Deck 40: Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Question 1

In which of the following locations would you find skeletal muscle?

A) biceps muscle
B) heart
C) arterial wall
D) small intestine
E) bronchiole

Answer 1

biceps muscle

Question 2

In which of the following ways does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

A) Cardiac muscle is striated and skeletal muscle is not.
B) Cardiac muscle surrounds hollow tubes; skeletal muscle attaches to skin.
C) Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected; skeletal muscle cells are not.
D) Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control; skeletal muscle is under involuntary control.
E) A group of cardiac muscle cells forms an organ; a group of skeletal muscle cells forms a tissue.

Answer 2

Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected; skeletal muscle cells are not.

Question 3

Which of the following tissue types are attached to a basal lamina or basement membrane?

A) nervous
B) muscular
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) cartilaginous

Answer 3

epithelial

Question 4

Which of the following tissue types is characterized by having cells suspended within an extracellular matrix consisting of a mixture of fibrous proteins and carbohydrates?

A) nervous
B) muscular
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) digestive

Question 5

In an organism with either a closed or open circulatory system, most of the body fluids are in the

A) intracellular fluid.
B) extracellular fluid.
C) interstitial fluid.
D) plasma.
E) hemolymph.

Question 6

If you placed a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, you would predict that its volume would ____ while the solute concentration in its cytoplasm would ____.

A) increase, increase
B) increase, decrease
C) decrease, increase
D) decrease, decrease
E) decrease, not change

Question 7

A simplified form of the Fick diffusion equation is J = DA (C₁-C₂) where J is the rate of diffusion, D is a constant, A is the area across which diffusion is occurring, and C₁ and C₂ are the concentrations of the substance on either side of the membrane. Given this, which of the following would INCREASE the rate of diffusion of a solute?

A) an increase in C₁ while holding C₂ constant
B) an equivalent decrease in both C₁ and C₂
C) an equivalent increase in both C₁ and C₂
D) a decrease in D
E) a decrease in A

Question 8

The concept of homeostasis originated with

A) Claude Bernard.
B) Charles Darwin.
C) James Watson.
D) Rosalind Franklin.
E) Gregor Mendel.

Question 9

The heating and cooling system in your house or apartment can be thought of as a homeostatic system. When you turn the thermostat dial to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, this can be thought of as the _____ of the system.

A) set point
B) sensor
C) effector
D) homeostat
E) regulatory response

Question 10

The heating and cooling system in your house or apartment can be thought of as a homeostatic system. You set the thermostat to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and the air conditioner turns on and starts cooling the room. The air conditioner can be thought of as the _____ of the system.

A) set point
B) sensor
C) effector
D) homeostat
E) regulatory response

Question 11

The release of factors by cells that influence the activity of nearby cells is referred to as

A) autocrine signaling.
B) paracrine signaling.
C) pheromonal signaling.
D) electrical signaling.
E) exocrine signaling.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a hormone?

A) chemical messenger
B) secreted from glands into the blood
C) acts on distant target cells
D) regulates organ systems
E) secreted from glands into the interstitial fluid

Question 13

Which of the following is true of both neurotransmitters and hormones?

A) They are both involved in paracrine signaling.
B) They both interact with receptors inside or on the surface of target cells.
C) They are both produced in glands.
D) They both travel through the bloodstream to target cells.
E) They both influence the activity of multiple organs simultaneously.

Question 14

In the blood clotting process, platelets arrive at the site of damage and start secreting substances to attract more platelets. More platelets arrive at the site and secrete attractants to recruit more platelets. This is an example of

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) feedforward regulation.
D) paracrine signaling.
E) electrical signaling.

Question 15

Which of the following would not be an example of structure determining function?

A) the highly branched trachea of insects
B) the electrical connections between cardiac muscle cells
C) the tight packing of epithelial cells on top of the basal lamina
D) the brush border of the small intestine
E) All of these choices are examples of structure determining function.

Question 16

A defect in the HoxA-3 would most likely result in

A) defects of the thyroid.
B) defects of the limbs.
C) an enlarged heart.
D) defects of the lungs.
E) abnormal positioning of the kidneys.

Question 17

Homeotic genes

A) are only present in vertebrates.
B) are only present in insects and vertebrates.
C) are found in all animals.
D) have widely varied functions from species to species.
E) are involved in the formation, but not the positioning, of organs.

Question 18

In osmosis

A) water moves from extracellular to intracellular compartments.
B) water moves from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.
C) solutes move from a region of low water concentration to a region of high water concentration.
D) solutes move from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration.
E) plasma membranes must be impermeable to water.

Question 19

The extracellular matrix contains

A) collagen.
B) cartilage.
C) smooth muscle.
D) carbohydrates.
E) both collagen and carbohydrates.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

A) defense against pathogens
B) fluid transport
C) supporting the weight of body structures
D) protection from dehydration
E) regulation of body temperature

Question 21

Solutes move between body compartments by using

A) diffusion.
B) ATP-powered active transport.
C) transporters.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) Solutes use all of these mechanisms to move between compartments.

Question 22

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder which destroys the microvilli of the small intestine. Vitamin B12 can be absorbed by passive diffusion across the microvilli of the small intestine. Consider a patient who has had 10% of their microvilli destroyed. If the concentration of vitamin B is 0.6 pg/ml inside the lumen of the small intestine and 0.3 pg/ml on the inside of an epithelial cell, how is the diffusion rate of vitamin B altered in this patient?

A) It is reduced by 10%.
B) It is reduced by .003%.
C) It is increased by 10%.
D) It is reduced by .3%.
E) It is increased by .3%.

Question 23

The direction of water movement across a cell membrane is determined in part by

A) the presence of transporter molecules.
B) the levels of ATP in the cell.
C) the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell.
D) the amount of pressure inside and outside the cell.
E) the concentration of solutes and amount of pressure inside and outside the cell.

Question 24

An organ can consist of a single type of tissue.

Question 25

Most of the water found in the body is in the intracellular fluid compartment.

Question 26

If an animal has a concentration of one substance in its body identical to the concentration of that substance in the environment, this will also be the case with all other substances (i.e., if it conforms with one substance, it will conform with all substances).

Question 27

Positive feedback loops are more common than negative feedback loops in animal physiological function.

Question 28

A dog that is conditioned to salivate in response to a stimulus associated with food will salivate in response to that stimulus even after the food is removed.