Deck 2: Protein

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a nonessential amino acid?

A) An amino acid that must be consumed in the diet.
B) An amino acid that is used to form a low-quality protein.
C) An amino acid that limits protein synthesis.
D) An amino acid that can be made by the body from other substances.

Answer 1

An amino acid that can be made by the body from other substances.

Question 2

What is measured in a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)?

A) Quality of a protein
B) Rate at which a protein is digested
C) Percentage of a protein that is able to be digested
D) Number of amino acids contained in a protein

Answer 2

Quality of a protein

Question 3

An egg has a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) score of 1. What can you infer from this score?

A) An egg provides 100% of all essential amino acids.
B) An egg provides 10% of the body's daily protein needs.
C) An egg is a good example of an incomplete protein.
D) An egg provides one essential amino acid.

Answer 3

An egg provides 100% of all essential amino acids.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of complementary proteins?

A) Green beans and pimentos
B) Carrots and ranch dressing
C) Rice and black beans
D) Tomatoes and cucumbers

Question 5

A lactose intolerant athlete would like to supplement his diet with whey protein. What form of whey protein is recommended?

A) Whey protein powder
B) Whey protein isolate
C) Whey protein concentrate
D) Whey protein with casein

Question 6

When the body sees or smells food, the hormone ________ stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. This rapid increase in stomach acid triggers the release of the enzyme _______, which further breaks down the peptide bonds between amino acids.

A) Gastrin; pepsin
B) Salivary amylase; gastrin
C) Trypsin; peptic acid
D) Trypsinogen; trypsin

Question 7

Sally is a triathlete working with a dietician who recommends that 20% of the 2,500 calories Sally consumes each day should come from protein. How many grams of protein should Sally consume?

A) 100 g
B) 125 g
C) 300 g
D) 625 g

Question 8

Protein consumption above _____ is unlikely to result in additional muscle gains.

A) 1 g/kg/day
B) 1.6 g/kg/day
C) 2 g/kg/day
D) 2.4 g/kg/day

Question 9

What mechanism contributes to the initial weight loss in high-protein/low-carbohydrate diets such as Atkins or South Beach?

A) Diuretic effect of low carbohydrate consumption
B) Increase in percentage of lean muscle mass
C) Glycogen sparing and storage
D) Proteolytic metabolism

Question 10

Although amino acid supplementation is not recommended due to inconsistent research findings, which type of amino acid supplementation has shown enhanced endurance, delayed fatigue, and increased protein synthesis when taken in conjunction with an exercise program?

A) Dipeptide amino acids
B) Tripeptide amino acids
C) Deaminated amino acids
D) Branched-chain amino acids

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes denaturation? Select all that apply.

A) Destroys the structure of the protein, leaving only individual amino acids
B) Facilitated by the hydrochloric acid in the stomach
C) Can be accomplished through food preparation, like marinating a meat in a citrus marinade
D) Facilitates digestion as it makes the protein more available to digestive enzymes

Question 12

In which of the following situations would a positive protein balance be important? Select all that apply.

A) During recovery from an illness or injury
B) In the hours just before an endurance race
C) During pregnancy
D) During childhood

Question 13

How do protein recommendations differ for vegetarians compared to those for the general population? Select all that apply.

A) Vegetarians should consume about 10% more grams of protein than recommended for the general population.
B) Vegetarians should consume a variety of complementary proteins.
C) Vegetarians are required to consume soy as it is a complete protein.
D) Vegetarians should consume a higher percentage of carbohydrates to make up for the deficit of animal products.

Question 14

Amino acids have both anabolic and catabolic functions.

Question 15

Excess protein consumed is stored in the muscle tissue.

Question 16

Place the following types of whey protein from first to last in order of protein content.
_____ 1. Whey concentrate
_____ 2. Whey powder
_____ 3. Whey isolate

Question 17

Place the following components of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in order from first to last.
_____ 1. Alanine is deaminated in the liver into pyruvate and nitrogen.
_____ 2. Nitrogen enters the urea cycle.
_____ 3. The branched-chain amino acid is transaminated in the muscle.
_____ 4. Pyruvate enters gluconeogenesis.
_____ 5. The carbon skeleton is used to make energy, glucose, or fat, and the nitrogen is used to make the nonessential amino acid alanine.

Question 18

Why might a person whose diet lacks high-quality proteins find that they are frequently sick?

Question 19

Explain why an endurance athlete consuming a diet high in protein but insufficient in carbohydrates might find themselves in a negative protein (nitrogen) balance and not experience muscle growth.

Question 20

Match the appropriate population group with recommended protein intakes based on the recommendations from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dieticians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

-Samantha, a stay-at-home mother of two toddlers

A) 0.8 g/kg/day
B) 1.2 to 2 g/kg/day
C) 0.88 g/kg/day
D) 2.1 to 2.9 g/kg/day

Question 21

Match the appropriate population group with recommended protein intakes based on the recommendations from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dieticians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

-Roy, a football running back

A) 0.8 g/kg/day
B) 1.2 to 2 g/kg/day
C) 0.88 g/kg/day
D) 2.1 to 2.9 g/kg/day

Question 22

Match the appropriate population group with recommended protein intakes based on the recommendations from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dieticians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

-Shelby, a marathon runner

A) 0.8 g/kg/day
B) 1.2 to 2 g/kg/day
C) 0.88 g/kg/day
D) 2.1 to 2.9 g/kg/day

Question 23

Match the appropriate population group with recommended protein intakes based on the recommendations from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dieticians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

-Miranda, a vegan walker

A) 0.8 g/kg/day
B) 1.2 to 2 g/kg/day
C) 0.88 g/kg/day
D) 2.1 to 2.9 g/kg/day

Question 24

Match the appropriate population group with recommended protein intakes based on the recommendations from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dieticians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

-Steve, an accountant who is training to swim the English Channel

A) 0.8 g/kg/day
B) 1.2 to 2 g/kg/day
C) 0.88 g/kg/day
D) 2.1 to 2.9 g/kg/day