Deck 6: Environmental Considerations

Question 1

Which of the following are correct steps to be taken when measuring rectal temperature?

A) Place the athlete stomach down with both legs spread apart.
B) If using a flexible digital thermometer, tape can be used to secure it in place.
C) Spread the buttocks and gently insert the thermometer 8 to 10 inches into the rectum.
D) Leave the thermometer in place for 3 mintues.
E) Cover the tip of the glass thermometer or a flexible digital thermometer with lubricating or petroleum jelly.
F) Do not hold a glass thermometer while obtaining the temperature to avoid altering the patient's temperature.

Answer 1

If using a flexible digital thermometer, tape can be used to secure it in place.
Leave the thermometer in place for 3 mintues.
Cover the tip of the glass thermometer or a flexible digital thermometer with lubricating or petroleum jelly.

Question 2

Please check all of the following signs and symptoms of hyponatremia

A) Progressively worsening headache
B) Cold hands and feet
C) Swelling in the hands and feet
D) Nausea
E) Vomiting
F) Diarrhea
G) Agitation
H) High blood sodium
I) Hyperactive
J) Apathy
K) Excessive thirst

Answer 2

Progressively worsening headache
Swelling in the hands and feet
Nausea
Vomiting
Agitation
Apathy

Question 3

Please check all of the following methods that would be useful in preventing a heat injury (Focus 6-6)

A) Acclimatize the individual to the heat within the first 24 hours
B) If an individual suffers from pallor or is cyanotic in appearance they should stop activity
C) Have the individual wear long stockings and long sleeves
D) Avoid excessive padding and taping
E) Avoid placing athletes near brick walls
F) Measure temperature and humidity on the practice or playing field
G) Identify individuals that are susceptible to heat illness
H) Have all athletes take salt tablets
I) Weigh all athletes after the final training session of the day
J) If an athlete suffers from diarrhea and nausea they should practice until they begin vomiting

Answer 3

If an individual suffers from pallor or is cyanotic in appearance they should stop activity
Avoid excessive padding and taping
Avoid placing athletes near brick walls
Measure temperature and humidity on the practice or playing field
Identify individuals that are susceptible to heat illness

Question 4

Please check all of the following items that should be included in an Emergency Action Plan pertaining to lightning safety. (Focus Box 6-7)

A) Avoid standing near metal bleachers
B) If shelter can not be found have individuals stand under umbrellas
C) Allow 20 minutes to pass after the last sound of thunder before resuming play
D) If the thunder and lightning can been seen and the flash to bang is 30 or less you should seek shelter
E) If the you feel your hair start to stand on end and skin tingle you should lie flat on the ground
F) Seek shelter in a building if lightning has been spotted
G) If no shelter is available, a car would be a good alternative
H) If no shelter is available, seeking shelter under a tree would be a good alternative
I) Individuals should avoid standing water at all times
J) A lightning detector could be used to detect a lightning storm within 5 miles and would assist in providing information in regards to a storm

Question 5

Which of the following statements are correct for recommendations for fluid replacement?

A) A 6% carbohydrate solution appears to be optimal, greater than 8% slows gastric emptying.
B) A cool, flavored beverage with a small amount of caffeine will assist in boosting energy levels.
C) For exercises that last longer than 2 hours or are intense, proper amounts of carbohydrates and electrolytes to a fluid replacement solution is recommended.
D) To ensure proper hydration, one should consume 17-20 oz of water or a sport drink 2-3 hours before exercise and then 7-10 oz 10-20 minutes before exercise.
E) During exercise, consumption of fluids should be at the rate of 10-20 ounces for every hour.

Question 6

How can this statement about heat stress be corrected?
While heat-related illnesses most often occur in hot, humid, sunny conditions, it is impossible for individuals training in cold environments to be susceptible to heat stress.

A) This statement is correct.
B) Heat-related illnessesalways occur in hot, humid, sunny conditions.
C) Cold environments are susceptible to heat stress if the sweating mechanism is inhibited due to protective equipment.
D) Heat stress is not preventable no matter the environment; it is related to the level of physical activity.
E) Cold-related heat problems occur because failure to acclimatize.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a way heat can be gained or lost through the body?

A) Radiant heat exchange
B) Conductive heat exchange
C) Metabolic heat exchange
D) Microwave heat exchange
E) Evaporative heat loss

Question 8

Is heredity considered a factor when trying to determine an individual's sweat rate?

A) Yes, along with race and gender
B) No, but height and weight, along with hydration status are
C) Yes, along with cardiac output and color of clothing
D) No, but acclimatization and fitness level are
E) Yes, along with intensity, and duration of activity and environmental conditions

Question 9

How does a high humidity level alter the sweat evaporation process and make an individual susceptible to a heat illness?

