Deck 16: Gastrointestinal Function

Question 1

Mini, Little and Big are all descriptors for which of the following peptides?

A) Secretin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Gastrin
D) Cholecystokinin

Answer 1

Gastrin

Question 2

The structure of cholecystokinin (CCK) is described as:

A) Linear polypeptide with multiple molecular forms.
B) Folded and twisted protein.
C) Large polysaccharide.
D) Saturated fatty acid.

Answer 2

Linear polypeptide with multiple molecular forms.

Question 3

Which of the following compounds key physiological action includes stimulation of insulin secretion in the presence of hyperglycemia and increasing intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion?

A) Bile acid
B) Gastrin
C) Secretin
D) Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

Answer 3

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

Question 4

Which of the following represents two primary functions of the GI tract?

A) Assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste
B) Anaerobic respiration and bicarbonate excretion
C) Release of hypothalamic factors and maintenance of blood pressure
D) Detoxification of drugs and transmethylation of drug metabolites

Question 5

Transmural inflammation is associated with:

A) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
B) Bile salt malabsorption.
C) Crohn's disease.
D) Celiac disease.

Question 6

A gastrinoma is classified as which of the following?

A) Pituitary adenoma
B) Neuroendocrine tumor (NET)
C) Hematoma
D) Glomma

Question 7

Which of the following GI disorders is characterized by a modified gut immune function?

A) Celiac disease
B) Carcinoid tumor
C) Achalasia
D) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 8

Which of the following cells contain cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A) G cells from the gut
B) B cells from the pancreas
C) S cells from the salivary glands
D) I cells from the upper small intestinal mucosa

Question 9

Which of the following is test(s) are clinically useful for assessing patients with possible mucosal blood loss?

A) 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid
B) Serum glucose and insulin
C) Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
D) Whole blood lead

Question 10

Which of the following is a useful clinical laboratory test for bile salt malabsorption?

A) Measurement of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
B) Measurement of 7?-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
C) Measurement of cholesterol
D) Measurement of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)

Question 11

Which of the following clinical laboratory tests is useful for diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

A) Basal acid output and IgM
B) Serum measurement of IgM and CagA
C) Serum measurement of IgA, IgG, and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)
D) Alpha -1-antitrypsin

Question 12

A patient with suspected protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) would have which of the following laboratory results?

A) Fecal clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin
B) No change in serum protein or albumin
C) Decreased serum protein and increased albumin
D) Elevated serum protein and albumin

Question 13

Which of the following GI peptides relaxes smooth muscles of gut, blood, and genitourinary system; increases water and electrolyte secretion; and stimulates the release of hormones from pancreas, gut, and hypothalamus?

A) Gastrin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
D) Secretin

Question 14

Which of the following statements is correct regarding glycocholic and taurocholate acid?

A) They are carbohydrates synthesized in the liver.
B) They are bile acids synthesized in the liver.
C) They are bile acids synthesized in the kidney.
D) They are triglycerides synthesized in the liver.

Question 15

Which of the following test results are correct for a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A) Elevated serum gastrin, increase in basal gastric acid output
B) Decrease serum gastrin, decreased in basal gastric acid output
C) Elevated serum gastrin, decreased in basal gastric acid output
D) Decrease serum gastrin, increase in basal gastric acid output

Question 16

The cutoff point for fasting serum glucose in the lactose tolerance test is > 30 mg/dL (> 1.7 mmol/L). Which of the following is the correct interpretation for a patient whose fasting serum glucose is < 20 mg/dL (<1.1 mmol/L)?

A) The patient has a lactase intolerance.
B) The patient is lactose intolerant.
C) The patient has Crohn's diseases.
D) The patient is lactose tolerant.

Question 17

The consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin can lead to which of the following?

A) Heart attack
B) Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
C) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
D) Helicobacter pylori disease

Question 18

Which of the following laboratory results is consistent with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE)?

A) Hyperproteinemia
B) Hypoalbuminemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypercholesterolemia