Deck 9: The Power of the Group

Question 1

Which of the following represents an example of social facilitation?

A) A talented musician performs better in front of a instructor than an audience.
B) An individual's test score improves after studying with a group of friends the previous evening.
C) An individual concentrates better on his exam after the teacher moves him to a more quiet room.
D) An individual runs faster with a group of friends than by herself.

Answer 1

An individual runs faster with a group of friends than by herself.

Question 2

According to the concept of social facilitation,a social psychologist would predict that a talented pool player will perform ________ in front of an audience.

A) better
B) worse
C) the same
D) slightly worse

Answer 2

better

Question 3

Which of the following refers to the idea that just having another person present is enough to cause psychical arousal?

A) Mere presence
B) Distraction
C) Evaluation apprehension
D) Appraisal apprehension

Answer 3

Mere presence

Question 4

Your basketball team is up by 50 points at halftime only to lose in the final seconds of the game due to your star player missing his free throw shots.If your teammate experienced increased arousal from the potential of being judged by the audience,this could be described as arousal due to:

A) evaluation apprehension.
B) mere presence.
C) decreased self-awareness.
D) distraction.

Question 5

According to the distraction conflict theory,when an individual is tackling a simple task,their motivation _____________ compared to if she is tackling a difficult task.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) stays the same
D) deteriorates

Question 6

The physiological arousal created by the presence of others enhances the ________ response.

A) dominant
B) non-dominant
C) correct
D) incorrect

Question 7

The extent to which a group is connected refers to the_________ of a group.

A) unanimity
B) structure
C) cohesion
D) consistency

Question 8

Zajonc and colleagues found that cockroaches performed worse in the presence of other cockroaches and better by themselves when tested in a complex maze.Their findings support the idea that _________ leads to increased arousal.

A) distraction
B) evaluation apprehension
C) mere presence
D) task difficulty

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor that may lead to increased arousal?

A) The complexity of a task
B) Distraction
C) Evaluation apprehension
D) Mere presence

Question 10

Who would be the most likely to experience improved performance in the presence of an audience?

A) Terry, who is a competent ski instructor.
B) John, who just learned how to play pool.
C) Sarah, who plays tennis in the summers.
D) Tim, who is a talented Olympic swimmer.

Question 11

In what is now considered a seminal study in social psychology,Norman Triplett timed participants winding a fishing reel as fast as possible.He found that the presence of others impacted performance in what way?

A) The presence of others did not impact participants' performance.
B) The presence of others hindered participants' performance.
C) The presence of others improved participants' performance.
D) The presence of others sometimes improved and sometimes hindered participants' performance.

Question 12

According to the concept of social facilitation,a social psychologist would predict that a novice pool player will perform ________ in front of an audience.

A) the same
B) better
C) worse
D) slightly better

Question 13

________ is the idea that one's performance will be hindered or heightened due to approval or disapproval from others.

A) Evaluation apprehension
B) Mere presence
C) Arousal
D) Assessment apprehension

Question 14

According to one study described in your textbook,an individual who spends a lot of time with a heavy drinker is _________to also drink to excess.

A) 20% less likely
B) 50% more likely
C) 20% more likely
D) not likely

Question 15

What is a proposed reason why sports teams have a tendency to lose critical games more often on their home turf?

A) Self-awareness decreases which decreases performance.
B) Increased pressure to succeed results in increased self-consciousness which then decreases performance.
C) Members of sports teams have less self-confidence in their abilities when they play on their home turf.
D) Self-monitoring decreases which decreases performance.

Question 16

Well established groups are often characterized by all of the following EXCEPT?

A) Common goals
B) Common motives
C) Defined roles and statuses
D) Absence of social rank or hierarchy among group members

Question 17

_________refers to the idea that a person performing a task in front of others experiences a conflict of attention between the audience and the task at hand.

A) evaluation apprehension
B) distraction conflict theory
C) interruption conflict theory
D) disruption conflict theory

Question 18

Research suggests that the presence of others can have either a positive or negative impact on our performance.According to information presented in your textbook,what factor helps to determine whether performance is enhanced or hindered by others?

A) The complexity of the task
B) The age of the individual
C) The familiarity of the task
D) How time-consuming the task is

Question 19

A _________is defined as two or more people who are seen as a unit and interact with one another.

A) mass
B) group
C) clan
D) crowd

Question 20

Which of the following groups would likely have the highest level of cohesion?

A) A family vacationing in Italy
B) A group of people in line at a drugstore
C) A crowd of people at a concert
D) A group of classmates working on a school project

Question 21

Research suggests that as self-awareness decreases ________ will likely increase.

A) evaluation apprehension
B) performance
C) deindividuation
D) social facilitation

Question 22

The three antecedent conditions associated with deindividuation are anonymity,arousal and_________.

A) increased feelings of responsibility
B) reduced feelings of responsibility
C) anti-social personality tendencies
D) poor impulse control

Question 23

_________ the personal importance of a task will _________social loafing.

A) Increasing; increase
B) Increasing; decrease
C) Changing; not affect
D) Decreasing; decrease

Question 24

The concept of __________ may help explain why big crowds of people engage in violent acts that they would normally never commit on their own.

A) social facilitation
B) social loafing
C) deindividuation
D) evaluation apprehension

Question 25

Kristen spends as little time as possible on a group paper that is due at the end of the semester because she knows that her teacher will not be able to tell how much she has contributed.Kristen's behavior is an example of:

A) social facilitation.
B) deindiviudation.
C) social loafing.
D) diffusion of responsibility.

Question 26

Robert has been found guilty by a jury of his peers.Based on research presented in your textbook,a juror leaning towards a lighter sentence would recommend ______years in prison after deliberating with like-minded jurors.

A) more
B) less
C) the same
D) slightly more

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a solution to social loafing?

A) Making each group member's contributions identifiable.
B) Increasing the importance of the task.
C) Increase each group member's level of commitment.
D) Making group members anonymous to one another.

Question 28

A boss wants to decrease social loafing in his company.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

A) Every other week provide a free lunch to recognize the hard work of the entire group.
B) Every other week provide a free lunch to promote camaraderie.
C) Every Friday have each worker submit their own list of work he or she has completed.
D) Place less emphasis on the importance of a task and encourage workers to do their best.

Question 29

The association between deindiviudation and self-awareness can be characterized as:

A) curvilinear.
B) positive.
C) negative.
D) non-significant.

Question 30

You are attending a school football game with thousands of other college students.The official makes a bad call and people begin to protest by throwing things onto the field.You begin to follow the crowd and throw things as well.Your behavior illustrates an example of_______.

A) deindividuation
B) social loafing
C) distraction conflict theory
D) social facilitation

Question 31

In a study conducted by Zimbardo and colleagues,participants were directed to decide how much shock to administer to another 'subject' in the study.Participants either wore hoods that obscured their face or remained uncovered.Researchers found that:

A) participants who were not wearing hoods would have administered four times as much shock as those wearing hoods.
B) participants who wore hoods would have administered twice as much shock as those who were not wearing hoods.
C) participants who were not wearing hoods would have administered twice as much shock as those who were wearing hoods.
D) participants with and without hoods would have administered the same level of shock.

Question 32

If an employer wanted to prevent employees,who might be dissatisfied with a new policy,from developing even stronger negative attitudes towards this policy,what could he do?

A) Encourage employees to discuss the new policy with one another.
B) Allow employees to express their frustrations with the policy.
C) Try to prevent the employees from discussing the new policy with one another.
D) Provide incentives for good performance.

Question 33

Greg and his like-minded friends are discussing their views on the issue of gay marriage.After spending time sharing reasons gay marriage should be legal,their views become even stronger in support of gay rights.This example best illustrates the phenomenon of:

A) the risky group effect.
B) group polarization.
C) groupthink.
D) group facilitation.

Question 34

________ refers to the tendency for people to take greater risks than individuals would alone.

A) Group polarization
B) Risky shift
C) Deindividuation
D) Group transfer effect

Question 35

____________ refers to the tendency of an attitude to become magnified within a group after members discuss an issue among themselves.

A) Group transfer effect
B) Groupthink
C) Group polarization
D) Group facilitation

Question 36

Risky shift is somewhat related to social loafing in that both involve:

A) taking chances.
B) slacking off.
C) less accountability on the part of the individual.
D) an increase in physical arousal.

Question 37

One reason social loafing may occur is because:

A) people experience increased self-awareness.
B) people are lazy.
C) people feel increased pressure to perform.
D) people feel less responsible for an outcome when other people are present to carry the burden of the task.

Question 38

Researchers have found that __________is present in terrorist organizations.

A) group polarization
B) social loafing
C) social facilitation
D) evaluation apprehension

Question 39

Which of the following individuals would you predict is most susceptible to deindividuation?

A) Tom, who is dressed in a Halloween costume and on his way to a party.
B) Dawn, who is walking down a street and can see her reflection in store windows.
C) Jill, who is delivering a speech to a crowd of people.
D) Todd, a store manager who is helping a customer.

Question 40

According to the social identity deindividuation (SIDE)model,why does the phenomenon of deindividuation occur?

A) Because there is a loss of identity.
B) Because there is a loss of self awareness.
C) Because there is increased arousal.
D) Because there is a shift from identification with oneself to identification with the group.

Question 41

Research suggests that if you are unable to achieve your goals and feel frustrated,you might do which of the following?

A) Change your attitude to match your behavior.
B) Distract yourself with another activity to avoid feeling frustrated.
C) Blame another individual for failure to achieve your goals.
D) Blame yourself.

Question 42

Rules or expectations regarding desirable behaviors that group members strive to follow are known as________.

A) social roles
B) group norms
C) transactional norms
D) transformational norms

Question 43

Which of the following is mentioned as an explanation for the phenomenon of group polarization?

A) Anonymity
B) Persuasive arguments
C) Social comparison
D) Both persuasive arguments and social comparison

Question 44

A(n)________leader welcomes new approaches for problem solving and creates internal motivation among group members.

A) transactional
B) authoritarian
C) transformational
D) totalitarian

Question 45

________ is a manner of thinking where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic evaluation of other solutions.

A) Group polarization
B) Groupthink
C) Social facilitation
D) Social loafing

Question 46

A(n)________leader rewards good behavior,but ultimately only takes action when something goes wrong.

A) transactional
B) authoritarian
C) transformational
D) totalitarian

Question 47

_________is the perceived incompatibility of actions,goals,or ideas.

A) Combat
B) Warfare
C) Conflict
D) Groupthink

Question 48

Michael is the manager of a paper company who views the salespeople in his office as subordinates that need to obey his instructions.Michael is an example of a ________ leader.

A) transactional
B) authoritarian
C) transformational
D) totalitarian

Question 49

You see a driver on the highway weaving in and out lanes of traffic and driving rather erratically.You make the assumption that this person is a crazy driver who has no regard for the safety of others.However,you are unaware that he is furiously trying to get his sick daughter the hospital.In this instance you have engaged in which of the following?

A) Hostile attribution bias
B) False consensus effect
C) External attribution bias
D) Trait attribution bias

Question 50

According to your textbook,one suggested way of reducing or avoiding the hostile attribution bias and the reactions that go along with it is to:

A) remain aware of the tendency people have to engage in this attribution bias.
B) avoid interacting with people.
C) use heuristics.
D) process information through the peripheral route.

Question 51

Which theory argues that conflict stems from competition for limited resources (e.g.,money)?

A) Realistic Group Conflict Theory
B) Realism Theory
C) Social Conflict Theory.
D) Social Group Conflict Theory

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a solution to groupthink?

A) Training members in group decision making.
B) Excluding members outside of the group.
C) Working with diverse people.
D) Being open to criticism.

Question 53

If you wanted to be part of best performing group at your company,you would likely want what type of leader to run your office?

