Deck 11: Global Inequality

Question 1

The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes binding legal principles to which all signatory nations must adhere

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Most of the world's wealth is held by countries in North America, South America, and Europe.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Mexico is considered a ______ nation.

A) semicore
B) periphery
C) semiperiphery
D) core

Answer 3

semiperiphery

Question 4

Which of the following would be an example of colonialism?

A) the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
B) the continuing dependence of developing nations on the economic resources of core nations
C) the German occupation of France, Belgium, and Poland during World War II
D) French control over North Africa from the late nineteenth until the middle of the twentieth century

Question 5

Industrial nations spend money on health care and the military, resulting in which of the following benefits for the people in those nations?

A) longer life spans
B) greater security
C) better health
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 6

Since Mexican men are still typically viewed as heads of the household, which of the following has been difficult for Mexican women?

A) inheriting land in rural areas
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) obtaining technical assistance
D) obtaining credit

Question 7

The standardized measure of extreme poverty globally means living on the equivalent of how much per day?

A) $19.00
B) $1.90
C) less than $1.00
D) $9.00

Question 8

Which of the following is an NGO?

A) Credit Suisse
B) Merck Pharmaceuticals
C) Exxon
D) Amnesty International

Question 9

As of 2015 (the deadline), there was substantial progress toward reaching the UN Millennium Development Goals.

Question 10

Which of the following is a controversial practice that has been condemned by Western nations as a human rights abuse?

A) quinceañera rituals
B) male circumcision
C) ritual tattooing
D) female genital mutilation

Question 11

Which of the following is True about remittances?

A) They are the documents that Mexican aliens must receive to gain legal status in the United States.
B) They are earnings that immigrants to the United States send back to their families in Mexico.
C) They are the taxes legal Mexican aliens in the United States pay on their wages.
D) They are taxes paid to the Mexican government on money sent home by immigrants to the United States.

Question 12

Which of the following is the major reason why Mexicans risk their lives crossing the desert to get to the United States?

A) The income disparity between the two countries is great.
B) They hope to escape religious persecution.
C) The Mexican government forces people to leave the country.
D) They want to escape the slavery predominant in Mexico.

Question 13

The U.S. Human Trafficking Report has three tiers. What is a tier 3 country?

A) one that make some effort, but trafficking remains a concern
B) one that makes a significant effort
C) one that is noncompliant and makes no attempt to comply
D) one that is fully compliant

Question 14

Examine and critically analyze the assumptions underlying the modernization approach to the global economy. On what grounds does a colonial perspective question these assumptions?

Question 15

Which of the following nations is fully compliant with the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act?

A) Venezuela
B) North Korea
C) Canada
D) China

Question 16

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights set a single standard for acceptable behavior around the world, but in practice,

A) it was unnecessary.
B) it is rarely enforced.
C) it applies only to developing nations.
D) interpretation still plays a role.

Question 17

Which of the following forces is in part responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations?

A) the legacy of colonialism
B) modernization
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) neocolonialism

Question 18

Which of the following is the BEST example of a multinational corporation?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) a U.S. hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland
C) a beverage corporation that has bottling plants throughout the world
D) a Swiss bank with customers who live all over the world

Question 19

What do you understand by the concept of universal human rights? How important is it that this concept exists in the world today? How should violators of universal human rights be punished?

Question 20

Which of the following would be an example of neocolonialism?

A) the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
B) the continuing dependence of developing nations on the economic resources of core nations
C) the German occupation of France, Belgium, and Poland during World War II
D) French control over North Africa from the late nineteenth until the middle of the twentieth century

Question 21

Which group is at the top of the color hierarchy in Mexico?

A) the criollos
B) those of African descent
C) the Mexican Indians
D) the mestizos

Question 22

Critics point out that the unstated assumption of the modernization perspective is that the local, indigenous cultures around the world

A) provide an endless supply of cheap labor for Western consumer culture.
B) die off.
C) only slowly find their way on the path toward modernization.
D) all assimilate at roughly the same pace.

