Deck 12: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

Which of the following BEST describes the average distribution of housework between men and women?

A) Women do more housework than men, regardless of who works outside the home.
B) Housework is split evenly between men and women when both work outside the home.
C) Men do the majority of housework when women work outside of the home.
D) Men do more housework than women, regardless of who works outside the home.

Answer 1

Women do more housework than men, regardless of who works outside the home.

Question 2

As an expression of who people are as individuals, sexuality is comparable to which of the following traits?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) gender
C) race
D) class

Answer 2

All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 3

What term does sociologist R. W. Connell use to mean that men learn and play a range of gender roles?

A) cultural masculinities
B) multiple masculinities
C) gendered masculinities
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 3

multiple masculinities

Question 4

Based on the standard definitions of the terms sex and gender, it is easier to change one's gender than one's sex.

Question 5

Which of the following is False about the term instrumental leader as used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales?

A) It refers to the person in the family who bears responsibility for the maintenance of harmony.
B) It refers to the person in the family who focuses on more distant goals.
C) It refers to the person in the family who manages the external relationships between the family and others.
D) It refers to the person in the family who bears responsibility for completion of tasks.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the status of women throughout the world is True?

A) On average, women spend more hours per day doing unpaid labor than do men.
B) All of the statements are true.
C) Women constitute one-third of the world's paid labor force, but generally hold the lowest-paying jobs.
D) Women spend almost twice as much time on housework each day as men.

Question 7

Which of the following is True about the Yogyakarta principles?

A) They were established to ensure the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities worldwide.
B) They were established to promote the death penalty as a punishment for homosexuality in non-western nations.
C) They were established to restrict the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals.
D) They were established by alternative religious organizations in response to Christian opposition to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct according to the National Survey of Family Growth?

A) A greater number of women thought of themselves as being homosexual than did men.
B) A greater number of men thought of themselves as being bisexual than did women.
C) The number of people who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual is lower than the number who have engaged in homosexual practices.
D) The number of people who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual is higher than the number who have engaged in homosexual practices.

Question 9

According to a national survey, ______ of those polled oppose women's right to a legal abortion under all circumstances.

A) about half
B) almost all
C) none
D) a small percentage

Question 10

How is the word sex defined, in sociological terms?

A) It is a variation that occurs at the cellular level.
B) It is a variation at the anatomical level.
C) It comprises all the biological differences between males and females.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is True about sexism?

A) Sexism only refers to male prejudice and discrimination against women.
B) Sexism typically occurs only in working class communities.
C) It has increased greatly since the 1950s.
D) It is the ideology that claims one sex is superior to the other.

Question 12

What popular television show BEST demonstrates an idealized norm of chastity until marriage followed by lifelong faithfulness?

A) Seinfeld
B) Game of Thrones
C) Orange is the New Black
D) Leave it to Beaver

Question 13

Which of the following statements accurately reflects research on children's books published throughout the twentieth century?

A) Females were significantly overrepresented in central roles and illustrations.
B) Females were portrayed as competent and generally equal to males.
C) Female characters were often shown as passive and in need of strong male caretakers.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following corresponds to greater control over fertility by women?

A) an increased likelihood that the birthrate will skyrocket
B) increased opportunities for self-determination for women
C) decreased opportunities for self-determination for women
D) a decreased likelihood of extending basic human rights to women

Question 15

In a 1957 survey, the vast majority of people believed that anyone who chose to remain single was

A) "sick, neurotic, or immoral."
B) doing so for religious reasons.
C) simply lacking in opportunity.
D) "expressing their individuality."

Question 16

A man who dresses as a woman may be seen as violating appropriate

A) Both answer choices are correct.
B) gender roles.
C) sex roles.
D) Neither answer choice is correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is connected to differences in sexuality?

A) systems of ethnicity
B) systems of power
C) systems of class
D) systems of race

Question 18

A gym buys uniforms for its employees. All of the uniforms are in a men's large size, and the gym hires only people who will comfortably fit into the uniforms. As a result of this policy, the gym does not hire any women. This would be an example of

A) legal discrimination.
B) institutional discrimination.
C) gender construction.
D) the glass escalator.

Question 19

On average, how many more hours of unpaid housework and childcare do women perform per day than men?

A) 0.5 hour
B) 3 hours
C) 1 hour
D) 2 hours

Question 20

In her study of the use of the term "fag," C. J. Pascoe found that

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) the term represented a form of failed masculinity.
C) the term supported heteronormative standards.
D) the term linked homosexuality with failed masculinity.

Question 21

Which of the following nations has the lowest percentage of birth control usage among women aged 15-49 who are in a marriage or other union?

