Deck 8: Exercise, Thermoregulation, and Fluid Balance

Question 1

What effect will be seen in the urine of a person who is dehydrated?

A) It will be diluted.
B) It will be concentrated.
C) No change will be seen.
D) No urination will occur.

Answer 1

It will be concentrated.

Question 2

What condition results when the body loses heat faster than it is able to generate it?

A) Hypothermia
B) Hyperthermia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hyperglycemia

Answer 2

Hypothermia

Question 3

Which of the following persons is more likely to suffer from hyponatremia?

A) 10-year-old male
B) 17-year-old female
C) 30-year-old female
D) 70-year-old male

Answer 3

70-year-old male

Question 4

Which of the following items can increase urine output and delay rehydration when consumed in relatively large amounts, especially during the postexercise recovery period?

A) Caffeine
B) Fats
C) Alcohol
D) Protein

Question 5

An elite runner who lives and trains in Colorado is traveling to Florida to participate in an international competition. When should she plan to arrive in Florida to make sure that she is acclimated for the change in environment?

A) 1 to 2 days before the event
B) 7 days before the event
C) 14 days before the event
D) 1 month before the event

Question 6

Which of the following would be the most accurate way for an athlete to measure euhydration?

A) Urine specific gravity of less than 1.020 g/mL on first urine void of the day
B) Urine glucose value of 40 mg/dL at any urine void
C) Urine protein value of 18 mg/dL or less on first urine void of the day
D) Urine ketone value greater than 5 mg/dL at any urine void

Question 7

In research conducted on marathon runners, what factor proved to be the best predictor of hyponatremia?

A) Gender of the runner
B) Weight gain at the end of the race
C) Time in which the race was completed
D) Body mass

Question 8

A recreational runner completes her first 10K race in a personal best time of 55 minutes. She stops just past the finish line, begins to feel dizzy and weak, and then collapses. What is the most likely cause of her collapse, and what treatment should be provided?

A) Hyponatremia; provide fluids and monitor vital signs
B) Hypoglycemia; provide sugar and monitor blood sugar
C) Postural hypotension; elevate the legs above the heart and consult with the physician covering the race
D) Rhabdomyloysis; transport immediately to the local emergency room

Question 9

What is the recommended treatment for an athlete who is dehydrated but conscious, cognizant, not demonstrating any type of gastrointestinal upset, and not at risk for hyponatremia?

A) Intravenous fluids
B) Intravenous sodium and electrolyte replacement
C) Immediate core temperature cooling
D) Oral fluids

Question 10

An athlete is training twice daily for a triathlon. The morning workout is at 8 a.m. and the evening workout is at 5 p.m. At what time would you recommend that this athlete begin a prehydration routine for the second workout?

A) 10
B) Noon.
C) 1 p.m.
D) Prehydration is not required.

Question 11

What recommendation would you make to an athlete who is participating in a full-weekend soccer training camp?

A) Consume 12 ounces of a sports drink every 2 hours for 2 to 3 days prior to the camp.
B) Limit carbohydrate consumption to less than 40% of total calories in the week prior to camp to avoid bloating.
C) Put a little extra salt on food for 2 to 3 days prior to the camp.
D) Limit fat and protein consumption to no more than 60% of total calories for 2 to 3 days prior to camp.

Question 12

What should the carbohydrate (CHO) content be in beverages utilized during exercise in order to avoid any issues with gastric emptying?

A) 6% to 8% CHO content
B) 10% to 12% CHO content
C) 25% to 30% CHO content
D) 50% to 55% CHO content

Question 13

Which of the following are physiological functions of water? Select all that apply.

A) Accelerating digestion
B) Regulating body temperature
C) Protecting vital organs
D) Promoting nutrient absorption
E) Maintaining high blood volume

Question 14

Which of the following factors can influence the body's water volume? Select all that apply.

A) Food and drink consumed
B) Water loss from breathing
C) Fat mass
D) Sweat rate
E) Urine and feces excretion

Question 15

Which of the following methods does the body use to regulate temperature? Select all that apply.

