Deck 16: Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

The concept that offspring can inherit the acquired skills of their parents is called

A) pangenesis.
B) blending inheritance.
C) particulate inheritance.
D) Lamarck's hypothesis.
E) blending inheritance or Lamarck's hypothesis.

Answer 1

blending inheritance or Lamarck's hypothesis.

Question 2

What personal characteristics and events in Gregor Mendel's life significantly contributed to his ultimate contribution to the study of inheritance?

A) His training in physics and mathematics at the University of Vienna.
B) He failed his physics exam.
C) He failed his natural history exam.
D) He got his teaching license at the age of 21.
E) He got a job as a substitute teacher and enjoyed it.

Answer 2

His training in physics and mathematics at the University of Vienna.

Question 3

Mating a purebred Labrador retriever to a purebred poodle to produce "Labradoodles" is an example of

A) true-breeding.
B) hybridization.
C) self-fertilizing.
D) inbreeding.
E) mixed breeding.

Answer 3

hybridization.

Question 4

Which of these is NOT a reason that Mendel used pea plants as a model to study inheritance?

A) There are many varieties with distinct and different characteristics.
B) They cannot self-fertilize.
C) It is easy to control cross-fertilizations.
D) The varieties he chose would show the same variant for a trait in generation after generation.
E) They have large flowers.

Question 5

Which of the following are incorrectly matched for a single-factor cross?

A) P generation / true breeding
B) F₁ generation / monohybrid
C) F₂ generation / result of F₁ cross
D) F₁ generation / result of P cross
E) F₂ generation / result of P cross

Question 6

A cross of a true-breeding smooth pod and yellow pod plants results in all smooth pod offspring. This indicates that

A) yellow is dominant and smooth is recessive.
B) smooth is dominant and yellow is recessive.
C) yellow and smooth are not alleles.
D) yellow and smooth are variants of the same gene.
E) two of the answers are correct. Yellow and smooth are variants of the same gene, and smooth is the dominant trait.

Question 7

Which of the following INCORRECTLY states a principle of the chromosome theory of inheritance?

A) Genes are transmitted from parent to offspring via chromosomes.
B) Gametes contain either a maternal or paternal set of chromosomes.
C) Somatic cells contain a maternal and paternal set of chromosomes.
D) The paternal and maternal chromosomes assort randomly during meiosis.
E) Gametes are haploid and somatic cells are diploid.

Question 8

A homologous pair of sister chromatids will possess _______ copies of the alleles for each locus.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 1
E) 50% of the

Question 9

The probability of a couple having either a boy or a girl is ½ . However, many families have more boys than girls and VICE VERSA. Why is the observed ratio of boys to girls in typical families different than the predicted ratio?

A) There is a large random sampling error due to the small size of families.
B) There is a small random sampling error due to the small size of families.
C) Humans are more heterozygous than is predicted by random sampling.
D) The sex of each child is determined independently.
E) Two of the answers are correct. There is a large random sampling error due to the small size of . human families and the sex of each child is determined independently.

Question 10

Which of the following phrases INCORRECTLY finishes this statement? A genetic disease that causes death in infancy and has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern can persist in a population because

A) it can be passed on to the next generation by a heterozygous carrier.
B) the deleterious effects of the disease may not occur until after reproductive age.
C) if both parents are carriers, they have a 50% chance of having normal children.
D) only homozygotes for the abnormal allele will have the disease.
E) individuals with one abnormal allele do not show symptoms of the disease.

Question 11

In Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments, males had white eyes but females did not. What cross could you perform with his flies to obtain white-eyed females?

A) cross the F₁ offspring to each other.
B) cross an F₁ female to a white-eyed male.
C) cross an F₂ female with an F₁ male.
D) cross an F₂ female with a white-eyed male.
E) crossing either the F₁ or F₂ females with a white-eyed male will produce some white-eyed females.

Question 12

In Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments, the ratio of red-eyed flies to white-eyed flies appeared to follow a simple Mendelian pattern of inheritance. What observation(s) did he make that led to his conclusion that the white-eyed trait was actually not a simple Mendelian trait?

