Deck 10: Nutritional Supplements and Ergongenic Aids

Question 1

Which of following forms the basis for the government's regulation of dietary supplements?

A) Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
B) United States Department of Agriculture Supplement Guide
C) Healthy Supplement Implementation Bill
D) Food and Drug Administration Best Practices Act

Answer 1

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)

Question 2

Which of the following correctly characterizes an adulterated substance?

A) A substance that has been enhanced to promote its beneficial effects.
B) A substance that is synthetically produced.
C) A substance that has been deemed unsafe due to significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury.
D) A substance that, when combined with another product, may pose risk to consumers.

Answer 2

A substance that has been deemed unsafe due to significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury.

Question 3

Which of the following claims meets appropriate guidelines to be placed on the packaging of a supplement?

A) Vitamin E prevents Alzheimer's disease.
B) Fish oil reduces risk of heart disease.
C) Vitamin A prevents night blindness.
D) Vitamin C enhances immune system function.

Answer 3

Vitamin C enhances immune system function.

Question 4

Which organization provides voluntary testing and labeling for products that meet their quality guidelines?

A) United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
D) United States Supplement Regulatory Agency (USSRA)

Question 5

Marie, a 40-year-old kindergarten teacher who is slightly overweight and borderline hypertensive, would like to take a weight-loss supplement to help her reach her goal of losing 10 pounds. What recommendation would you make to Marie?

A) She should select a weight-loss supplement that is labeled "thermogenic," as these tend to be safer.
B) She should consult with her physician before taking any weight-loss supplement because of her hypertension.
C) She should select a weight-loss supplement that consists of only natural substances.
D) Weight-loss supplements are never recommended as all are unsafe.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best summarizes the research related to vitamin supplementation?

A) No significant health benefits have been shown with vitamin supplementation.
B) Supplementation of vitamins E and C has been shown to decrease in heart disease in men.
C) A multivitamin supplement has been shown to decrease risk of cancer and heart disease in women.
D) Vitamin E and selenium supplementation can decrease the risk of prostate cancer.

Question 7

What is an isoflavone?

A) An antioxidant that is found in plants and is often added to supplements.
B) The isolated form of a specific protein that makes it more easily digestible.
C) A phytoestrogen that mimics estrogen and that is often combined with protein to make soy isolate.
D) A filler added to a multivitamin to promote digestibility.

Question 8

A patient with a history of heart disease and depression is looking for natural ways to decrease and minimize the impact of these conditions. Which of the following recommendations are appropriate for this patient?

A) Increase consumption of cold-water fish such as cod, tuna, and mackerel, or discuss omega-3 supplementation with a physician.
B) Increase consumption of soy-containing food products like soy nuts or edamame.
C) Add a soy isolate shake to the daily eating plan.
D) Purchase a fish oil supplement to take with meals.

Question 9

Which organization is responsible for monitoring and producing the list of currently banned substances that is utilized by all major organizations?

A) International Olympic Committee
B) National Center for Drug Free Sport
C) World Anti-Doping Agency
D) United States Olympic Committee

Question 10

What practice is characterized by ingesting a substance for the express purpose of enhancing performance?

A) Supplementing
B) Nutritional enhancement
C) Boosting
D) Doping

Question 11

Sam, an elite junior Olympic sprinter, was banned from his sport for a year after testing positive for a banned substance, which resulted from taking a supplement that was contaminated. In his appeal, what defense can Sam take?

A) False positive
B) Inadvertent doping
C) Guilt by ignorance
D) Violation of manufacturing policy

Question 12

Why should consumers exercise caution when purchasing any product that claims to boost muscle mass?

A) Muscle building cannot occur without supplementation of additional protein.
B) Muscle-building products may be contaminated with anabolic steroids.
C) Muscle-building products tend to contain stimulants.
D) Muscle-building products are commonly water based, and therefore the majority of the product ingested is excreted in urine and sweat.

Question 13

Which type of supplement is commonly abused by athletes in sports with weight requirements?

A) Hormones
B) Anabolic steroids
C) Botanicals
D) Diuretics

Question 14

A wrestler would like to select a whey supplement to provide additional protein for the purpose of gaining muscle mass. Which of the following forms of whey provide the highest percentage of protein?

A) Whey protein isolate
B) Whey protein powder
C) Whey protein concentrate
D) Whey protein isoflavone

Question 15

Which type of protein supplement provides extended release of the protein over several hours after ingestion?

A) Amino acid
B) Casein
C) Whey isolate
D) Whey concentrate

Question 16

What recommendation should be made to a recreational athlete who is interested in supplementing with branched-chain amino acids?

A) Food sources of protein and amino acids may provide basically the same effects at a fraction of the cost.
B) Amino acid supplementation is most effective just prior to an endurance workout.
C) Research is showing conclusive evidence of the ergogenic effects of amino acid supplementation.
D) Little is known about the role that branched-chain amino acids play in muscle building.

Question 17

Which supplement has been shown to increase the body's ability to build muscle mass when combined with intense resistance-training workouts without significant risk of side effects?

A) Dehydroepiandrosterone
B) Androstenedione
C) Creatine
D) Casein

Question 18

Which of the following athletes should exercise caution and consult a physician prior to utilizing a creatine supplement?

A) Football player with no significant family history
B) Soccer player with lactose intolerance
C) Sprinter with history of stress fractures
D) Wrestler with one kidney

Question 19

Which of the following resources would provide the most valid and unbiased information for assessing the credibility of a nutritional supplement?

