Deck 8: Common Disorders

Question 1

The basic cause of all pressure ulcers is being:

A) of advanced age.
B) overweight.
C) dehydrated.
D) immobile.

Answer 1

immobile.

Question 2

A partial-thickness burn involves damage to the epidermis and dermis layers:

A) as well as the subcutaneous layer and the underlying muscles and bones.
B) causing severe scarring and disfigurement.
C) resulting in redness.
D) increasing the risk of infection.

Answer 2

increasing the risk of infection.

Question 3

A person with full-thickness burns is at risk for: (Select all that apply.)

A) scarring.
B) dementia.
C) infection.
D) contractures.
E) disfigurement.

Answer 3

scarring.
infection.
contractures.
disfigurement.

Question 4

The nursing assistant (NA) is assigned to care for a client who has a lesion diagnosed as shingles. The nursing assistant has never had chicken pox or the vaccine to prevent it. What action should the nursing assistant take?

A) Wear a mask and gloves to prevent developing chicken pox.
B) Take the assignment and then get vaccinated to prevent chicken pox.
C) Refuse the assignment because the NA could develop chicken pox.
D) Care for the client and get vaccinated to prevent shingles.

Question 5

A fissure is a:

A) shallow crater that formed due to tissue death.
B) rash consisting of small, flat, reddened lesions.
C) crack in the skin often on the soles of the feet.
D) small, blister-like lesion.

Question 6

Which type of skin lesion results in the loss of the surface of the skin?

A) Fissure
B) Pustule
C) Vesicle
D) Excoriation

Question 7

A lesion is a likely indication of: (Select all that apply.)

A) inflammation within the body.
B) an infection inside the body.
C) a serious form of cancer.
D) an infection of the skin.
E) irritation of the skin.

Question 8

Osteoporosis is defined as:

A) a disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints.
B) a disorder characterized by excessive loss of bone tissue.
C) a crippling condition that can cause severe joint deformities.
D) an inability of the muscles to respond to nervous system commands.

Question 9

The nursing assistant is caring for a client with osteoporosis and observes redness and swelling of the right leg. What is the next action the nursing assistant should take?

A) Walk the client around the unit.
B) Tell the nurse about observations.
C) Offer a snack of cheese and milk.
D) Use a gentle approach with movement.

Question 10

Which joint(s) is most often affected in osteoarthritis? Select all that apply.

A) Hips
B) Wrist
C) Spine
D) Knees
E) Fingers

Question 11

Which is thought to be an immune system disorder?

A) Diabetes
B) Arthritis
C) Schizophrenia
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

The nursing assistant is caring for a client after right hip surgery. What action should the nursing assistant take?

A) Tell the client to place the weight onto the right leg when transferring to chair.
B) Encourage the client to cross their legs at the knee when sitting up.
C) Have the client sit in a straight back chair with feet flat on the floor.
D) After getting into the chair raise the footrest to make the client comfortable.

Question 13

It is true that fractures: (Select all that apply.)

A) are usually seen in children.
B) occur usually as a result of trauma.
C) are more likely to occur in the bones of older people.
D) are always treated by placing the broken bone in a cast.
E) must be aligned to heal properly.

Question 14

In an uncomplicated fracture, the treatment includes:

A) surgically aligning the ends of the broken bone and then stabilizing them with metal rods.
B) pushing the ends of the fractured bone back together and applying a stabilizing cast.
C) compressing the injured area tightly with an elastic bandage.
D) surgically replacing the damaged joint with a prosthetic joint.

Question 15

When caring for a client with a broken arm that is in a cast, which observation should be reported to the nurse immediately?

A) Report of a tingling or painful sensation in the fingers
B) Request for a sweater, even though the room is warm
C) Report that the skin underneath the cast is itchy
D) Request that friends be allowed to sign the cast

Question 16

It is true that phantom pain is a sensation that:

A) an amputated body part is still present.
B) results from wear and tear on the joints.
C) results from poor blood flow to the tissues.
D) originates in one part of the body but is felt in another.

Question 17

The nursing assistant (NA) informed the client of the correct way to collect the sputum specimen. The NA received the call that the client had the specimen ready. The NA observes there is now a bottle of mouthwash on the table. What action should the NA take?