A) Superficial direction of warm blood
B) Decreased heart rate and stroke volume
C) Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels
D) Increased sweat production
E) Decreased diuresis

Question 16

What physiological effects occur when the core body temperature drops below its ideal range? Select all that apply.

A) Shivering.
B) Hypothalamus triggers pancreas to release insulin.
C) Blood vessels that supply the periphery dilate.
D) Blood vessels that supply the core dilate.
E) Antidiuretic hormone is released.

Question 17

What physiological effects occur when the body experiences cold stress? Select all that apply.

A) Blood is shunted superficially to promote shivering.
B) Urine production is increased.
C) Incentive to drink is minimized.
D) Risk of hyponatremia increases.
E) Respiratory fluid loss increases.

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describe gender differences related to hydration status? Select all that apply.

A) Women have a lower metabolic rate during exercise.
B) The amount of water and electrolytes retained by the kidney during exercise is about the same regardless of gender.
C) Men have lower electrolyte losses than women during exercise.
D) Men are at greater risk of developing hyponatremia.
E) Women have lower sweat rates than men during exercise.

Question 19

Which of the following factors impact sweat rate? Select all that apply.

A) Body size
B) Genetic predisposition
C) Gender
D) Training environment
E) Intensity and duration of activity

Question 20

Which of the following factors could increase sweat rate significantly enough that the likelihood of dehydration might occur during a training session? Select all that apply.

A) Exercising at a high intensity for a long period of time
B) Exercising in cool but humid conditions
C) Exercise in long sleeves made of a breathable material
D) Exercising in a helmet and shoulder pads
E) Exercising in hot and/or humid conditions

Question 21

Which of the following factors may result in decreased fluid intake significant enough to lead to dehydration? Select all that apply.

A) Dislike of the taste of the available beverage
B) Inaccessibility
C) Inability to tolerate high fluid intake without experiencing gastrointestinal upset
D) Lack of education
E) Inappropriate temperature of fluid consumed

Question 22

Which of the following athletes are at risk of beginning an exercise session already dehydrated? Select all that apply.

A) Wrestler preparing to qualify for a weight class
B) Body builder participating in a competition in the next few days
C) Long-distance swimmer
D) Football player participating in regular season practices
E) Track sprinter participating in four different events

Question 23

Which of the following should be included in postexercise hydration protocols? Select all that apply.

A) Protein to maximize lean tissue loss
B) Caffeine to promote increased absorption of fluids
C) Water to restore hydration
D) Carbohydrates to replenish glycogen stores
E) Electrolytes to speed rehydration

Question 24

A person with a higher body fat percentage will carry a higher percentage of their body weight as water.

Question 25

Children are at increased risk of heat illness compared to adults.

Question 26

Moderate caffeine intake of as little as 240 mg/day, or approximately 2 cups of coffee, can lead to dehydration due to its diuretic effects but may also provide a performance benefit.

Question 27

Mild dehydration, or a 1% to 2% loss of body weight during an exercise session, is considered to be normal and should not raise significant concern.

Question 28

Dehydration characterized by a loss of greater than 2% body weight will have a significant impact on muscular strength and anaerobic function.

Question 29

Typical sports drinks contain adequate amounts of sodium to prevent hyponatremia for athletes participating in events that last longer than 2 hours.

Question 30

Heat cramps have traditionally been attributed to ________. However, current research suggests that muscle cramps are more likely the result of __________.

Question 31

In hyponatremia, a person's concentration of ____________ in the blood drops to less than 135 mmol/L.

Question 32

Create a Venn diagram that identifies the signs that are common and specific to hyponatremia and dehydration.

Question 33

Match the example with method of heat transfer appropriate .

-Cold wind blowing while an athlete is running at soccer practice.

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Evaporation

Question 34

Match the example with method of heat transfer appropriate .

-A tennis player sweating.

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Evaporation

Question 35

Match the example with method of heat transfer appropriate .

-A cross-country runner running outdoors where the temperature is less than 97.6°F.

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Evaporation

Question 36

Match the example with method of heat transfer appropriate .

-A lacrosse player sitting on the bench when removed from the game.

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Evaporation