Deck 7: Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence

Question 1

An Expert System is designed to solve a specific knowledge domain problem.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Artificial Intelligence can be defined as the study of how to make computers do things that people do better.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Reverse reasoning begins with a series of subproblems and builds into one cohesive problem statement.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All expert systems are based upon the use of reverse reasoning.

Question 5

The first artificial intelligence system was referred to as LISP.

Question 6

Categorization involves the creation of a loose set of hierarchies where lower-level pieces of information inherit characteristics from a higher-level category.

Question 7

Reasoning by expectations uses components of heuristics and categorization.

Question 8

Once we have experienced a particular situation or phenomena enough, we begin to expect it to appear in a certain manner or under a predictable set of conditions.

Question 9

Rule-based reasoning is a process in which the computer is given the characteristics of the problem space in the form of input values. It then uses the rules contained within its knowledge base to methodically change the state of the problem space to the desired condition.

Question 10

The form of knowledge that is formed from antecedents and consequents is referred to as inferential knowledge.

Question 11

The form of knowledge where the conditions take the form of a stated situation and the operative becomes an action to take when the stated situation is logically true is referred to as procedural knowledge.

Question 12

The form of knowledge whereby a conclusion is reached as a result of one or more premises being established is referred to as declarative knowledge.

Question 13

In an object network, concepts are represented as nodes and the arcs connecting the nodes represent their relationships.

Question 14

Representations of objects that are typical of a category are referred to as frames.

Question 15

In a frame, a trigger is a short procedure that can be triggered whenever a slot is created, modified or accessed.

Question 16

Frames are the most useful knowledge domain for analyzing legal precedent.

Question 17

Genetic algorithms figure out which rules from prior cycles did not fire, which rules from the prior cycle will not fire in the next cycle, and which rules from the prior cycle that did not fire are most likely to fire next.

Question 18

Neural networks are the branch of AI that most closely resemble how the human brain operates.

Question 19

The inference engine of an ES contains the specific knowledge collected from the sample of domain experts.

Question 20

The inference engine performs deductions or inferences based on rules or facts. In addition, it is capable of performing inexact or fuzzy reasoning based on probability or pattern matching.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of artificial intelligence?

A) AI focuses on how people think.
B) AI focuses on how people reason.
C) AI translates understanding into computer systems that can perform the same actions.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a type of reasoning?

A) Heursitics
B) Past experience
C) Cognitive idealism
D) None of the above.

Question 23

Which reasoning type is the most common?

A) Categorization
B) Specific rules
C) Expectations
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Which type of reasoning uses components of heuristics and categorization?

A) Specific rules
B) Expectations
C) Past experience
D) Cognitive idealism

Question 25

Which of the following forms of knowledge can be encoded via a rule set?

A) Procedural knowledge
B) Declarative knowledge
C) Inferential knowledge
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Which of the following represents entities as nodes and the arcs that connect the nodes represent relationships?

A) Object network
B) Frames
C) Knowledge network
D) None of the above.

Question 27

Which Of the following is not a daemon?

A) If modified
B) If inquiry
C) If deleted
D) If necessary

Question 28

The concept of frames is analogous to which human reasoning method?

A) Past experience
B) Heuristics
C) Categorization
D) None of the above.

Question 29

Which of the following is most useful in a knowledge domain where precedence reasoning is most appropriate?

A) Frames
B) Pattern recognition
C) Case-based reasoning
D) Rete algorithms

Question 30

Which branch of AI most closely resembles how the human brain operates?

A) Genetic algorithms
B) Neural networks
C) Machine learning
D) Rete algorithms

Question 31

Which classification of AI relies on learning from past experiences using examples and analogies?

A) Machine learning
B) Frames
C) Pattern recognition
D) Genetic algorithms

Question 32

Which component of an ES contains the domain-specific knowledge collected from the sample of domain experts during the design stage?

A) User interface
B) Knowledge base
C) Inference engine
D) All of the above.

Question 33

Which of the following is not an example of a heuristic?

A) If the meal includes red meat, then chose a red wine.
B) If the Los Angeles Lakers are playing at home, they will be favored to win.
C) Bonds always hits a home run following an intentional walk.
D) Tuesday always follows Monday.

Question 34

The _____________ performs deductions or inferences based on rules or facts. In addition, it is capable of performing inexact or fuzzy reasoning based on probability or pattern matching.

A) inference engine
B) dialog system
C) database
D) knowledge base

Question 35

Chaining is a simple method used by most IEs to produce a line of reasoning. Using this method the set of rules are organized in a recursive manner such that a fact concluded by one rule is used as the premise for the next. The two types of chaining bases which are possible in an ES are:

A) straight and link.
B) forward and backward.
C) upward and downward.
D) inside and outside.

Question 36

The ES component which provides the ES user with an area of working memory to use as a workspace for the various other components of the ES is the:

A) dialog system.
B) user interface.
C) knowledge base.
D) blackboard.

Question 37

Which of the following is not a candidate situation for ES opportunities?

A) Need to define a repetitive process to automate a manufacturing process
B) Need to evaluate a process
C) Need to control or govern a particular activity
D) Need to understand the nature of a given situation

Question 38

Which of the following is a candidate situation for ES opportunities?

A) Need for diagnosis of a problem situation
B) Need to predict the outcome of a current or future event
C) Need to evaluate and assess a prior event
D) All of the above.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a criterion for the evaluation of an expert system?

A) The system should be responsive and easy to use.
B) The knowledge base should contain generally accepted knowledge.
C) The explanatory facility should be user-friendly.
D) All of the above are criteria.

Question 40

Which of the following is a limitation associated with common ES task categories?

A) Data may be inaccurate.
B) Data may be missing.
C) Multiple symptoms can confound diagnosis.
D) All of the above are limitations.

Question 41

Define each of the following terms: