her school wears shoes of the same colors. Maria's behavior is an example of ________.

A) conformity
B) social loafing
C) retaliation
D) abstraction

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of prejudice?

A) Laila attributes the reason for her son's grades to his laziness.
B) Hilda says that all women should be able to cook.
C) Amir likes his coffee half and half.
D) Nikki cannot afford to live in a high-income neighborhood.