Deck 9: Choice Theory and Reality Therapy

Question 1

William Glasser is a physician with a background in which of the following?

A) Clinical psychology.
B) Chemical engineering.
C) Existential philosophy.
D) Both a and b.
E) Both b and c.

Answer 1

Both a and b.

Question 2

Reality therapy (RT) is often incorrectly categorized as a form of:

A) Cognitive or behavioral therapy.
B) Person-centered therapy.
C) Jungian therapy.
D) Psychoanalysis.
E) None of the above.

Answer 2

Cognitive or behavioral therapy.

Question 3

Choice theory (CT), with its emphasis on choice and inherent responsibility, echoes the theoretical orientation of:

A) Behaviorism.
B) Constructivist theory.
C) Cognitive theory.
D) Existentialism.
E) Person-centered theory.

Answer 3

Existentialism.

Question 4

William Glasser is a strong believer in:

A) Analyzing client transference.
B) Analyzing client dreams.
C) Working in the here and now.
D) Teaching the ABCs of behavioral psychology.
E) Criticizing or disputing client cognitions

Question 5

Reality therapy is best described as a form of:

A) Behavior therapy.
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) REBT.
D) Person-centered counseling.
E) Reality therapy doesn't fit well into any of the preceding categories.

Question 6

What factor or phenomenon does Glasser consider to be a "terrible plague that invades every part of our lives" and causes much misery?

A) Choice theory.
B) Adlerian theory.
C) External control psychology.
D) Pop psychology.
E) Existential philosophy.

Question 7

Choice theory holds that humans are:

A) Internally motivated.
B) Externally motivated.
C) Motivated by a combination of internal and external factors.
D) Deeply and positively influenced by behavioral psychology.
E) None of the above.

Question 8

According to Glasser and choice theory, the five basic human needs are:

A) Learned early in life.
B) A function of one's quality world.
C) Derived from the id, ego, and superego.
D) Genetically encoded.
E) Culturally distinct.

Question 9

Creativity in humans is directly related to which of Glasser's five basic needs?

A) Freedom.
B) Power.
C) Love and belonging.
D) Survival.
E) None of the above.

Question 10

From the perspective of choice theory, suicide is:

A) A choice that arises out of a conflict between survival and another basic need.
B) The only choice that stems from psychopathology or mental illness.
C) A societal symptom of an existing oppressive, dominant culture.
D) Not so much a choice as it is a product of one's accumulation of stressful or traumatic childhood events.
E) None of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following does Glasser consider the most deeply intertwined with the most primary human need, the need for love and belonging?

A) Freedom.
B) Fun.
C) Power.
D) Guilt.
E) Survival.

Question 12

Glasser believes that children and teens become too focused on freedom and power only when which other human need isn't being adequately met?

A) Fun.
B) Sexuality.
C) Love and belonging.
D) Survival.
E) Achievement or recognition.

Question 13

The human need for power can also be described as the human need for:

A) Personal significance.
B) Achievement.
C) Control.
D) Dominance.
E) Revenge.

Question 14

How does Glasser view early childhood as it pertains to choice theory?

A) It is the time when humans experience powerlessness and therefore the time when maladaptive patterns are formed.
B) It is the time when our sense of humor and play is established and with it our ability to meet the basic human need for fun.
C) He examines client body movement and posture and determines at what stage during our infant development we were oppressed or neglected.
D) It is the time when our human need for power, and gratification associated with power, become recognized.
E) It is the time when repeated success or failure experiences accumulate in a manner that establishes whether an individual is optimistic or pessimistic.

Question 15

According to choice theory, what does your quality world consist of?

A) Your earliest memories.
B) Mental pictures that you associate with getting one or more of your basic needs met.
C) The convergence of the collective and personal unconscious.
D) Projections and introjections that you swallowed from your early childhood caretakers.
E) Your world of both conscious and unconscious wishes.

Question 16

Which categories are included in your quality world?

A) The self, the spirit, and the interaction.
B) People, things and experiences, ideas or systems of belief.
C) Rivers of emotion, lakes of selfishness, and islands of conscience.
D) Views of the self, others, and the future.
E) None of the above.

Question 17

When practicing reality therapy, what do you need to do with respect to a client's quality world?

A) Understand what is in your client's quality world.
B) Get into your client's quality world.
C) Include the client in your quality world.
D) Only a and b.
E) Only b and c.

Question 18

Glasser's concept of total behavior includes which four distinct but inseparable components that are always occurring simultaneously?

A) Smelling, tasting, feeling, thinking.
B) Being, seeing, acting, hearing.
C) Acting, thinking, feeling, physiology.
D) Believing, wishing, thinking, and imagery.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

In the reality therapy car metaphor, the rear wheels are _________ and ________ and are indirectly controlled through front wheel _________ and _________.

A) Acting, thinking; feelings, physiology.
B) Feelings, actions; physiology, thinking.
C) Feelings, physiology; acting, thinking.
D) Acting, physiology; feelings, thinking.
E) None of the above.

Question 20

By definition, a front-wheel homework assignment for a client would involve which of the following?

A) Thoughts and feelings.
B) Thoughts and physiology.
C) Feelings and physiology.
D) Behaviors and feelings.
E) Thoughts and actions.

Question 21

Glasser uses verbs like _________ and _________ to describe human problems.

A) Giving, taking.
B) Feelings, physiology.
C) Moving, stopping.
D) Depressing, angering.
E) None of the above are used by Glasser.

Question 22

Which of the following is the best description of William Glasser's views on mental illness?