A) Japan
B) France
C) Chad
D) Germany

Question 22

Sociologists refer to the cultural presupposition that sexual relationships should exist between a man and a woman and that alternate sexualities are deviant, abnormal, or wrong, as

A) heteronormativity.
B) homophobia.
C) heterosexuality.
D) homonormativity.

Question 23

Melanie bears primary responsibility in the family for making sure that conflicts within the family are resolved and maintaining internal emotional affairs. That makes her the ______ leader of the family.

A) internal
B) instrumental
C) domestic
D) expressive

Question 24

Some research suggests that traditional gender roles may be disadvantageous to men. Which of the following pieces of evidence are cited to support this conclusion?

A) Starting in 2005-2006, more women than men earned doctoral degrees.
B) Women are more likely than men to attend college.
C) Girls outdo boys in high school, taking a larger share of leadership positions.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 25

The term "gender" can be defined as the social and cultural significance we attach to the biological differences between men and women.

Question 26

Which of the following terms describe those who appear to be one sex but identify with the gender of another?

A) bisexual
B) homosexual
C) transgender
D) transvestite

Question 27

The dimorphic model of sex asserts that the dividing line between males and females is clear and unambiguous.

Question 28

What evidence would you look for to determine whether sexuality is biologically determined or socially created? How has our view of sexuality changed over time? Are these changes for the better, or for the worse?

Question 29

Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the second shift?

A) A woman works during the day as a nurse and then has a second job working as a waitress at a local diner during the night.
B) A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for cleaning her home, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her husband.
C) A man has a career as an accountant. When he gets home, he helps his wife pick up the house and make dinner for the two of them and their children.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following is a True statement about sexuality and same-sex experiences?

A) More people identify as homosexual than had same-sex experiences.
B) Same-sex experiences tend to occur at a younger age than opposite-sex experiences.
C) Having had a same-sex experience does not necessarily result in a same-sex identity.
D) Fewer people had same-sex experiences than identify as bisexual.

Question 31

Which of the following are examples of gender variations across cultures?

A) Omani xanith
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) Indian hijras
D) Native American berdaches

Question 32

The fact that stay-at-home moms dramatically outnumber stay-at-home dads provides evidence that conventional gender-role expectations exist for men as well as for women.

Question 33

A new model of sexuality presents it as a(n)

A) personal choice.
B) social construct.
C) continuum.
D) either-or designation.

Question 34

In 2015, approximately what percentage of board of director seats globally were held by women?

A) 5 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 15 percent

Question 35

The existence of transgender individuals provides evidence that sexuality is socially constructed rather than biologically determined.

Question 36

Evaluate the methods and goals of the three waves of the feminist movement. How has the movement evolved from first to third wave? What battles remain to be fought?

Question 37

Which of the following does the term heteronormativity suggest?

A) Alternative sexualities are deviant, abnormal, and wrong.
B) Heterosexuality is the appropriate standard for sexual identity and practice.
C) Neither answer choice is correct.
D) Both answer choices are correct.

Question 38

Which of the following would be an example of third-wave feminism?

A) marching in support of the Equal Rights Amendment
B) white, upper-middle class women petitioning in support of workplace equality
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) an argument that gender cannot be understood in isolation from race or class

Question 39

Studies have shown repeatedly that the difference in income between women and men is due almost exclusively to occupational segregation.

Question 40

The term cisgender refers to people whose gender identity

A) aligns with their biological sex at birth.
B) differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
C) incorporates a full range of possible combinations.
D) may change over time and under different circumstances.

Question 41

Heteronormativity is considered a form of

A) sexism.
B) economic hegemony.
C) neocolonialism.
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 42

The existence of "female men" and "male women" in various societies around the world suggests masculinity and femininity are not genetically determined.

Question 43

In a nationwide survey of the United States, the majority of respondents said that

A) it isn't necessary for children to have a stay-at-home parent to be happy.
B) the mother should always be the parent who stays home with children.
C) the father should be the parent who stays home with children half the time.
D) if one parent stays home, it makes no difference whether it is the mother or the father.

Question 44

Differentiate between the concepts of "sex" and "gender." What does it mean to say that gender is "socially constructed"? In your view, which of the two concepts is more central to the identity of an individual?

Question 45

The term "glass ceiling" describes how

A) men consistently do less housework than women, as if held back by an invisible barrier.
B) men are held back from promotions due to affirmative action policies favoring women.
C) women and minorities face an invisible barrier that blocks their promotions.
D) pay for women remains consistently below that of men, as if held back by an invisible barrier.

Question 46

The most important accomplishment of the first wave of feminist activists was to secure a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote.

Question 47

Which of the following is False about the term feminism?

A) It incorporates a belief in affirmative action for women.
B) It incorporates a belief in economic equality for women.
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) It incorporates a belief in political equality for women.

Question 48

Which of the following is True about sexual expression?

