Deck 9: Land: How Does It Shape Us

Question 1

A sample is being analyzed that is thought to be from Earth's core. Which feature would only be found in the core?

A) The sample is a liquid.
B) The sample is a solid
C) The sample contains iron and nickel.
D)The sample contains water.

Answer 1

The sample contains iron and nickel.

Question 2

Which of the following would result if the magnetosphere were diminished in the future?

A) GPS systems would no longer function.
B) Compasses would be inverte
C) Magnets could not exist.
D)Harmful particles from the sun could impact Earth

Answer 2

Harmful particles from the sun could impact Earth

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the mantle?

A) It is composed of malleable solid rock.
B) It is composed of liquid
C) It accounts for less than 10% of Earth's volume.
D)It is denser than the core

Answer 3

It is composed of malleable solid rock.

Question 4

Both the United States and Russia have attempted to drill down into the Earth as far as possible. The deepest that they have been able to reach is into the

A) mantle.
B) core.
C) crust.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

The is less dense than the other layers and accounts for 1% of the planet's volume, but it is the layer that creates the surface that we live on.

A) asthenosphere
B) crust
C) core
D) mantle

Question 6

Which feature distinguishes the lithosphere from the asthenosphere?

A) The lithosphere is solid, whereas the asthenosphere is liquid.
B) The lithosphere is composed or rock, whereas the asthenosphere is composed of metal.
C) The lithosphere is more rigid, and the asthenosphere is more malleable.
D) Both have identical properties.

Question 7

The properties of the lithosphere are most similar to which of the following?

A) the core
B) the crust
C) the mantle
D) the asthenosphere

Question 8

Many features of Earth's surface, such as mountains and volcanoes, are produced from interactions between

A) the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.
B) the core and the mantle.
C) the solid and the liquid regions of the core.
D) tectonic plates.

Question 9

Earthquakes are common in areas bordering the Pacific Ocean known as the Ring of Fire. These are caused by which geological feature?

A) volcanoes
B) Earth's core
C) the border between the mantle and crust
D) tectonic plate faults

Question 10

In Chapter 9, a hard-boiled egg was used as an analogy to the layers of Earth. If the eggshell were removed, the white of the egg that remains would be analogous to which part of Earth's internal structure?

A) mantle
B) crust
C) core
D) None of these are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following are components of the rock cycle?

A) weathering of rocks
B) cooling of igneous rock
C) sedimentation
D) All of these are correct.

Question 12

If an area is found to contain igneous rock, that would indicate that at one time there was a(n)______in that location.

A) tectonic plate
B) ancient ocean floor
C) volcano
D) sedimentation event

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of erosion?

A) soil being removed from a hillside and blown away
B) sand particles being produced from wave action
C) high temperature and pressure leading to new rock formations
D) lava cooling to form rock

Question 14

The mouth of a river will often contain deposited , which is picks up from farther upstream.

A) sedimentary rock
B) sediment
C) large rocks
D) igneous rock

Question 15

The Green River Formation contains the remains of organic matter that fell to the bottom of interconnected lakes that existed around 40 million years ago. Rocks from this formation can be found in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. These formations should contain which material?

A) igneous rock
B) metamorphic rock
C) sedimentary rock
D) parts of the asthenosphere

Question 16

Which of the following is a human use of minerals?

A) a component of food used for bodily functions
B) a source of rare-earth materials for electronics
C) a source of fertilizers
D) All of these are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following would be a landform that is found on the moon?

A) Mons Piton, a mountain peak
B) underground water
C) sedimentary rock in the mantle
D) the core

Question 18

Based on your understanding of topography, predict the difference between a topographic map and a standard map.

A) Only topographic maps show all watersheds.
B) Only topographic maps show points of potential erosion.
C) Only topographic maps show all man-made structures.
D) Only topographic maps include the shape of the land.

Question 19

Several small streams and wetland areas make up a watershed for a river. What would these areas have in common?

A) They all will drain into the river.
B) They will all be filled when the river floods.
C) They all contain sediment from the river.
D) They are all eroded.

Question 20

Why are floodplains such a fertile area for agriculture?

A) They all erode their topsoil.
B) The river overflows and deposits sediments, which enrich the soil.
C) There are no structures built on floodplains.
D) They consist of impervious rock.

Question 21

The continued expansion of sediment at the mouth of the Mississippi river is referred to as

A) weathering.
B) a floodplain.
C) a watershed.
D) a delta.

Question 22

Hillslopes are created due to

A) erosion from rivers.
B) wind erosion.
C) freeze-and-thaw cycles of water.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 23

How would you be able to test whether a new road surface is impervious?

A) determine whether water can pass through
B) determine the thickness of rock underneath the surface
C) determine the amount of erosion that can occur near it
D) determine the overland flow rate

Question 24

Soil contains which of the following components?

A) weathered rock
B) microbes
C) minerals
D) All of these are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following soils would have poor infiltration?

A) soil that is mostly sand
B) soil that is mostly clay
C) soil that is loosely packed
D) soil with high amounts of microbes and fungi

Question 26

Soil horizons are created by

A) biotic factors.
B) abiotic factors.
C) both biotic and abiotic factors.
D) the infiltration rate.

Question 27

? In this image of soil, O and A refer to ________, and all the layers of soil together constitute ________.

A) horizons; a profile
B) profiles; horizons
C) biotic factors; horizons
D) organic matter; a profile

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true regarding topsoil?

A) Topsoil is composed entirely of nonliving materials.
B) Topsoil contains horizons O, A, and B.
C) Topsoil contains organic matter and soil-dwelling organisms.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 29

Physical features of various soil types allow us to classify them into

A) soil orders.
B) soil profiles.
C) soil horizons.
D) landforms.

Question 30

Adding organic matter to soil can lead to a darkening of color, indicating the presence of

A) topsoil.
B) tilth.
C) minerals.
D) humus.

Question 31

Farmers add minerals and plow their fields to improve the soil structure, which is referred to as

A) tilth.
B) humus.
C) leaching.
D) salinization.

Question 32

A farmer notices that a crop is not growing well and they suspect that salinization may be the problem. How could they determine is this is the case?

A) test the soil for the amount of humus
B) test the soil for the amount of salt present
C) test the soil for the amount of infiltration
D) test the soil for the amount of organic material

Question 33

A farmer notices that a crop is not growing well and suspects that the problem is the soil. Samples are tested and the soil is shown to contain normal amounts of salt. Testing also shows low levels of many plant nutrients. Based on these results, what may be causing the issues?

A) lack of topsoil
B) poor infiltration of water to the soil
C) salinization of the soil
D) leaching of the soil

Question 34

Tilling the soil can impact the land in several ways. Which of the following is considered a negative impact?

A) It prepares the soil for planting.
B) It increases wind erosion of the soil.
C) It distributes nutrients in the soil.
D) It enhances the tilth of the soil.

Question 35

Using terms from the chapter, explain how migrating animals are able to return to the same locations each year.

Question 36

A local community group has approached you regarding the rapid erosion of dirt from a riverbank. Propose a solution to this group in order to decrease or prevent future erosion.

Question 37

Soil contains many living organisms, explain the importance of earthworms to soil and crop production.

Question 38

The main factors that determine soil type are climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time (CLORPT). Define two of these factors and explain how they will influence soil type.

Question 39

Chapter 9 describes several ways in which humans can restore and repair the land: agriculture and grazing, mining, forestry, and urbanization. Choose one of methods and discuss what changes can be made and why this will benefit the land.