Deck 6: Native Americans

Question 1

Why did the size of the Native American population experience a significant decline after Native Americans encountered Europeans?

Answer 1

Answers will vary

Question 2

How did Native Americans respond to the invasion of their lands by Europeans?

Answer 2

Answers will vary

Question 3

How did treaties between Native Americans and the U.S. government result in political discrimination against Native Americans?

Answer 3

Answers will vary

Question 4

Has the depiction of Native Americans as "fat cats" resulted in a loss of Indian land and resources?

Question 5

What effect did measuring blood levels have on the distribution of land to Native Americans by the U.S. government?

Question 6

How has increased self-identification as Native Americans affected the size of the Native American population?

Question 7

What genetic features are unique to Native Americans?

Question 8

Early education efforts were designed to convert Native Americans to European culture and language.

Question 9

The economic dependence of Native Americans in federal employment programs and social services increases their colonized status in the United States.

Question 10

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an organization run primarily by Native Americans.

Question 11

Without their land, Native Americans lost their sovereign status and became a fully colonized nation.

Question 12

The Relocation Act (1956) moved Native Americans from urban areas onto reservations.

Question 13

The Indian Citizenship Act (1924) uses blood levels to determine citizenship status for Native Americans.

Question 14

As a result of the General Allotment Act (1887), the United States acquired more than 100 million acres of Indian land between 1887 and 1934.

Question 15

The Dawes Act was important to Native Americans because it increased their access to land.

Question 16

Native Americans are overrepresented in white-collar occupations and underrepresented in service occupations.

Question 17

The treaties negotiated between Indian tribes and the U.S. government were instrumental in repressing opportunities for Native Americans to secure valued resources.

Question 18

The historical victimization and exploitation experienced by Native Americans have reduced them to an internal colony in the United States.

Question 19

The schooling of Native American children has focused on eliminating their language and culture.

Question 20

The "millenarian movements" among Native Americans were a retreatist response to their colonized status.

Question 21

The large concentration of minerals, oil, and timber on Indian lands has resulted in a "fat cat" syndrome among Native Americans.

Question 22

Native American tribes viewed treaties with the U.S. government as a means of preserving their status as nations.

Question 23

The philosophy of "Manifest Destiny" encouraged whites and Native Americans to share land and resources.

Question 24

The decline in the number of Native American people between 1600 and 1850 is an indicator of discrimination against Native Americans.

Question 25

Pan-Indian political movements are infinitely connected to the religious activity of Native Americans.

Question 26

Many Native Americans have actively resisted sending their children to college.

Question 27

The "boarding school" was the centerpiece of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' efforts to educate Native Americans.

Question 28

Education was used to help Native Americans learn the ways of white people, while at the same time maintain their traditional cultures.

Question 29

Treaties took away the economic base of Native Americans.

Question 30

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is a decentralized bureaucracy.

Question 31

As a government agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs is relatively efficient and responsive to the problems of Native Americans.

Question 32

The Bureau of Indian Affairs was first lodged in the Department of the Interior, moved to the War Department during the "Indian Wars," and then moved back to the Interior Department.

Question 33

Native Americans could not vote in general elections until 1924.

Question 34

The various treaties with Native Americans have, on balance, allowed Native Americans to keep their land and sustain their cultures.

Question 35

Despite popular beliefs that Native Americans are potentially rich in resources, very few mineral resources are under Native Americans' land.

Question 36

The negative stereotypes about Native Americans have emerged to justify the taking of their lands.

Question 37

Over 25 percent of Native Americans live below the poverty line.

Question 38

Roughly 40 percent of all Native Americans live on or near the reservation, segregated from the American mainstream.

Question 39

Native Americans are almost twice as likely as whites to die as victims of auto accidents.

Question 40

Native Americans die, on average, several years before whites.

Question 41

The poverty rate for Native Americans, like that of many other minorities, has been declining over the last decade.

Question 42

Because of the complex administrative activity of the Bureau of Indian Affairs on reservations, those Native Americans who live on reservations are more likely to be employed in white-collar jobs than those living away from the reservation.

Question 43

Roughly half of all Native Americans live in the West.

Question 44

A majority of Native Americans still reside on, or near, Indian reservations.

Question 45

Since 1950, the Native American population has grown very slowly.

Question 46

Between 1600 and 1850, the Native American population increased, only to drop dramatically between 1850 and 1900.

Question 47

All of the native people in the Americas before contact with Europeans were simple hunter-gatherers.

Question 48

The percentage of Native Americans in the fishing, farming, and forestry industries are much greater than whites.

Question 49

Ethnogenesis is defined as subgroups that have common traditions and experience similar patterns of discrimination seek to form a new kind of ethnic identity.

Question 50

The Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) was formed to

A) coordinate the development of Native American resources.
B) manipulate markets for resources.
C) develop a cartel.
D) all of the above.

Question 51

Which is the most radical of Native American organizations?

A) The American Indian Movement
B) The National Congress of American Indians
C) The Native American church
D) The Ghost Dance movement

Question 52

Millenarian movements are, in essence,

A) retreatist movements.
B) activist, political movements.
C) assimilation movements.
D) none of the above.

Question 53

Which is not true of the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

A) It is staffed mostly by Native Americans.
B) It must operate in accordance with hundreds of rules, laws, and regulations.
C) It is a centralized bureaucracy.
D) In fact, all of the above are false.

Question 54

Which of the following Congressional acts allowed Native Americans to vote outside their tribe or tribal council?

A) the Dawes Act
B) the Indian Claims Commission Act
C) the Indian Citizenship Act
D) none of the above

Question 55

Which of the following Congressional acts did the most to return lands to Native Americans?

A) the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
B) the Indian Claims Commission Act
C) the General Allotment Act
D) the Indian Citizenship Act

Question 56

Which of the following Congressional acts is most associated with the "quantum blood" measure of who is an "Indian"?

A) the Indian Removal Act
B) the Dawes or General Allotment Act
C) the Relocation Act
D) the Indian Citizenship Act

Question 57

Which have been stereotypes of Native Americans?

A) innocent and childlike
B) savages
C) fat-cat capitalists
D) All of the above were, at one time, stereotypes.

Question 58

The first truly nationwide Native American political organization was

A) the millen movement.
B) the Native American Church.
C) the National Congress of American Indians.
D) none of the above.

Question 59

The use of "blood quantum" as a measure of who is an "Indian" was initially employed to

A) limit treaty obligations.
B) help Native Americans.
C) determine who was eligible for land.
D) both a and c

Question 60

Which is not true of Native Americans' housing?

A) Native Americans are more likely than whites to own a home.
B) Native Americans are more likely than whites to live in a house trailer.
C) Native Americans are less likely to have access to public utilities than whites.
D) Native Americans are more likely to own and live in smaller houses than whites.

Question 61

Native American income as a percentage of white income is about

A) 80 percent.
B) 30 percent.
C) 66 percent.
D) 75 percent.

Question 62

Which factor accounts for the growth in the Native American population?

A) the self-pride movement of Native Americans
B) the lower infant mortality rate
C) the improved health care available to Native Americans
D) all of the above

Question 63

Since 1950, the Native American population has grown by

A) more than 100 percent.
B) around 100 percent.
C) around 200 percent.
D) more than 600 percent.

Question 64

Between 1600 and 1850, the Native American population dropped to about

A) 2.5 million.
B) 1.2 million.
C) 200,000.
D) 800,000.

Question 65

The Native American tribe with the largest population as of the 2000 census was:

A) the Cheyenne.
B) the Blackfoot.
C) the Cherokee.
D) the Navajo.

Question 66

There are __________ tribally controlled colleges in the United States.

A) one hundred
B) thirty-two
C) five
D) zero

Question 67

By establishing agreements with Indian tribes for the extraction of resources from Indian lands, corporations

A) contribute to the growth and vitality of Indian tribes.
B) increase the wealth of Indian tribes.
C) gain a low-wage labor force and a non-regulated work environment.
D) both a and b

Question 68

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to increase the post-secondary education of Native Americans by

A) building colleges on Indian lands.
B) giving Native Americans their choice of college.
C) establishing loan and scholarship programs.
D) creating reformed boarding schools.

Question 69

Reservations were set up for Native Americans by the federal government in order to

A) give Native Americans the opportunity to preserve their language and culture.
B) give Indian tribes sovereign status.
C) dislocate Indian tribes from their land and resources.
D) establish a safe haven from white violence.

Question 70

Gambling casinos and bingo parlors are legal on Indian land because

A) non-Indians are prohibited from participating.
B) all revenue generated goes to Indian education.
C) Indian land is sovereign.
D) both b and c

Question 71

In general, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was created to

A) facilitate the exploitation of Native American lands and resources.
B) guarantee Native Americans economic mobility in U.S. society.
C) prevent the U.S. government from taking over Indian lands and resources.
D) facilitate economic development of Native American lands.

Question 72

According to the concept of the European mini-state, treaties were a means of

A) establishing and maintaining equality between nations.
B) taking over weaker nations by a more powerful nation.
C) preventing land grabbing or colonization.
D) both a and c

Question 73

Treaties were regarded by Native Americans as

A) recognition of their sovereignty as nations.
B) a means for increasing the number of white settlers on Indian lands.
C) a vehicle for sharing land and its resources with whites.
D) both a and b

Question 74

The creation of job training centers in urban areas was made possible by

A) the Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946.
B) the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971.
C) the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924.
D) the Relocation Act of 1956.

Question 75

The Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946

A) empowered a Claims Commission to return land to Native Americans.
B) resulted in many Native Americans becoming wealthy from land sells.
C) was designed to provide a recourse to Native Americans who felt that their land was unjustly taken away from them.
D) both a and c

Question 76

The portrayal of Native Americans as "fat cats"

A) is valid because they have grown wealthy from the minerals and resources on their land.
B) implies that Native Americans are not entitled to the minerals and resources on their land.
C) reflects a decreased poverty rate in the Native American population.
D) is a clear sign of rapid economic development on reservations.

Question 77

The Dawes Act of 1887

A) provided religious freedom for Native Americans.
B) made all Native Americans citizens of the United States.
C) eliminated reservations for many Native Americans.
D) empowered the government to test blood levels as a means of identifying Indians.

Question 78

A genetic feature that is not unique to Native Americans is

A) eye color.
B) earwax texture.
C) fingerprint pattern.
D) organic compounds in urine.

Question 79

The Native American population was estimated to be __________ in the 16^th century.

A) four million
B) two to five million
C) three million
D) less than one million

Question 80

The majority of the Native American population resides in the

A) eastern states of the United States.
B) midwestern states of the United States.
C) western states of the United States.
D) states of New York and Florida.