A) Mental illnesses are biogenetic disorders and therefore generally should be treated with medications.
B) Mental illness does not exist.
C) Combining medical (medication) and psychological (counseling) approaches is what gives clients the best chance for a positive treatment outcome.
D) Milder forms of mental illness (e.g., depression or anxiety) should be treated without medications, whereas more severe forms of mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia) should be treated with counseling and medications.
E) Both c and d are consistent with Glasser's views.

Question 23

What does Glasser consider the main reason why clients come for therapy?

A) Clinical depression.
B) Demoralization.
C) Unhappiness in the work or vocational setting.
D) A sense of apathy-which is relatively common in the twenty-first century.
E) Unhappiness in an important relationship.

Question 24

According to Glasser, the purpose of pathological behavior is to accomplish which three goals?

A) Forgetting memories, changing others, establishing identity.
B) Restraining anger, getting help, avoiding things.
C) Getting help, getting attention, avoiding decisions.
D) Making connections, feeling attractive, seeking wholeness.
E) Getting attention, power, and revenge.

Question 25

Glasser described three purposes or goals of client psychopathology. Which of the following theoretical perspectives is this way of conceptualizing psychopathology consistent with?

A) Psychoanalytic theory.
B) Person-centered theory.
C) Existential theory.
D) Gestalt theory.
E) Individual psychology.

Question 26

Which of the following is the first axiom of choice theory?

A) The only person whose behavior we can control is our own.
B) All we can give another person is information.
C) All long-lasting psychological problems are relationship problems.
D) The problem relationship is always part of our present life.
E) None of the above.

Question 27

Which statement(s) is/are most consistent with the choice theory/reality therapy perspective on standardized assessment?

A) Although Glasser doesn't use standardized assessments, other reality therapists may choose to do so.
B) Glasser supports standardized assessment as a meaningful way to evaluate clients.
C) There are no standardized assessments that evaluate choice theory issues or concepts.
D) None of the above are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 28

Which is NOT one of Glasser's seven caring habits?

A) Encouraging.
B) Interpreting.
C) Accepting.
D) Trusting.
E) Listening.

Question 29

Which of the following is most useful in reality therapy?

A) Constructive criticism.
B) Positive punishment.
C) Gentle confrontation.
D) Guttural chanting.
E) Positive reinforcement for reasonable and adaptive behaviors.

Question 30

In reality therapy, counselors use confrontation to:

A) Help clients engage in self-examination.
B) Access a client's subconscious pain.
C) Question the usefulness of client excuses.
D) All of the above.
E) Only a and c.

Question 31

In schools, reality therapy is sometimes referred to as:

A) Responsibility training.
B) Personal control development.
C) Right choice, bright voice.
D) Recess.
E) Token economies.

Question 32

Robert Wubbolding developed the four big questions of choice theory. Which of the following is not an example of one of the four questions?

A) "What do you want?"
B) "What are you doing?"
C) "Should you make a new plan?"
D) "Is it working?"
E) "If you were well, how would your life look?"

Question 33

Caitlin is looking for a job and complaining about the bad economy. Her reality therapist asks her if her complaining is helping her get what she wants. What is the purpose of Caitlin's therapist's question?

A) To shame Caitlin into seeking a job more vigorously.
B) To encourage Caitlin.
C) To empathize with Caitlin.
D) To spit in Caitlin's soup.
E) To push Caitlin toward a more reasonable self-evaluation.

Question 34

Stan's counselor is practicing reality therapy. One thing Stan has noticed is that his therapist is not inclined to discuss past events . . . with one exception. What type of past event do you think Stan's reality therapist is interested in talking about?

A) Traumas.
B) Successes.
C) Parent-child relationships.
D) Failures.
E) Specific childhood memories related to Stan's self-schema.

Question 35

Which of the following words is/are not used by Wubbolding to describe the essential ingredients of an effective plan?

A) Quantitative.
B) Qualitative.
C) Attainable.
D) Both a and b are not used.
E) Both a and c are not used.

Question 36

Which sort of relationship between therapist and client is the best descriptor of how reality therapists interact with clients?

A) The therapist is expert.
B) The therapist is a collaborator, and doesn't offer any direct guidance.
C) The therapist is like a coach who sometimes offers guidance.
D) The therapist is an equal partner.
E) The therapist just sits quietly in the room.

Question 37

Which acronym is used to help us remember the qualities of a good plan?

A) WDEP.
B) STOP.
C) PST.
D) SAMIC³.
E) CAMIC².

Question 38

In a recent study comparing the efficacy of a 12-week choice theory (CT) group versus a 12-week motivational interviewing (MI) group, researchers found:

A) Both groups had approximately the same treatment outcomes.
B) The MI group had more positive treatment outcomes.
C) The CT group had more positive treatment outcomes.
D) The control group outcome was statistically the same as both the MI and CT groups.
E) There hasn't been any controlled research like this on CT/RT.

Question 39

According to Wubbolding, there is no exact Japanese translation for the word plan. Therefore:

A) Reality therapists must teach Japanese clients the true meaning of plan.
B) Reality therapists must modify their language to help Japanese clients understand and use choice theory.
C) Reality therapy shouldn't be used with Japanese clients.
D) None of the above is true.
E) Only a and b are true.

Question 40

Most empirical research on reality therapy is positive, but the research is limited because:

A) Much of it has used small sample groups as well as small control and comparison groups.
B) Much of it has used large sample groups and hasn't included a control or comparison group.
C) Much of it has used small sample groups and hasn't included a control or comparison group.
D) There hasn't been any research on reality therapy, so all of the preceding statements are false.
E) Both a and b are true.