A) Explain that another specimen must be collected after the client rinses their mouth with water.
B) Determine if the specimen was collected less than a couple of hours, or it will need repeated.
C) Ask the client if they rinsed their mouth with the mouthwash before coughing up the sputum.
D) Collect the specimen and correctly label it and place into a specimen bag and take it to the clean utility room.

Question 18

A dry, nonproductive cough that sounds like a bark is likely a sign of:

A) influenza.
B) bronchitis.
C) pneumonia.
D) pleurisy.

Question 19

The nursing assistant can best decrease the risk of contracting influenza in the nursing home by:

A) covering sneezes and coughs when around others.
B) receiving their annual immunization for influenza.
C) using lotion to prevent skin breaks in their hands.
D) taking extra Vitamin C to keep the immune system healthy.

Question 20

Fluid intake is encouraged for a person with a respiratory infection, because fluids help:

A) to thin the respiratory secretions so that they are easier to cough up.
B) to reduce the number of microbes present in the mouth.
C) the medications to work more effectively.
D) the tissues to receive enough oxygen.

Question 21

The nursing assistant finds a client in bed in supine position with labored respirations and sweating profusely. Which action should the nursing assistant perform first?

A) Take vital signs and report findings to the nurse.
B) Call for additional help from the nurse.
C) Provide comfort by changing linens and gown.
D) Sit the client up in a forward-leaning position.

Question 22

A risk factor for heart disease that can be controlled includes:

A) age.
B) gender.
C) heredity.
D) hypertension.

Question 23

A person diagnosed with angina pectoris will likely experience chest pain when:

A) blood pressure is too high.
B) the heart is beating faster than normal.
C) the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen.
D) breathing begins to be painful or otherwise difficult.

Question 24

The nursing assistant is caring for a client diagnosed with angina pectoris experiencing chest pain. The client asks the nursing assistant who has had training to hand them one of their nitroglycerin tablets. What action should the nursing assistant take?

A) Flip one tablet from the bottle into the client's hand to place under their tongue.
B) Open the bottle and shake one tablet from the bottle under the client's tongue.
C) Use bare clean hands and give one tablet to the client to place under their tongue.
D) Don gloves when giving a tablet to the client to place under their tongue.

Question 25

What kind of treatment is usually given to a person with heart failure?

A) Surgery is performed to correct the heart defect.
B) A pacemaker is implanted to stimulate the heart to contract.
C) A balloon angioplasty is done to open the narrowed vessels.
D) Medications are given that help pull fluids out of the body's tissues.

Question 26

A stroke is usually caused by:

A) any situation that temporarily decreases blood flow to the brain.
B) too little blood flow to the heart muscle that results in an infarction.
C) brain cells that die because of a lack of sufficient blood flow.
D) either emotional or physical stress.

Question 27

The nursing assistant is caring for a client diagnosed with a stroke with severe right-sided hemiplegia. What is the best action for the nursing assistant to take?

A) Explain to the client their need to move to each side on their own.
B) Massage the skin on the right side to help feeling to return.
C) Observe for skin breakdown on the right side of the body.
D) Ask the client to report any numbness or tingling when repositioned.

Question 28

Which term is used to describe the condition of a person who is no longer able to understand the meaning of words following a stroke?

A) Hemiplegia
B) Expressive aphasia
C) Dementia
D) Receptive aphasia

Question 29

A client walks with a shuffling, leaning gait, and it is hard for the client to stop suddenly when walking. This is characteristic of:

A) dementia.
B) stroke.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) aphasia.

Question 30

Which event(s) can cause brain damage? Select all that apply.

A) Near drowning
B) Drug overdose
C) Broken neck
D) Choking
E) Falls

Question 31

An injury to the spinal cord in the neck area can result in:

A) hemiplegia.
B) quadriplegia.
C) paraplegia.
D) Lou Gehrig disease.

Question 32

Which condition is characterized by a gradual yellowing and hardening of the lens of the eye?

A) Infection
B) Glaucoma
C) Blindness
D) Cataract

Question 33

When caring for a client who is blind, the nursing assistant should:

A) avoid talking about things the client cannot see, such as the lovely flowers blooming outside the window.
B) raise their voice when speaking to the client to be sure that the client understands.
C) leave the door to the room either completely open or completely closed.
D) avoid asking the client about the extent of their blindness.

