Deck 14: Infectious Diseases, Bloodborne Pathogens, and Universal Precautions

Question 1

Choose ONLY the signs/symptoms that are shared with both HBV and HCV.

A) Jaundice
B) Dark urine
C) Fever
D) Weakness
E) Abdominal pain
F) Nausea
G) Muscle and joint pain

Answer 1

Jaundice
Dark urine
Abdominal pain
Nausea

Question 2

Which of the following statements about pathogens is incorrect?

A) A pathogen causes the immune system to mount a defensive mechanism or disrupts a vital body process.
B) When a microorganism is transmitted from an animal host to a human host it becomes a harmful pathogen.
C) Transmission of an infectious disease does not have to have direct human contact.
D) When a pathogen enters the new host, it may not actually cause an infection.
E) Once the final stage of recovery has occurred, the body has built a permanent immunity to that pathogen.

Answer 2

Once the final stage of recovery has occurred, the body has built a permanent immunity to that pathogen.

Question 3

What is the role of the T-cell in the immune system?

A) T-cells activate macrophages to assist in the immune response.
B) T-cells are transformed into specialized cells capable of producing antibodies.
C) T-cells are a complex cellular defense that assist in the destruction of antigens.
D) T-cells neutralize antigens by lysis and phagocytosis.
E) T-cells prevent antigens from adhering to host cells.

Answer 3

T-cells are a complex cellular defense that assist in the destruction of antigens.

Question 4

If a disease outbreak of a regular number of cases occurred often in the southeast region of the United States, what would it be classified as?

A) Sporadic outbreak
B) Endemic outbreak
C) Epidemic outbreak
D) Pandemic outbreak
E) Erratic outbreak

Question 5

Which of the following actions is the single most important practice for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

A) Practicing abstinence
B) Wearing latex gloves
C) Vaccinations
D) Handwashing
E) Sneezing / coughing into the sleeve

Question 6

When educating secondary school athletes, what environment poses the greatest risk of acquiring HBV or HIV?

A) Off-the-field activities
B) Locker rooms
C) On-the-field exposure
D) Cafeteria
E) Bathrooms

Question 7

Which of the following questions should be excluded when identifying increased risk behaviors that may lead to HIV infection?

A) Have you had more than one sex partner since your last HIV test?
B) Have you been diagnosed with or treated for hepatitis or tuberculosis (TB)?
C) Have you exchanged sex for drugs or money?
D) Have you travelled outside of the US where there is high risk of food, water, and crop contamination?
E) Have you had sex-anal or vaginal-with an HIV-positive partner?

Question 8

Contaminated laundry should be washed in hot water at what ideal temperature value and period of time?

A) 65º C / 149 º F for 15 minutes
B) 68 º C / 154 º F for 20 minutes
C) 71 º C / 159.8 º F for 25 minutes
D) 74 º C / 165.2 º F for 30 minutes
E) 77 º C / 170.6 º F for 25 minutes

Question 9

What governing agency established standards to protect the health care provider and the patient against bloodborne pathogens?

A) CDC
B) NATA
C) FDA
D) NCAA
E) OSHA

Question 10

In the following picture, what is another PPE that the athletic trainer could use while taking care of the injury?

A) Another layer of gloves
B) Antibacterial handwash
C) Gown
D) Eye shield
E) Sterile gauze

Question 11

What right does an individual have after having been exposed to a bodily fluid?

A) The right to contact a lawyer.
B) The right of claiming Family Medical Leave Act.
C) The right of a confidential medical evaluation.
D) The right to leave work for a non-disclosed period.
E) The right to report the person who's bodily fluid was contaminated.

Question 12

During which stage of an infectious disease does the pathogenic agent continue to multiply and the host becomes capable of transferring pathogens to a new host?

A) Acute
B) Prodromal
C) Incubation
D) Decline
E) Recovery

Question 13

Which of the following cells are a part of the innate immune response?

A) CD4+ T cells
B) Plasma cells
C) B cells
D) Dendritic cells
E) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

Question 14

Which of the following occurs after activated B cells become plasma cells during the immune system's response to invading pathogens?

A) Macrophages and dendritic cells engulf the pathogens.
B) T cells become either CD4+ T helper cells or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.
C) Antibodies bind specific regions on pathogens.
D) B cells activate CD4+ cells.
E) Macrophages and dendritic cells present antigen on the surface.

Question 15

Which of the following are the most common bloodborne pathogens?

A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Parasites
D) Fungi
E) Prions

Question 16

The replication of HIV occurs in:

A) CD8+ T cells.
B) CD4+ T cells.
C) macrophages.
D) leukocytes.
E) phagocytes.

Question 17

Where should a health care professional grasp a protective glove when removing it after use?

A) Between the little finger and the ring finger
B) At the wrist
C) At the center of the palm
D) At the tip of any knuckle
E) Between the thumb and index finger

Question 18

What human physiological response is illustrated?

A) The reproducing virus in the human body
B) The attack of the HIV virus in the human body
C) The immune system response in the human body
D) The attack of the HBV virus in the human body
E) The attack of the HCV virus in the human body