A) The extra moisture in the air that is absorbed by the body overloads the body's evaporation process.
B) Sweat is not able to evaporate because of the excessive moisture in the air, not allowing heat to be dissipated.
C) The absorbed moisture in the air increases the amount of sweat lost, dehydrating the body.
D) The combination of moisture in the air and sweat causes excessive sodium levels, shutting down the evaporation process.
E) Environmental moisture, combined with the body's sweat loss, blocks the sweat glands, disabling the ability for moisture to exit the body.

Question 10

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement from the "NATA recommendations for preventing heat illness"?

A) Ensure that appropriate medical care is available.
B) Educate athletes to balance fluid intake with sweat and urine losses to maintain adequate hydration.
C) Encourage athletes to sleep six to eight hours per night in a cool environment.
D) Minimize the amount of equipment and clothing worn in hot humid conditions.
E) Maximize warm-up time and minimize practice periods in hot humid conditions.

Question 11

Why would an athletic trainer advise an athlete to consume a little more than a 2-liter soda bottle full of water?

A) Soda is a stimulant that will help provide energy throughout the day.
B) Two-and-a-half liters of fluid is the equivalent of twenty glasses of water a day.
C) An active athlete would need to consume that much to replace the sweat-loss rate after exercising for an hour.
D) It is easier to relate consumption size to something common so the athlete will understand daily fluid intake.
E) That is how much fluid needs to be replaced for every pound lost due to sweat-rate loss.

Question 12

In preventing heat illnesses, which of the following statements should be endorsed?

A) When body weight drops by 1 - 2%, mild dehydration has already occurred.
B) A 14% carbohydrate solution appears to be optimal when trying to replace fluids.
C) An athlete should consume 17 - 20 ounces of water or a sport drink four to five hours before exercise.
D) Urine should appear clear in color, indicating low levels of ketosis.
E) Progressive exposure should occur over a five- to six-day period.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the universal wet bulb globe temperature is incorrect?

A) WBGT = 0.1 × DBT + 0.7 × WBT + GT × 0.2
B) DBT = dry bulb temperature
C) GT = black bulb temperature
D) WBGT = 0.1 × DBT + 0.7 × WBT
E) WBT = wet bulb temperature

Question 14

What is normal rectal temperature?

A) 96.8°F
B) 97.6°F
C) 98.6°F
D) 99.6°F
E) 101.2°F

Question 15

Which of the following heat illnesses is a syndrome that is characterized by sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle?

A) Exertional hyponatremia
B) Malignant hyperthermia
C) Exertional heatstroke
D) Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis
E) Exertional heat exhaustion

Question 16

Death for an individual is imminent when their core body temperature reaches which of the following?

A) Above 107°F or below 90°F-95°F
B) Above 105°F or below 80°F-90°F
C) Above 107°F or below 77°F-85°F
D) Above 105°F or below 85°F-90°F
E) Above 105°F or below 80°F-85°F

Question 17

What is this apparatus used to measure?

A) It is a lightning detector to detect lightning and the level of activity of the storm and its approximate distance.
B) It is a thermometer to measure rectal temperature.
C) It is a temperature gun to determine ambient temperature.
D) It is a digital psychrometer used to determine wet-bulb globe Temperature heat index.
E) It is a sling psychrometer used to determine wet-bulb temperature.

Question 18

An individual is running outside and wind is at 30 mph. What would temperature need to be at to be considered imminent for an onset of frostbite within 30 minutes?

A) 10°F
B) 5°F
C) 0°F
D) ?5°F
E) ?10°F

Question 19

A track athlete will be traveling to Alaska for two weeks for training. What advice would you give this athlete regarding their training regimen?

A) Always wear heavy clothing while out in the cold
B) Sweating does not occur in cold climates; therefore, train longer and harder
C) Wear several heavy layers once the temperature reaches below 50°F
D) The body loses most of its heat through evaporation; therefore, wear several layers of clothing.
E) Wear lightweight insulated clothing in order prevent dampness and chilling

Question 20

A soccer game is about to start when a bolt of lightning lights the sky. Thirty seconds passes before a sound is heard. Using the flash-to-bang theory approximately how many miles away is the storm?

A) 3 miles
B) 4 miles
C) 5 miles
D) 6 miles
E) 7 miles

Question 21

Which of the following organs can rupture with a Sickle cell trait reaction?

A) liver
B) lungs
C) gallbladder
D) spleen
E) kidney

Question 22

In order to minimize jet lag for an athletic team having to travel from New York to Europe, which of the following options would be the best advice?

A) Drink lots of caffeine
B) Stay awake as long as possible in order to rest during the flight
C) Eat the heaviest meal for dinner
D) Train late in the day
E) Consume plenty of fluids

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding synthetic turf versus natural surfaces are correct?

A) According to literature synthetic surfaces are more likely to cause injury than natural surfaces
B) According to literature natural surfaces are more likely to cause injury than synthetic surfaces
C) According to literature turf toe injuries are prevalent.
D) According to literature synthetic surfaces are 3 times more likely to cause injury than natural surfaces
E) According to literature natural surfaces are 3 times more likely to cause injury than synthetic surfaces