Deck 10: Release From Incarceration

Question 1

Which country originated the practice of releasing offenders before the end of their sentence, now known as conditional release?

A) Canada
B) Australia
C) United States
D) New Zealand

Answer 1

Australia

Question 2

What form of early release involved a reigning king or queen granting a pardon or remission for humanitarian reasons or because the severity of the sentence far exceeded the severity of the crime?

A) Royal Assent
B) Royal Release
C) Royal Prerogative
D) Royal Pardon

Answer 2

Royal Prerogative

Question 3

Which 19th century penal reformist was superintendent of a penal colony for incorrigible and irredeemable offenders, and observed, "the harsh and brutalizing conditions in prisons did little to encourage convicts to be good citizens and, in fact, did much to ensure that they would become hardened criminals"?

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) T. L. Scott
C) Wickland
D) Alexander Maconochie

Answer 3

Alexander Maconochie

Question 4

What legislation brought about the reforms whereby some Canadian jurisdictions began adopting indeterminate sentences and a mark system for juvenile offenders, and adult offenders could qualify for a "ticket of leave"?

A) Conditional Liberation of Penitentiary Convicts
B) An Act to Introduce the Ticket to Leave
C) First Dominion Early Release Act
D) An Act to Amend the Ticket to Leave

Question 5

In what year was the first Dominion parole officer appointed in Canada?

A) 1890
B) 1895
C) 1900
D) 1905

Question 6

What legislation sets out the purpose and principles of conditional release?

A) Ticket of Leave Act
B) Charter of Conditional Leave
C) Corrections and Conditional Release Act
D) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Question 7

What paramount consideration is emphasized in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, sections 100 and 100.1?

A) the security of prisoners in custody
B) the protection of society
C) the rehabilitation of the prisoner
D) the education of the prisoner

Question 8

What type of release is described when a provincial offender is released with NO supervision after serving two-thirds of her sentence?

A) cold turkey release
B) conditional release
C) unrestricted release
D) warrant expiry release

Question 9

A repeat pedophilia offender has been declared a dangerous offender and has just begun an indeterminate sentence. When will he be eligible for a full parole hearing?

A) in 7 years
B) in 10 years
C) in 15 years
D) never

Question 10

A provincial offender is sentenced to 12 months in prison and applies for release after serving two months. What type of release has the offender applied for?

A) remission
B) discharge
C) day parole
D) full parole

Question 11

What type of condition requires an offender who is released on full parole to avoid the store that she was convicted of shoplifting from?

A) a required condition
B) an optional condition
C) a mandatory condition
D) an additional condition

Question 12

What term refers to the authority that a parole board grants so that inmates can participate in community-based activities in preparation for full release (e.g., for job search), while returning at night to an institution, a community residential facility, or a halfway house?

A) statutory release
B) day parole
C) full parole
D) escorted temporary absence

Question 13

What term refers to the mandatory conditional release of a federal offender by law, and is NOT a decision made by the Parole Board of Canada?

A) statutory release
B) earned release
C) parole exemption
D) non-applicable release

Question 14

What provision allows incarcerated provincial/territorial offenders to gain early release through good behaviour and is often referred to as "cold turkey" release, as there is NO supervision by a probation or parole officer?

A) statutory release
B) day parole
C) mitigating release
D) earned remission

Question 15

What is the 12-month court-imposed supervision order that prohibits a sex offender who has completed his prison sentence from participating in activities that involve children under the age of 16?

A) sexual predator bond
B) judicial recognizance
C) dangerous offender order
D) long-term supervision order

Question 16

What was Canada's federal day parole grant rate in 2010-11?

A) 31 percent
B) 52 percent
C) 57 percent
D) 67 percent

Question 17

What was the Canada's federal full parole grant rate in 2010-11?

A) 17 percent
B) 29 percent
C) 39 percent
D) 49 percent

Question 18

Which legislation, later abolished by Harper Conservative government, enabled non-violent, first-time federal offenders to be released from custody after serving one-sixth of their sentence if they were deemed unlikely to commit a violent crime?

A) Accredited Early Parole
B) Accelerated Parole Review
C) Non-violent Early Release Petition
D) Early Affected Release

Question 19

Which activity is NOT permitted by a criminal lawyer who is attending a hearing?

A) plea bargaining
B) acting in an adversarial manner
C) extending the examination in chief
D) refusing to cross-examine a witness

Question 20

When an offender successfully obtains parole, what document outlines the standard and special conditions deemed reasonable and necessary to protect society and facilitate the offender's rehabilitation?

A) parole differential
B) parole certificate
C) parole release authorization
D) non-custodial release guarantee

Question 21

In which province can a victim attend a parole hearing to provide a victim impact statement?

A) Québec
B) Ontario
C) Alberta
D) British Columbia

Question 22

Which issue in parole board decision making is exemplified when two inmates appear before the Parole Board of Canada with the same risk and need profiles, offence histories, completion of treatment programming, and release plans, but one inmate is granted full parole while the other is denied full parole?

A) There is an absence of clearly defined criteria.
B) Boards may be subject to public and political influence.
C) There is an absence of case information feedback to parole board members.
D) There is an absence of cultural sensitivity training provided to parole board members.

Question 23

What does research evidence reveal about the effectiveness of conditional release?

A) The successful completion rates for full parole are around 95 percent.
B) The successful completion rates for day parole are around 60 percent.
C) The successful completion rates for statutory release are around 45 percent.
D) The successful completion rates for unescorted temporary absences are around 75 percent.

Question 24

Identify and describe the five sentencing milestones for offenders who are incarcerated.

Question 25

Identify and describe the significance of the documents in the inmate-applicant's parole file that the parole board considers when determining the release situations for an offender.