Deck 3: Contemporary Canadian Corrections

Question 1

What primary piece of legislation guides the operation of Canada's federal correctional system?

A) Corrections and Conditional Release Act
B) The Constitution Act (1867)
C) North American Convention on Correctional Practices
D) United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners

Answer 1

Corrections and Conditional Release Act

Question 2

What primary "law of the land guarantees fundamental freedoms, legal rights, and equality rights for all citizens of Canada, including those accused of crimes"?

A) Criminal Code
B) The Constitution Act (1867)
C) Canadian Bill of Rights
D) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Answer 2

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Question 3

According to your textbook, of all cases reported to the police, what percentage ultimately results in a prison sentence?

A) 0-5 percent
B) 10-15 percent
C) 20-25 percent
D) 30-35 percent

Answer 3

0-5 percent

Question 4

What does the "split personality" of corrections refer to?

A) the rules separating correctional jurisdictions
B) classical versus radical approaches to offenders
C) critical versus conservative approaches to punishment
D) punishment versus treatment as the goals of corrections

Question 5

Which of the following best reflects the present mission statement of Correctional Service Canada?

A) an attempt to ensure that incarceration changes offenders' attitude toward crime
B) a movement toward an attitude of "tough-on-crime"
C) an attempt to balance the protection of society with the rights of offenders
D) a movement to match the philosophy of the American "three strikes" rule

Question 6

Which of the following best reflects the "rule of law," which forms the basis of Canadian society today, including Canada's criminal justice system and system of corrections?

A) All people must obey the law, except for those in the criminal justice system.
B) Governments and individuals are subject to and must abide by the law.
C) Only if you are caught will you be subject to the laws of Canada.
D) Justice must be swift and sure, and the punishment must be severe.

Question 7

What do judges, citizen advisory committees, and community volunteers have in common?

A) They are all carceral components of systems of corrections.
B) They are all noncarceral components of systems of corrections.
C) They are all government components of systems of corrections.
D) They are all non-government components of systems of corrections.

Question 8

A federal inmate is applying for day parole before a parole board in Ontario. Which agency is making the conditional release decision?

A) Ontario Parole Board
B) Parole Board of Canada
C) Ontario Correctional Services
D) Correctional Service of Canada

Question 9

What is the significance of the two-year rule?

A) It is a now-repealed law that established correctional jurisdiction in Canada.
B) It is the foundation for the division of responsibility for convicted offenders in Canada.
C) It is the maximum length of time that offenders can remain under supervision in the community.
D) It is the requirement that judges sentence offenders convicted of certain offences to confinement for at least two years.

Question 10

In what year was the two-year rule established for Canadian corrections?

A) 1847
B) 1857
C) 1867
D) 1877

Question 11

What is a major negative implication that has been attributed to a sentence in the provincial correctional system instead of the federal correctional system?

A) The shorter sentence period makes it difficult to provide treatment programs.
B) The fast turnover rate prevents prisoners from getting to know one another.
C) The food and living conditions are substandard compared with the federal system.
D) Provincial correctional facilities are typically located far from prisoners' families.

Question 12

On average, how long is an offender incarcerated in a provincial corrections institution?

A) 1 month
B) 4 months
C) 11 months
D) 18 months

Question 13

What do probation, fine options, bail supervision, community service, and diversion programs have in common?

A) All are programs and services offered by municipalities.
B) All are programs and services offered by private contractors.
C) All are programs and services offered by provinces/territories.
D) All are programs and services offered by the federal government.

Question 14

A judge imposes a sentence of 80 community service hours and one year of probation. Who has jurisdiction over the offender?

A) the federal system of corrections
B) a municipal system of corrections
C) a community corrections service provider
D) a provincial/territorial system of corrections

Question 15

Which term refers to the status of accused persons who have been charged and detained in custody and have either been denied bail, have yet to appear before a judge, or are awaiting sentencing?

A) post-sentence incarceration
B) remedial/therapeutic incarceration.
C) psychiatric evaluation incarceration
D) remand

Question 16

Which agency examines the complaints of federal inmates who have formally complained about being placed in administrative segregation?

A) Citizens Advisory Committee
B) Independent Investigations Office
C) Union of Provincial Ombudspersons
D) Office of the Correctional Investigator

Question 17

Who are the members of the Citizen Advisory Committees that are designed to provide an alternative view in corrections?

A) provincial government employees acting as a conduit to the community
B) local citizens and volunteers
C) trained and employed members of Correctional Service Canada
D) local citizens who have experience in the correctional services

Question 18

Which not-for-profit agency assists Canada's correctional services system and lobbies for reform at all levels of the criminal justice system, with a particular focus on women in conflict with the law?

A) Religions for Freedom
B) Salvation Army
C) PACT Urban Peace Programs
D) Elizabeth Fry Society

Question 19

Community sentiment on corrections is often expressed through interest groups that lobby for harsher sanctions for convicted persons, longer periods of incarceration, and more stringent requirements for release. Which term best describes Canadian citizens' role in corrections?

A) reactive
B) proactive
C) blasé
D) laissez-faire

Question 20

According to the most recent General Social Survey rating of the performance of the various facets of the criminal justice system, which statement best reflects the Canadian public's perception of correctional services?

A) Prisons do a poor job of rehabilitating offenders and releasing offenders at the right time.
B) The police and corrections are equally poor in terms of providing a quality service.
C) The courts and corrections work toward being too lenient on offenders.
D) Corrections as a whole is doing a very good job.

Question 21

Which of the following is defined as "the resistance of community residents to efforts of corrections systems to locate programming and residences for offenders in the community"?

A) NOTE (Not over There Either)
B) NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard)
C) NIMN (Not in My Neighbourhood)
D) NIAC (Not in Anyone's Community)

Question 22

What is a key feature of the concept of restorative justice?

A) community involvement in addressing the issues surrounding a criminal offence
B) the imposition of severe punishment on the offender
C) the ability to have the community show their disdain for the offender
D) allowing the victim to criticize offenders and their actions

Question 23

An offender is given a 14-month term of imprisonment. Who has jurisdiction over the offender?

A) private correctional authorities
B) federal correctional authorities
C) municipal correctional authorities
D) provincial/territorial correctional authorities

Question 24

In the past, policies and regulations were lacking inside Canada's correctional services. The public and the government both had a simple ideal of a "hands-off" approach. What went on behind the walls was not talked about. Public outcry and progressive research has led to a shift in the perspective of protection of inmates and staff's human rights. Systems of corrections now must adhere to a number of human rights obligations. Summarize the four key principles:

Question 25

Concerns about the effectiveness of the traditional adversarial system of criminal justice and a variety of other influences have led to the search for alternative ways to respond to people in conflict with the law. Restorative justice is based on many various principles. List and describe these various principles.