Question 34

Which would the nursing assistant immediately report to the nurse when caring for a resident with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.

A) Confusion
B) Constipation
C) Frequent urination
D) Increased perspiration
E) Sweet-smelling breath

Question 35

The client admitted to the hospital with type I diabetes suddenly develops the following signs and symptoms: cool, clammy, and sweating; blurred vision; shakiness; and confused. Which action should the nursing assistant implement first?

A) Call the nurse for additional help and stay with the client.
B) Obtain a fingerstick blood sugar according to policy.
C) Determine what time the client obtained insulin and ate last.
D) Follow the institution protocol and provide a snack.

Question 36

The nursing assistant is told that the new resident has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The nursing assistant expects that the resident will:

A) often report being constipated.
B) have an irregular heartbeat.
C) usually report being cold.
D) not want to eat meals.

Question 37

A person with cancer involving the digestive system is likely to have which sign(s) and symptom(s)? Select all that apply.

A) Loss of appetite
B) Indigestion
C) Bloody stool
D) Vomiting
E) Diarrhea

Question 38

The nursing assistant is caring for a client diagnosed with a kidney stone. What is the best action for the nursing assistant to take?

A) Encourage the client to drink plenty of noncaffeinated drinks.
B) Establish a peaceful environment to promote sleep after pain meds.
C) Limit activity until the kidney stone fragments are passed.
D) Explain that straining urine is only used until the pain subsides.

Question 39

Which may be an early sign of endometrial cancer?

A) Genital warts
B) An unusual lump
C) Postmenopausal bleeding
D) Increased difficulty becoming pregnant

Question 40

Which sexually transmitted infections (STIs), if left untreated, can result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

A) Genital warts
B) Gonorrhea
C) Syphilis
D) HIV

Question 41

An example(s) of a positive coping mechanism is: (Select all that apply.)

A) meditating.
B) going out for a jog.
C) eating a pint of ice cream.
D) getting together with friends.
E) going out for a drink after work.

Question 42

When a client's spouse dies following a risky surgical procedure, the client lashes out, accuses the doctor of "killing my spouse." This is an example of:

A) compensation.
B) conversion.
C) displacement.
D) denial.

Question 43

Which is an example of repression (suppression)?

A) Miss Margaret blames another resident for damage she herself caused.
B) Mrs. Kane cannot remember a frightening or painful event.
C) Chelsea begins to wet her bed when starting kindergarten.
D) Paul blames the teacher when he fails a history test.

Question 44

It is true that anxiety can cause a feeling of: (Select all that apply.)

A) dread.
B) mania.
C) profound worry.
D) intense fear.
E) apprehension.

Question 45

A resident who becomes very anxious when regular rituals are interrupted is displaying behavior characteristic of:

A) schizophrenia.
B) panic disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 46

It is true that clinical depression:

A) can be treated.
B) decreases with age.
C) is seldom a risk factor for suicide.
D) is a normal part of aging.

Question 47

Bipolar disorder is defined as a feeling of:

A) inferiority and low self-esteem.
B) excessive sadness or hopelessness.
C) uneasiness, dread, apprehension, or worry.
D) extreme excitement followed by extreme sadness.

Question 48

Which person is having a hallucination?

A) A client believes that she is the beautiful secretary of the handsome James Bond.
B) A client believes that his business partner is always spying on him.
C) A client suspects her housekeeper of stealing her jewelry.
D) A client hears voices urging her to kill her children.

Question 49

If a person has poor or ineffective coping mechanisms, which situation(s) can increase the risk of developing depression or anxiety? Select all that apply.

A) Fears of being disabled or disfigured from illness or injury
B) Separation from loved ones and being in an unfamiliar place
C) Recovering from a serious injury or medical condition
D) Money worries related to fear of losing a job
E) Being prescribed mental health counseling

Question 50

The resident shares with the nursing assistant that "I wonder if anyone will miss me when I'm gone." How will the nursing assistant respond?

A) Report the comment to the RN immediately.
B) Assume the resident is becoming senile.
C) Assure the resident that they are mistaken.
D) Ignore the comment because it is a common question asked by older adults.