Deck 8: Lipids

Question 1

Cholesterol is a:

A) Glycerol ester.
B) Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
C) Fatty acid.
D) Phospholipid.

Answer 1

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.

Question 2

What percentage of serum cholesterol is present in the form of esters?

A) 10-20%
B) 20-40%
C) 60-75%
D) 80-95%

Answer 2

60-75%

Question 3

Which of the following lipids are derivatives of fatty acids comprised of 20 C atoms including a 5 C cyclopentane ring?

A) Phospholipids
B) Prostaglandins
C) Triglycerides
D) Cholesterol

Answer 3

Prostaglandins

Question 4

Which of the following lipid fractions are very large molecules with a low density and give plasma a milky appearance when present in increased amounts?

A) Chylomicrons
B) VLDL
C) IDL
D) LDL
E) HDL

Question 5

Acyl-cholesterol acyltransferase:

A) Esterifies free cholesterol from the outer layer of the lipoprotein followed by a shift of the esterified cholesterol to the core of the chylomicrons.
B) Hydrolyzes triglycerides on the surface of chylomicrons to glycerol and fatty acids.
C) Converts free cholesterol to esterified cholesterol for storage.
D) Converts cholesterol to esterified cholesterol.

Question 6

Which of the following is FALSE concerning blood cholesterol concentrations?

A) Increased cholesterol is associated with diabetes mellitus.
B) Increased cholesterol is associated with hyperthyroidism.
C) Increased cholesterol is associated with nephrotic syndrome.
D) Cholesterol levels decrease following strenuous exercise.
E) Cholesterol levels are unchanged when comparing results from fasting and nonfasting blood.

Question 7

The first step in the enzymatic cholesterol reaction, which results in free cholesterol esterase, is:

A) Oxidation of cholesterol.
B) Oxidation of cholesterol esters.
C) Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters.
D) Reduction of cholesterol.
E) Reduction of cholesterol esterases.

Question 8

The enzymatic determination of glycerol in triglyceride analysis usually involves conversion of glycerol to:

A) Oleic acid.
B) Phospholipid.
C) Formaldehyde.
D) CO₂ and H₂O.
E) Glycerol phosphate.

Question 9

The serum of a freshly drawn blood sample is slightly turbid. This is probably because:

A) Triglycerides only are increased.
B) Cholesterol only is increased.
C) Both are increased.

Question 10

In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, cholesterol and triglycerides are:

A) Increased.
B) Decreased.
C) Not affected.
D) Neither is increased.

Question 11

The BORDERLINE range for cholesterol levels as determined by NCEP is:

A) Below 200 mg/dL.
B) 200-240 mg/dL.
C) Over 240 mg/dL.
D) Over 300 mg/dL.

Question 12

Select the desirable cutoff for serum LDL cholesterol recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program.

A) 80 mg/dL
B) 100 mg/dL
C) 150 mg/dL
D) 200 mg/dL

Question 13

Which of the following test combinations indicates the HIGHEST risk for coronary heart disease?

A) Increased total cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol
B) Increased total cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol
C) Decreased total cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol
D) Decreased total cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol

Question 14

A 52-year-old man went to his doctor for a physical examination. The patient was overweight and had missed his last two appointments because of business dealings. His blood pressure was elevated, his cholesterol was 250 mg/dL, and his triglyceride was 170 mg/dL. A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol test was performed and the result was 30 mg/dL (20-60 mg/dL). Which of the following would be this patient's calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value?

A) 157 mg/dL
B) 186 mg/dL
C) 200 mg/dL
D) Cannot be determined from the information given

Question 15

Which apolipoprotein has the ability to INCREASE the risk of coronary heart disease?

A) Apo A1
B) Apo B100
C) Apo B48
D) Apo E11

Question 16

The Friedwald formula for estimating LDL cholesterol should NOT be used when:

A) HDL cholesterol is greater than 40 mg/dL.
B) Triglyceride is greater than 400 mg/dL.
C) Plasma shows no visible evidence of lipemia.
D) Total cholesterol is elevated based on the age and sex of the patient.

Question 17

HDL cholesterol + LDL cholesterol + chylomicrons ? HDL. Which is NOT used as a precipitating reagent for determining cholesterol?

A) Heparin-manganese chloride
B) Dextran-sulfate-Mn (II)
C) Phosphotungstate-Mn (II)
D) Sulfosalicylic acid

Question 18

Which of the following is a group of interrelated metabolic risk factors that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?

A) Metabolic syndrome
B) Hypercholesterolemia
C) Syndrome B
D) Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 19

Risk factors for coronary heart disease include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Diabetes mellitus.
B) Other forms of atherosclerotic disease.
C) Hypertension.
D) High HDL cholesterol.

Question 20

The National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III goal for desirable HDL cholesterol is:

A) < 100 mg/dL.
B) ? 60 mg/dL.
C) < 200 mg/dL.
D) > 40 mg/dL.

Question 21

The following are criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome EXCEPT:

A) Elevated waist circumference.
B) Elevated triglycerides.
C) Reduced HDL-C.
D) Low fasting glucose.

Question 22

Secondary causes of elevated LDL include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Hypothyroidism.
B) Chronic renal failure.
C) Obstructive liver disease.
D) Hyperthyroidism.