A) A transactional leader
B) An authoritarian leader.
C) A transformational leader
D) A totalitarian leader

Question 54

_________coined the term 'groupthink' after examining the _________.

A) Janis; the Bay of Pigs invasion.
B) Janis; the challenger space shuttle disaster.
C) Stoner; the Bay of Pigs invasion.
D) Stoner; the challenger space shuttle disaster.

Question 55

Researchers have found that people tend to view _______ as more effective leaders than _______.

A) men; women
B) younger men and older women; older men
C) women; men
D) younger women and younger men; older men

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with the tendency for groupthink to occur?

A) Diversity among groups members
B) A strong sense of unity among group members.
C) The presence of group norms.
D) The desire to promote harmony among the group members.

Question 57

Members of the board of directors of a university are deciding on which candidate to select as their next president.During this important decision,groupthink is LESS likely to occur under which of the following conditions?

A) If people feel comfortable enough to speak their minds.
B) If the board of directors has strong feeling of unity among its members.
C) If the members of the board of directors have a strong bond.
D) If there is a strong, well-intentioned leader in the group.

Question 58

Which of the following is considered a drawback of the transformational leadership style?

A) People may naively believe that their leader's confidence and passion will always translate to a positive result.
B) Transformational leaders do not welcome new approaches for problem solving.
C) The transformational leadership style does not produce internal motivation among group members.
D) Transformational leaders do not foster trust among group members.

Question 59

Which of the following was identified by Janis as a solution to groupthink?

A) Training members in group decision making.
B) Being open to criticism.
C) Working with diverse people.
D) All of the answers mentioned were identified by Janis as solutions to groupthink.

Question 60

According to your textbook,Steve Jobs of Apple,Inc would be considered an example of what type of leader?

A) Transactional leader
B) Authoritarian leader
C) Transformational leader
D) Totalitarian leader

Question 61

The extent to which a group feels connected is referred to as cohesion..

Question 62

Both transactional and transformational leaders produce the same level of performance from their employees.

Question 63

The manager of a department store wants to reduce social loafing among his employees.Describe at least two ways in which he could decrease their tendency to loaf.

Question 64

If government officials want to avoid groupthink they should consult with a diverse group of individuals while making their decision.

Question 65

In their work,both Norman Triplett and Max Ringlemann found that the presence of others increased performance.

Question 66

According to Janis,groupthink is inevitable.

Question 67

According to your textbook,what has been identified as playing an important role in conflict,often causing disputes that need not take place?

A) Bargaining
B) Biased attributions
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Internal attributions

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a means of resolving conflict with bargaining?

A) Making offers
B) Making demands
C) Making concessions
D) Making counteroffers

Question 69

Name and describe the three factors that may lead to arousal.

Question 70

When people come together to discuss their ideas for resolving conflicts,this is known as:

A) bargaining.
B) negotiation.
C) confrontation.
D) bargaining and negotiation.

Question 71

If Anna is an accomplished violinist she will perform worse in the presence of other people.

Question 72

Co-workers working together on a report would be considered a.
group.

Question 73

Which of the following has been identified as a source of conflict?

A) bargaining
B) biased perceptions
C) communication errors
D) communication errors and biased perceptions

Question 74

GRIT appears to work on the basis of the ability of both parties to do which of the following?

A) Carefully support the viewpoint of their own party.
B) Argue convincingly.
C) Make concessions.
D) Hold firm to their convictions.

Question 75

Decreasing self-awareness increases the likelihood of deindividuation.

Question 76

Social loafing has only been identified in adults.

Question 77

An individual high in the need for cognition is less likely to engage in social loafing.

Question 78

Jonathon lets his co-workers do most of the work on a budge report because his boss will not be able to identify his contribution.This is an example of social loafing.

Question 79

The GRIT method of conflict resolution works through each party making demands from the other party.

Question 80

GRIT is a step-by-step formula for:

A) de-escalating a conflict.
B) reducing groupthink.
C) reducing social loafing.
D) learning how to become a transformational leader.