A) He was able to correlate the expression of white eyes to the inheritance of an X chromosome.
B) He saw that only males had white eyes.
C) He observed that the white-eyed trait was recessive.
D) He was able to correlate the expression of white eyes to the inheritance of a Y chromosome because . only F₂ males had white eyes and the trait is recessive.
E) He was able to correlate the expression of white eyes to the inheritance of an X chromosome . because only F₂ males had white eyes and the trait is recessive.

Question 13

Which of the following inheritance patterns is matched with an inaccurate molecular basis?

A) Incomplete dominance; The protein produced by a wild-type allele affects the phenotype in a concentration-dependent manner.
B) Codominance; Two proteins are produced in heterozygotes.
C) Sex-infuenced; Hormones alter the expression of proteins encoded by dominant and recessive alleles.
D) X-linked; Hemizygotes with the recessive allele do not make a functional protein, but heterozygotes do.
E) Simple Mendelian inheritance; The protein produced by a single allele cannot produce the dominant phenotype.

Question 14

You discover a new sunflower that has blue flowers instead of yellow. When you cross this blue variety with a common yellow variety you get blue and yellow speckled flowers. What type of inheritance pattern does this gene exhibit?

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) simple Mendelian inheritance
D) either incomplete dominance or codominance
E) sex-influenced dominance

Question 15

Which of these statements INCORRECTLY describes an example of pleiotropy?

A) A mutation in a Cl-transport protein causes infertility and excessive mucus in the lungs.
B) A mutation in a gene for microtubule formation causes a defect in sperm motility and cilia movement in the respiratory tract.
C) A mutation in a lipid metabolism gene leads to a buildup of lipids in cells, causing blindness and paralysis.
D) A mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene can cause mental retardation and loss of motor skills.
E) He was able to correlate the expression of white eyes to the inheritance of an X chromosome because only F2 males had white eyes and the trait is recessive.

Question 16

Two babies are mixed up in the hospital nursery. The blood types of Couple 1 are A and O and the blood types of Couple 2 are AB and B. Baby Joe has blood type O and Baby Jane has blood type A. Who are the parents of Baby Joe and Baby Jane?

A) Couple 1, Baby Joe; Couple 2, Baby Jane
B) Couple 1, Baby Jane; Couple 2, Baby Joe
C) Couple 1, Baby Joe or Baby Jane; Couple 2, Baby Jane
D) Couple 1, Baby Joe or Baby Jane; Couple 2 could not be parents of either baby
E) Couple 1, Baby Joe; Couple 2, Baby Joe or Baby Jane

Question 17

What is the difference between the blood types, A, B, and O?

A) A and B individuals have carbohydrate trees on the surface of red blood cells. O individuals do not have carbohydrate trees.
B) For each blood type, A, B, and O, there is a different sugar attachment enzyme produced.
C) A and B individuals have different modifications made to their carbohydrate tree. O individuals . have no modifications made to their carbohydrate tree.
D) The glycosyl transferase gene has a different mutation in A individuals than in B individuals. O individuals have no mutations in the glycosyl transferase gene.
E) Two of these answers are correct. The glycosyl transferase gene mutations in A and B individuals prevent the removal of carbohydrate trees from the cell surfacE) O individuals have no mutations and therefore have no carbohydrate trees on the red blood cell surface.

Question 18

A woman visits her doctor's office complaining of pattern baldness. Her mother and father do not have pattern baldness, but her brother does. The doctor is concerned that she may have the serious condition of __, and he immediately orders blood tests to check her ________ levels.

A) tumor of the adrenal gland, 5-dihydrotestosterone
B) tumor of the reproductive system, testosterone
C) skin cancer, 2,5 alpha-reductase
D) tumor of the adrenal gland, estradiol
E) tumor of the reproductive system, 5-dihydrotestosterone

Question 19

A person who is homozygous for a mutation of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene

A) can lead a normal life if the environment is controlled.
B) cannot give blood.
C) will always develop mental retardation in early infancy.
D) will require phenylalanine supplements throughout life.
E) Two statements are correct. They can lead a normal life if the environment is controlled by taking phenylalanine supplements.

Question 20

A couple has five sons. What is the probability that their next child will be a girl?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 21

When some recessive human diseases are present in the heterozygous state, incomplete dominance occurs.

Question 22

Only fathers can pass on pattern baldness to their sons.

Question 23

A person with blood type O can donate blood to people of any blood type.

Question 24

A Punnett square is best used to predict the likelihood of producing many offspring with a particular genotype.