Question 23

Which of the following is True about human rights advocates?

A) They primarily work in conjunction with multinational corporations.
B) They emphasize that all people have universal moral rights by virtue of being human.
C) They seek to restrict the growth of globalization.
D) They refuse to condemn political violence in most situations.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is True about the obstacles women face in developing countries?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) Women are often denied educational opportunities.
C) Female children are often fed less than male children.
D) Women are often hospitalized only when they are critically ill.

Question 25

According to the modernization approach, how can multinational corporations actually help developing nations?

A) Multinationals promote rapid development through the diffusion of inventions and innovations.
B) Multinationals bring industries and jobs to the developing nation.
C) Neither answer choice is correct.
D) Both answer choices are correct.

Question 26

World systems analysis refers to

A) an opinion that world peace would result from many types of nations creating a system to interact with one another.
B) a view of global economics as a system divided between wealthy industrialized nations and developing countries under their domination.
C) the belief that proletarian nations would eventually come to dominate all bourgeois nations.
D) the view of global economics that states that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability.

Question 27

Dependency theory is defined as

A) an approach proposing that modernization and development will lessen the dependency of peripheral nations.
B) the philosophy that no nation can survive isolated from the rest of the world.
C) an approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
D) a process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.

Question 28

After being denied the opportunity to run for mayor in her hometown in 2007, Eufrosina Cruz organized QUIEGO to

A) raise awareness about political rights for women in her home state and throughout Mexico.
B) pave the way for a second chance to run for mayor.
C) fight back against the people who stood in her way.
D) raise money to fund the candidacy of a woman who had better credentials than she had.

Question 29

_____ is the world's largest independent emergency medical aid organization.

A) Médecins Sans Frontières
B) The Red Crescent
C) Human Rights Watch
D) The Red Cross

Question 30

How would each of the three sociological perspectives explain the vast income inequalities among the countries of the world? How would each evaluate the implications?

Question 31

Modernization refers to the process

A) by which nations move from traditional forms of social organization toward forms characteristic of post-Industrial Revolution societies.
B) through which colonized nations move away from the influence of colonizing nations and return to their traditional forms.
C) by which nations move from industrial forms of social organization to deindustrialized forms of social organization.
D) of development shared only by the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan.

Question 32

World systems analysis, which is a variant of the dependency theory, emphasis the importance of taking _____ into account in order to better understand global inequality.

A) the global economic system
B) the ascendency of a particular nation
C) a nation's recent colonial past
D) a nation's political system

Question 33

Which of the following BEST describes the opinion of most early sociologists?

A) They assumed society was progressing toward a common positive future.
B) They felt that societies would remain largely in their current state.
C) They predicted that society would become fragmented and disjointed.
D) They believed that society would eventually self-destruct without intervention.

Question 34

The so-called "color hierarchy" in Mexico suggests that social status is strongly linked to the appearance of racial purity.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is True about life in Mexico?

A) Color hierarchy is an important part of day-to-day life.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) Poverty rates for the Mexican states vary significantly.
D) Women still earn only about 50 percent of what men in similar jobs earn.

Question 36

One of the key insights of Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis is that the global capitalist economy functions as a single, coherent system.

Question 37

According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that

A) is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
B) dominates all other nations socially, economically, and politically.
C) has a marginal economic status, but dominates some less-powerful nations.
D) is physically located near a core country.

Question 38

Who exploits whom in Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis? How, and how easily, can countries change their position within the world system, according to Wallerstein?

Question 39

From a modernization perspective, the transition from traditional to modern society brings with it more problems that it resolves.

Question 40

Supporters of ______ believe that the relationship between multinational corporations and developing countries is mutually beneficial.

A) industrialization
B) internationalism
C) world systems analysis
D) modernization

Question 41

Efforts to protect human rights typically originate

A) out of social movements designed to exert social, economic, and political pressure to effect change.
B) from inside the governments of developing nations with histories of human rights violations.
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) spontaneously out of indigenous movements within developing nations.

Question 42

Critics of modernization suggest that multinational corporations

A) exploit local workers to maximize profits.
B) greatly improve the lives of local workers.
C) cause the deaths of more workers than they help.
D) promote rapid development in developing nations.

Question 43

Why do critics of modernization contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries?

A) Developing countries have weak regulations.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) Leaving one developing country for another with better conditions is easy.
D) Developing countries have a large pool of cheap labor.

Question 44

Which of the following is True about the Millennium Declaration (2000)?

A) It was a program sponsored by an alliance of church organizations to promote Christianity in developing nations.
B) It was a program sponsored by multinational corporations to promote investment in developing nations.
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) It was a program sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide.

Question 45

Some argue that the role of multinational corporations in the global economy is generally positive. Outline these arguments and then examine them critically. Which do you find more compelling-the case for, or against multinational corporations?

Question 46

The Industrial Revolution caused an explosion in economic growth, but it also added to global inequality and wide disparities in standards of living.

Question 47

Due to the power core nations wield, it becomes difficult for nations on the periphery and semiperiphery

A) to grow steadily into core nations.
B) to develop their natural resources.
C) to establish economic and political autonomy.
D) to become part of the global economy.

Question 48

There is now little disagreement among sociologists and economists that multinational corporations have a negative effect on developing countries.

Question 49

Which of the following is True about maquiladoras?

A) They are non-government organizations who donate enormous sums to influence Mexican elections.
B) They are foreign-owned factories in Mexico that may import parts and materials to the United States without tariffs.
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) They are agricultural workers who have permission to migrate seasonally between the United States and Mexico.

Question 50

Sociologists studying the effects of foreign investment by multinationals have found that such investment ______ economic inequality within developing nations.

A) initially decreases but eventually increases
B) increases
C) does not significantly affect
D) decreases

Question 51

What is the borderlands between the United States and Mexico?

A) the area of the Rio Grande's watershed
B) the region from which maquiladoras have been banished by both governments
C) an area of common culture between the two nations
D) the area covered by the U.S. Border Patrol

Question 52

The United Nations ______ assesses progress along health, knowledge, and standard of living, the three key dimensions of human development.

A) Life Chances Index
B) Human Progress Index
C) Human Development Index
D) Globalized Inequality Index

Question 53

Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is True?

A) The ten largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the United States.
B) The idea of a multinational corporation is relatively new and has existed only for the last hundred years.
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) Their total revenues are on a par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations.

Question 54

An analysis of global wealth distribution shows that the bulk of the wealth is held by countries in

A) South America.
B) Europe, North America, and South America.
C) Europe, North America, and some Asia-Pacific nations.
D) North America and Asia.

Question 55

The term "neocolonialism" describes a new form of colonialism that has a positive, rather than negative, impact on the country being colonized.

Question 56

Which of the following is True about Mexican emigration to the United States?

A) Deaths on the journey to the United States decreased to almost zero as of 2017.
B) It occurs primarily through proper legal channels.
C) It significantly affects both nations.
D) Only India has more people emigrating to the United States.

Question 57

According to Wallerstein's theory of world systems analysis, the United States is at the core while Mexico is still on the semiperiphery.

Question 58

Women in the Mexican labor force

A) have increased in numbers since 1990.
B) typically earn more than their counterparts in industrial nations.
C) have decreased in numbers since 1990.
D) possess more opportunities than women in industrial nations.

Question 59

The region with the greatest share of global poor is South Asia.

Question 60

What did journalist A. J. Jacobs discover when he set out to thank everyone who contributed to the cup of coffee he drank each morning?

A) Supply chains are much more straightforward than most people believe.
B) He would never be able to thank everyone who contributed.
C) Coffee is a much more insulated industry than he had believed.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.