Deck 1: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which type of monosaccharide do body cells use for energy?

A) Fructose
B) Glucose
C) Galactose
D) Lactose

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

In what form does the body store carbohydrates?

A) Glycogen
B) Fat
C) Cellulite
D) Amylopectin

Answer 2

Glycogen

Question 3

Which of the following is a naturally occurring, plant-based, noncaloric sweetener?

A) Stevia
B) Sorbitol
C) Saccharin
D) Neotame

Answer 3

Stevia

Question 4

Which type of carbohydrate is structurally composed of a chain of three to ten simple sugars?

A) Amylose
B) Galactose
C) Amylopectin
D) Oligosaccharide

Question 5

Which type of starch is easily digested?

A) Amylose
B) Amylopectin
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen

Question 6

What deficiency will cause the painful gastrointestinal symptoms associated with lactose intolerance?

A) Alpha-dextrinase deficiency
B) Pancreatic amylase deficiency
C) Lactase deficiency
D) Trehelase deficiency

Question 7

Approximately how many grams of glycogen can the body store for energy use?

A) 90 g
B) 150 g
C) 240 g
D) 500 g

Question 8

What organ produces the enzymes responsible for maintaining blood sugar levels within normal limits?

A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Gallbladder
D) Small intestine

Question 9

According to acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs), how many grams of carbohydrates should be consumed daily by an athlete consuming a 3,000-calorie diet?

A) 130 to 200 g/day
B) 225 to 325 g/day
C) 338 to 488 g/day
D) 500 to 650 g/day

Question 10

What is the glycemic load (GL) of a small orange (15 g carbohydrates [CHO]) with a glycemic index (GI) of 40?

A) 2.2
B) 4.5
C) 6
D) 8.25

Question 11

What is the best way for an athlete to spare protein and avoid gluconeogenesis?

A) Limit glycogen stores.
B) Consume only water during training sessions in excess of 45 min in duration.
C) Consume high amounts of fiber on training days.
D) Consume adequate carbohydrates to fuel performance.

Question 12

What type of bond joins monosaccharides together to form disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides?

A) Glycosidic bond
B) Glucogenic bond
C) Carbon double bond
D) Glycerol bond

Question 13

Which of the following is a benefit attributed to fructooligosaccharides that are found naturally in some fruits and vegetable and are commercially produced as reduced-calorie sweeteners?

A) Increased triglyceride levels
B) Relief of constipation
C) Decreased glycogen storage
D) Increased amino acid production

Question 14

Which enzyme begins the process of carbohydrate digestion?

A) Pancreatic amylase
B) Insulin
C) Salivary amylase
D) Glucagon

Question 15

What substance is released by the pancreas into the duodenum to create a more alkaline environment to allow the digestive enzymes to perform their assigned functions in carbohydrate digestion?

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Pancreatic amylase
D) Bicarbonate

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes what happens after digested sugars are delivered to the liver through the portal system? Select all that apply.

A) Fructose and galactose are converted to glucose.
B) Glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the pancreas for later use.
C) Glucose enters the bloodstream based on body needs.
D) Glucose is converted to fat based on body needs.

Question 17

Which of the following are considered health benefits associated with high-viscosity fiber consumption? Select all that apply.

A) Increased feeling of fullness
B) Decreased fat absorption
C) Decreased cholesterol levels
D) Decreased insulin resistance

Question 18

All types of carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram.

Question 19

Research indicates that consuming foods with a lower glycemic load may offer significant health benefits, including weight control and decreased risk of diabetes and heart disease.

Question 20

The average American consumes and exceeds the daily recommendations for fiber intake.

Question 21

Place the steps of carbohydrate digestion in order. (1 to 10)
_____ 1. Enzyme action is inhibited due to acidic environment, and bolus is converted to chyme.
_____ 2. Chyme passes into the duodenum, and pancreatic enzymes help to break glycosidic bonds.
_____ 3. Salivary amylase begins to break polysaccharides into oligosaccharides and disaccharides.
_____ 4. Bolus moves into the stomach.
_____ 5. Brush border enzymes break carbohydrates into monosaccharides, and absorption occurs into the microvilli.
_____ 6. Undigested carbohydrates move into the large intestine.
_____ 7. Chyme passes into the jejunum and ileum.
_____ 8. Some fiber is partially digested by bacteria through fermentation, and the remaining fiber is excreted.
_____ 9. Monosaccharides absorbed into the bloodstream pass through portal circulation for distribution or storage.
_____ 10. Bolus passes through the esophagus.

Question 22

Why is glycemic load a more accurate representation of the impact of a particular food on blood sugar response than glycemic index?