Deck 16: The Knee and Related Structures

Question 1

Identify the questions that you would ask an injured athlete to determine the major complaints of his or her injury.

Answer 1

Not Answer

Question 2

Compare and contrast grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 medial collateral ligament sprains.

Answer 2

Not Answer

Question 3

Describe the most common mechanism for meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Answer 3

Not Answer

Question 4

Explain Osgood-Schlatter disease.

Question 5

Discuss ways of preventing knee injury.

Question 6

Which of the following is a ligament that protects the knee from valgus stress and external tibial rotation?

A) The gluteus maximus
B) The posterior cruciate
C) The medial collateral
D) The adductor magnus

Question 7

Which of the following muscles allows for internal rotation of the tibia?

A) The biceps femoris
B) The vastus medialis
C) The gastrocnemius
D) The popliteus

Question 8

The Lachman's test is used to evaluate the integrity of the:

A) rectus femoris muscle.
B) anterior cruciate ligament.
C) synovial joint.
D) patellofemoral joint.

Question 9

Running, jogging, and sprinting are examples of:

A) the Lachman's test.
B) varus stress tests.
C) functional tests.
D) the Apley's compression test.

Question 10

Which of the following is the bursa that commonly becomes inflamed from the overuse of the patellar tendon?

A) The prepatellar bursa
B) The superficial infrapatellar bursa
C) The suprapatellar bursa
D) The deep infrapatellar bursa

Question 11

Which of the following is a mechanism of injury that leaves the posterior cruciate ligament at greatest risk for injury?

A) Hyperextension of the knee
B) Falling with the knee bent and the foot dorsiflexed
C) Landing on the anterior aspect of the bent knee with the foot plantar flexed
D) A valgus stress with the knee fully extended

Question 12

Loose bodies within the knee can result from:

A) meniscal tear.
B) osteochondritis dissecans.
C) subluxating patella.
D) softening cartilage.

Question 13

Which of the following is a condition common to runners and cyclists characterized by pain and irritation over the lateral femoral condyle?

A) Pes anserine tendinitis
B) Jumper's knee
C) Iliotibial band friction syndrome
D) Biceps femoris tendonitis

Question 14

When is the anterior cruciate ligament most often injured?

A) During deceleration with the knee in varus and the tibia internally rotated
B) During acceleration with the knee in varus and the tibia externally rotated
C) During deceleration with the knee in valgus and the tibia internally rotated
D) During acceleration with the knee in valgus and the tibia externally rotated

Question 15

Which of the following is true of a grade 1 sprain to the medial collateral ligament?

A) There is point tenderness just below the medial joint line.
B) There is a complete loss of medial stability.
C) There is a definite loss of passive range of motion.
D) There is some tearing and partial separation of ligament fibers.

Question 16

Which of the following are the main sources of stability in the knee?

A) Menisci
B) Ligaments
C) Bones
D) Cartilage

Question 17

An athlete has immediate, significant swelling following an injury. He is most likely displaying signs consistent with an injury to:

A) the primary bronchi.
B) the capsule.
C) the meniscus.
D) the cruciate ligament.

Question 18

Feelings of locking are associated with injuries to:

A) neurons.
B) cartilages.
C) ligaments.
D) muscles.

Question 19

Which of the following does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A) Varus stress
B) Valgus stress
C) Posterior movement of the femur during weight bearing
D) Anterior movement of the femur during weight bearing

Question 20

In football players, the hamstring muscles should have _____ percent of the strength of the quadriceps muscles.

A) 40-55
B) 50-60
C) 60-70
D) 70-85

Question 21

Most injuries to the medial collateral ligament result from blows to the:

A) medial aspect of the knee.
B) lateral aspect of the knee.
C) anterior aspect of the knee.
D) posterior aspect of the knee.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of a lateral collateral ligament sprain?

A) It involves an audible pop followed by immediate disability, causing the injured person to complain that the knee feels like it is coming apart.
B) It results in localized swelling above the knee that is similar to a balloon.
C) It most often occurs either as a result of a laterally directed varus force from the medial side or from medial rotation of the tibia.
D) It requires arthroscopic surgery for the removal of a portion of the meniscus.

Question 23

Which of the following is most likely to injure the medial meniscus?

A) A varus force
B) Hyperextension
C) A valgus force
D) A valgus force with rotation

Question 24

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a patellar dislocation?

A) The knee is flexed and internally rotated.
B) The foot is planted and the knee is in valgus.
C) The knee is extended and externally rotated.
D) The athlete cuts in the same direction as his or her weight-bearing foot.

Question 25

Which of the following is a cause of chondromalacia patella?

A) Subluxating patella
B) Abnormal patellar movement
C) Varus deformity at the knee
D) Fracture of the patella

Question 26

A patella usually dislocates in what direction?

A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Anterior
D) Posterior

Question 27

_____ is a condition common to the rapidly growing immature adolescent's knee. It is commonly caused by the repeated pull of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle on the front of the tibia.

A) Chondromalacia patella
B) Patellar tendinosis
C) Osgood-Schlatter disease
D) Graves-Basedow disease

Question 28

After a first-time patellar dislocation, the athlete is commonly immobilized for a minimum of how many weeks?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 29

Which type of brace can be used for patellar tendinosis?

A) A functional brace
B) A prophylactic brace
C) A neoprene sleeve
D) A tenodesis strap

Question 30

The quadricep muscles' primary job is to:

A) flex the knee.
B) rotate the knee.
C) flex the hip.
D) extend the knee.

Question 31

Which of the following structures have the responsibility of cushioning the knee during impact activity?

A) Cruciate ligaments
B) Menisci
C) Femoral condyles
D) Collateral ligaments

Question 32

Which of the following most often occurs in athletes with weakness in the quadriceps muscle group or in female athletes who have a wider pelvis?

A) Osgood-Schlatter disease
B) Patellofemoral syndrome
C) An anterior cruciate ligament tear
D) A medial collateral ligament tear

Question 33

A plica is a thickened fold of synovial membrane lining the inside of the joint capsule.

Question 34

During a varus stress test, the examiner tests the lateral collateral ligament by holding the ankle firmly with one hand while placing the other over the medial joint line.

Question 35

In general, the posterior cruciate ligament stops excessive rotation, stabilizes the knee in full extension, and prevents hyperextension.

Question 36

The medial meniscus is prone to disruption by valgus and torsional forces.

Question 37

Both varus and valgus stress tests should be performed with the knee in a fully extended position.

Question 38

When performing the Apley's compression test, a medial meniscus tear can be detected by internal rotation of the tibia and a lateral meniscus tear can be detected by external rotation of the leg.

Question 39

Most patellar fractures are the result of indirect trauma in which a severe pull of the patellar tendon occurs against the femur when the knee is semiflexed.

Question 40

An acute patellar dislocation is often associated with the sudden twisting of the body while the foot or feet are planted.

Question 41

For a grade 3 medial collateral ligament sprain, the recommended treatment is surgical repair followed by vigorous rehabilitation.

Question 42

Proper physical conditioning is a critical component of preventing knee injuries.

Question 43

The extensor mechanism of the knee consists of the quadriceps muscle group, the patellar tendon, the patella located within that tendon, and the tibial tubercle.

Question 44

Swelling in the back of the knee may be a sign of a Baker's cyst.

Question 45

One of the characteristics of a grade 3 medial collateral ligament sprain is a definite loss of passive range of motion.

Question 46

A grade 3 medial collateral ligament sprain usually presents with some valgus instability at full extension and significant opening at 30 degrees of flexion.

Question 47

An injury to the lateral collateral ligament most often occurs either as a result of a laterally directed varus force from the medial side or from medial rotation of the tibia.

Question 48

The medial meniscus is much more commonly torn or injured than the lateral meniscus.

Question 49

Jumper's knee is tendinitis of the hamstring tendon caused by repeated landing stress.

Question 50

Abnormal tracking of the patella that results in chondromalacia usually occurs in the medial direction.