A) It is a result of social, cultural, and historical processes.
B) It is a result of biological urges and instincts.
C) Neither answer choice is true.
D) Both answer choices are true.

Question 49

According to the Kinsey Reports, _____ percent of men had been in predominantly homosexual relationships for at least three years between ages 16 and 55, a shocking finding at the time.

A) 2
B) 30
C) 10
D) 20

Question 50

To what extent is gender inequality "natural," and to what extent is it socially created?

Question 51

Which of the following is correct about self-identification of sexuality for people between 18-44?

A) Both statements are correct.
B) Neither statement is correct.
C) Women are more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexual.
D) Men are more likely than women to identify themselves as homosexual.

Question 52

Which of the following is False about The Feminine Mystique?

A) It argued that women were cut off from valuable social, economic, and cultural resources.
B) It argued that "the problem that has no name" was a public rather than a private issue.
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) It was based on the lives of working-class women and their struggles with workplace inequality.

Question 53

Young women are the most likely category to embrace alternative sexual identities and engage in same-sex practices.

Question 54

When it comes to same-sex experiences for people under 24

A) females have a higher likelihood of having had same-sex contact.
B) females become more likely than males to have same-sex contact as they get older.
C) the likelihood of males and females having had same-sex contact is approximately the same.
D) males have a greater likelihood of having had same-sex contact.

Question 55

To what extent are men and women "socialized" into gender roles? Does it matter? Use examples from your own background to illustrate the importance of gender role socialization.

Question 56

Which view of sexual orientation is likely to become prevalent as alternative expressions of sexuality become more accepted?

A) Sexual orientation will increase as a master status.
B) Sexual orientation will decline as a master status.
C) Both answer choices are correct.
D) Neither answer choice is correct.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is True about women in U.S. politics?

A) Female governors are drastically outnumbered by male governors.
B) Both answers are true.
C) The year 2010 marked the first time the Supreme Court had three women justices at the same time.
D) Neither answer is true.

Question 58

Teen birthrates in the U.S.

A) have skyrocketed since 2007.
B) have reached record highs.
C) have reached a record lows.
D) have remained about the same since the 1970s.

Question 59

Which of the following is True about voting in presidential elections since 1980?

A) A higher percentage of men than women have voted.
B) A higher percentage of women than men have voted.
C) The gender breakdown among voters depended upon the individual election.
D) The percentage of men and women who have voted is about the same.

Question 60

Which of the following nations has the highest percentage of birth control usage among women aged 15-49 who are in a marriage or other union?

A) China
B) Germany
C) Chad
D) Norway

Question 61

Which of the following is True about a classification system that identifies sexual orientation in clear-cut terms?

A) It does not accurately reflect people's experiences.
B) It accurately reflects people's experiences.
C) It privileges the experiences of wealthy people over those of poor people.
D) It privileges a western view of sexuality.

Question 62

Drawing on the functionalist perspective, Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales maintained that families

A) should make the instrumental leader subordinate to the expressive leader.
B) should assign women to be the instrumental leader.
C) need both an instrumental and an expressive leader.
D) should occasionally alternate between having instrumental and expressive leaders.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is True concerning American women in the workforce?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) Women are underrepresented in occupations traditionally defined as "men's jobs."
C) Women experience occupational segregation that often confines them to "women's jobs."
D) More than half of all adult women are in the workforce.

Question 64

The National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) provides recent data and includes

A) information about the causes of gender dysphoria.
B) predictions about the future of sexual practices.
C) explanations for variations in sexual identity.
D) detailed information on sexual practices.

Question 65

Which of the following is correct about the psychiatric profession's approach to issues of sexual identity?

A) It labels people who are transgender and transsexual as having "gender dysphoria."
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) It regards gender identity disorders as a form of mild schizophrenia.
D) It categorized homosexuality as a psychological disorder until 1996.

Question 66

How is the word gender defined, in sociological terms?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) It comprises the social and cultural significance that we attach to the biological differences of sex.
C) It is a series of biological differences between men and women that occur at the anatomical level.
D) It is the hormonal and chromosomal differences between men and women.

Question 67

According to standpoint theory, there is an objective reality out there that we can all perceive if we adopt the same standpoint.

Question 68

The Thomas theorem suggests that, in sociological terms, our sexual identity is shaped by our

A) interactions with others.
B) early environmental influences.
C) biological factors.
D) perception of ourselves.

Question 69

What accounts for the wage gaps between men and women in the same occupation?

A) age and degree of formal education
B) years of work experience
C) marital status
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 70

Which of the following is True about alternative expressions of sexuality in the United States?

A) They have a long but largely unacknowledged history.
B) They have a long and well-known history.
C) They have virtually no history before 1960.
D) They have virtually no history before 1900.