A) The World Anti-Doping Agency
B) Governmental agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration or the Office of Dietary Supplements
C) International Olympic Committee
D) Research I institution

Question 20

Who is the best person to help a patient evaluate the risks and benefits of taking a specific nutritional supplement?

A) Primary care physician
B) Allied health care provider
C) Strength and conditioning specialist
D) Coach

Question 21

How should an allied health care professional best manage a client who is using a nutritional supplement?

A) The allied health care professional should leave that conversation to the client and his or her physician.
B) The allied health care professional should request regular blood work to monitor for any possible side effects.
C) The allied health care professional should check in with the client regularly regarding efficacy and any noted side effects.
D) The allied health care professional should make regular recommendations on increasing or decreasing dosage.

Question 22

Which of the following are regulated by the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) instituted by the Food and Drug Administration? Select all that apply.

A) The design and construction of physical plants that facilitate maintenance
B) Cleaning
C) Proper manufacturing operations
D) Guaranteeing the product has no health risks
E) Ensuring independent research is used to test the product safety
F)
Handling consumer complaints
G)Maintaining records

Question 23

Which of the following is a goal of the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) instituted by the Food and Drug Administration? Select all that apply.

A) Ensure that all supplements are safe for consumer intake.
B) Prevent inclusion of incorrect ingredients in the product.
C) Outline the impact that the supplement will have on health.
D) Prevent contaminants in the product.
E) Minimize mislabeling.

Question 24

Which of the following correctly characterize(s) the recommendations related to consumption of soy products? Select all that apply.

A) Early studies indicated soy isolates decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure.
B) The American Heart Association retracted the claim that soy proteins and isoflavones have significant cardiovascular benefits.
C) The 1999 claim by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that soy protein is linked to cardiovascular benefits remains in place.
D) Whole-food soy products are recommended as opposed to soy isolates.
E) Food manufacturers and consumers responded to early research with increased offerings and consumption of soy products.

Question 25

Which options are health benefits associated with the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids? Select all that apply.

A) Reduced disability from depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) Decreased risk of breast cancer
C) Decreased risk of colon cancer
D) Improved brain development in fetuses and young children
E) Decreased risk of heart disease

Question 26

What are major drawbacks of herbal (botanical) supplements in lieu of medicine? Select all that apply.

A) Herbal supplements are more costly than many generic medicines.
B) Herbal supplements are difficult to find.
C) Health effects of herbal supplements are not as clearly identified.
D) Herbal supplements are not as closely regulated and therefore risk adulteration and contamination.
E) Herbal supplements have more associated side effects.

Question 27

Why are the stimulants ephedrine, sibutramine, and methylhexaneamine commonly involved in claims of inadvertent doping? Select all that apply.

A) Labeling often contains unrecognizable names.
B) Alternate names for the substances are not included on the banned substances list.
C) Herbal supplements are not typically banned.
D) These substances used to be considered legal.
E) Manufacturers are not required to list all ingredients on the label.

Question 28

Which of the following serious adverse effects are associated with anabolic steroid use? Select all that apply.

A) Increase in muscle mass and strength not proportional to body frame
B) Rage
C) Increase in cardiovascular endurance not proportional to heart or lung size
D) Hypertension
E) Gynecomastia

Question 29

A rookie in the National Basketball Association (NBA) would like to increase his size and strength to be more competitive at training camp. He asks about using androstenedione. What information should be shared with this athlete? Select all that apply.

A) Research shows that androstenedione is effective in increasing muscle size and strength.
B) Androstenedione is not currently banned by the NBA.
C) Androstenedione has no proven negative side effects.
D) Androstenedione is more effective than a sound nutrition and resistance training program.
E) Taking androstenedione can result in a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and baldness.

Question 30

Which of the following effects are noted in athletes who use stimulants to enhance performance? Select all that apply.

A) Increased appetite
B) Increased muscle mass
C) Increased heart rate
D) Increased cardiac output
E) Increased glucose availability

Question 31

Which of the following effects are attributed to caffeine use during exercise? Select all that apply.

A) Enhanced speed in endurance events
B) Negative impact on water-electrolyte imbalances
C) Reduced heat tolerance
D) Decreased perceived exertion during exercise
E) Less fatigue noted with high-intensity exercise

Question 32

What are some of the negative effects associated with chronic caffeine use? Select all that apply.

A) Hypertension
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Forgetfulness
D) Withdrawal symptoms
E) Insomnia

Question 33

Research supports supplementation of folic acid in pregnant women.

Question 34

Most hormones are strictly banned as performance-enhancing supplements.

Question 35

Performance-enhancing effects of caffeine use are stronger in chronic caffeine users.

Question 36

Explain the process by which caffeine physiologically crosses the blood-brain barrier and creates the stimulant effects associated with its consumption.

Question 37

Identify the key steps that an allied health care provider should take when evaluating a nutritional supplement.

Question 38

Match the indication with its herbal supplement.

-Cardiovascular health

A) Ginkgo biloba
B) Saint-John's-wort
C) Echinacea
D) Flaxseed

Question 39

Match the indication with its herbal supplement.

-Memory

A) Ginkgo biloba
B) Saint-John's-wort
C) Echinacea
D) Flaxseed

Question 40

Match the indication with its herbal supplement.

-Immune system

A) Ginkgo biloba
B) Saint-John's-wort
C) Echinacea
D) Flaxseed

Question 41

Match the indication with its herbal supplement.

-Cold symptoms

A) Ginkgo biloba
B) Saint-John's-wort
C) Echinacea
D) Flaxseed

Question 42

Match the indication with its herbal supplement.

-Depression

A) Ginkgo biloba
B) Saint-John's-wort
C) Echinacea
D) Flaxseed