Deck 8: Knowledge Engineering and Acquisition

Question 1

Both knowledge engineers and system analysts have the same goal; to create a thorough specification of an information system that can be successfully implemented.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Knowledge engineers need to have a high degree of domain knowledge combined with a broad set of system development skills.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Each expert system is a one-of-a-kind system and its success is predicated on the skill of the KEs to extract knowledge that is deeply hidden in the mind of a human expert.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Data are facts, measurements, or observations with or without context.

Question 5

Apples and oranges are an example of data.

Question 6

Information is knowledge organized in a manner as to render it useful and relevant to a problem solver in making decisions.

Question 7

Knowledge is the application of a combination of instincts, ideas, rules, procedures, and information to guide the actions and decisions of a problem solver within a particular problem context.

Question 8

Knowledge is an interpretation made by the mind.

Question 9

If a system contains a knowledge representation, such as a model or rule set, of something, then the system itself can also be said to have knowledge, namely the knowledge embodied in that representation about that thing.

Question 10

In the knowledge representation perspective, knowledge is seen as a set of stocks or inventories in which items are transferred from one stock to another based on process or external event.

Question 11

As the state of knowledge is increased, the chance for information overload is diminished and the quality of the knowledge is extended.

Question 12

In knowledge acquisition (KA), the elicitation, gathering, organizing, and formalization of the knowledge of experts in a specific domain is conducted with the goal of transforming that knowledge into some computer-usable representation.

Question 13

Descriptive knowledge may be analyzed using procedural knowledge.

Question 14

The acquisition of knowledge from external sources must be an active process.

Question 15

The primary functions of the performance model are to fully define the task under study, assist in the selection of the expert(s), establish the user characteristics and performance criteria for the system, and to function as an interpretive framework for protocol analysis of the experts' responses.

Question 16

Knowledge engineer-driven acquisition is considered the most common approach to information gathering.

Question 17

Kim and Courtney proposed that knowledge be classified across strategic and performance dimensions.

Question 18

When using the expert-driven approach to KA, the expert encodes his or her own expertise and knowledge and enters it directly into the computer system.

Question 19

Interviewing is probably the most widely used and familiar of all KA techniques.

Question 20

Validation is concerned with whether or not the system we built conforms to its original specifications.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of data?

A) 23, 24, 25
B) 30, 13, 12
C) John, Adam, Kim
D) All of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following includes the application of a combination of instincts, ideas, rules and procedures to guide actions and decisions?

A) Data
B) Information
C) Knowledge
D) All of the above.

Question 23

Data organized in such a manner as to render it useful and relevant to a problem solver in making decisions is referred to as:

A) Knowledge
B) Expertise
C) Information
D) Wisdom

Question 24

The ____________ perspective suggests that learning is a form of knowledge production and that knowledge is "manufactured" as well as acquired. Knowledge is seen as a set of stocks or inventories in which items are transferred from one stock to another based on process or external event.

A) Knowledge representation
B) Production
C) Knowledge states
D) None of the above.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a predominant knowledge perspective?

A) Representation
B) Analysis
C) Production
D) States

Question 26

According to van Lohuizen, which of the following is not a knowledge state?

A) Data
B) Insight
C) Intuition
D) Decision

Question 27

According to van Lohuizen, which of the following is not a knowledge state?

A) Structured information
B) Wisdom
C) Judgment
D) None of the above.

Question 28

According to Holsapple and Whinston, which of the following is a primary knowledge type?

A) Linguistic
B) Presentation
C) Procedural
D) None of the above.

Question 29

According to Holsapple and Whinston, which of the following is a secondary knowledge type?

A) Descriptive
B) Assimilative
C) Reasoning
D) None of the above.

Question 30

The process by which elicitation, gathering, organizing, and formalization of the knowledge of experts in a specific domain is conducted with the goal of transforming that knowledge into some computer-usable representation is called:

A) Knowledge inference.
B) Requirements determination.
C) Knowledge acquisition.
D) Performance modeling.

Question 31

According to Kim and Courtney, knowledge acquisition can be classified across which two dimensions?

A) Statistical, tactical
B) Operational, stochastic
C) Strategic, tacit
D) None of the above.

Question 32

The primary vehicle by which the information necessary to construct the performance model is gathered is through verbalization by the expert, often referred to as

A) political analysis.
B) knowledge engineering.
C) protocol analysis.
D) machine-driven learning.

Question 33

Which knowledge acquisition technique requires a significant amount of up-front planning?

A) Structured interviews
B) Unstructured interviews
C) General interviews
D) None of the above.

Question 34

When using the ___________ approach to KA, the expert encodes his or her own expertise and knowledge and enters it directly into the computer system. In this regard, the expert is serving two roles: expert and KE.

A) expert-driven
B) KE-driven
C) machine-driven
D) None of the above.

Question 35

_____________is that part of the evaluation process that focuses on the performance aspects of the knowledge base.

A) Verification
B) Efficiency
C) Validation
D) Criterion measurement

Question 36

_____________ is concerned with whether or not we built a system that performs with an acceptable level of competence and accuracy.

A) Verification
B) Efficiency
C) Validation
D) Criterion measurement

Question 37

Which of the following is not part of a preinterview checklist?

A) Decide what you need to know.
B) Determine the appropriate degree of structure for the interview.
C) Determine that an interview is the best method for obtaining this information.
D) All of the above are part of a preinterview checklist.

Question 38

Which of the following is a necessary task condition for successful concurrent protocols?

A) Each task must have a clearly defined conclusion.
B) The task must be able to be completed within two protocol sessions.
C) All data must be presented to the expert in a familiar form.
D) All of the above.

Question 39

The knowledge validation measure that defines how credible the knowledge is is referred to as:

A) depth.
B) breadth.
C) face validity.
D) robustness.

Question 40

The knowledge validation measure that defines the impact of changes in the knowledge base on the quality of the outputs is referred to as:

A) sensitivity.
B) appeal.
C) adaptability.
D) None of the above.