Deck 47: Environmental Law

Question 1

Business owners and managers should think of environmental regulation as narrow-based and relevant to large and small businesses alike.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Certain federal statutes create liability for owners of property that is contaminated even if the owner has not contributed to the contamination.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Federal and state statutes limit government impact on the environment, promote clean air and water, provide for hazardous waste cleanup, and protect wildlife.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The origins of environmental protections are primarily based on the common law doctrine of criminal liability.

Question 5

Business owners and managers all too often assume that environmental law and regulation is a concern only for owners of __________.

A) foreign lands
B) large industrial plants
C) residential property
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 6

Environmental laws must be thought of as having broad coverage, and understanding environmental law is important in __________.

A) limiting a company's liability
B) ensuring regulatory compliance
C) proactive business planning
D) All of these choices are correct

Question 7

Any assumption that environmental laws are not pertinent to a particular business's operation may be costly in terms of __________ and may result in missed opportunities for proactive business planning and risk control.

A) redactions
B) liability
C) omission
D) maximums

Question 8

Federal and state statutes limit government impact on the environment by __________.

A) promoting clean air and water
B) providing for hazardous waste cleanup
C) protecting wildlife
D) All of these choices are correct

Question 9

In a suit for __________, an aggrieved party sues to compel a polluter to cease polluting based on the aggrieved party's right to enjoy her property without interference from a third party.

A) nuisance
B) land use
C) crimes
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 10

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is the __________ agency tasked with enforcing federal environmental laws.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) foreign
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 11

The EPA, created in __________, works in tandem with other administrative agencies in handling a broad range of environmental concerns at the federal level.

A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1970
D) 1980

Question 12

An important feature of many federal environmental laws is that state governments are often __________ to work in conjunction with the EPA when implementing and enforcing federal environmental statutes.

A) mandated
B) volunteered
C) not mandated
D) given the choice

Question 13

__________ environmental laws are primarily administered, implemented, and enforced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

A) Municipal
B) Local
C) Federal
D) State

Question 14

Virtually every major federal environmental statute enacted since 1970 authorizes __________ allowing citizen interest groups to file a lawsuit against either a polluter who is in violation of environmental statutes or regulations or a government agency or unit that is not taking legally mandated steps to carry out environmental law enforcement.

A) indictments
B) affirmative defenses
C) citizen suits
D) foreign litigation

Question 15

Perhaps more than in any other area of the law, citizen interest organizations, also called __________, have contributed to the enforcement of environmental statutes and policy.

A) private litigants
B) watchdog groups
C) fight clubs
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 16

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a common initiator of an environmental law citizen suits?

A) the Sierra Club
B) the American Civil Liberties Union
C) the Natural Resources Defense Council
D) the Environmental Defense Fund

Question 17

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of __________ established a process that must be followed by federal agencies when they are making decisions that may reasonably impact the environment or when Congress passes a law that requires federal funding.

A) 1958
B) 1960
C) 1965
D) 1969

Question 18

The Clean Air Act authorized the EPA to establish the __________.

A) National Ambient Air Excellence Standards
B) National Ambient Air Quality Standards
C) National Ambient Air Quality Principles
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 19

A __________ requires each state to develop a collection of regulations that will help it achieve a reduction in each pollutant to below the maximum level set in the NAAQS.

A) State Implementation Plan
B) State Informational Plan
C) State Quality Control Plan
D) State Pollution Control Plan

Question 20

Clean Air Act regulations also require a new source permit when a plant owner makes substantial __________ to an existing stationary source.

A) alterations
B) modifications
C) amendments
D) clarifications

Question 21

One relatively controversial part of the Clean Air Act is the law's __________.

A) market-based approach
B) economic-based approach
C) information approach
D) sentencing approach

Question 22

Because water travels across jurisdictional boundaries and may be subject to various __________ and are necessarily addressed by a combination of federal, state, and local statutes and rules.

A) legal property rights
B) water pollution
C) conservation regulation
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 23

What law is intended to regulate active and future facilities that produce solid waste and/or hazardous materials, and it created a "cradle-to-grave" procedure for handling waste?

A) Revised Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (RERCLA).
B) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
C) Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA).
D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

Question 24

What federal statute gives the EPA broad jurisdiction to control risks that may be posed by the manufacture, processing, use, and disposal of chemical compounds?

A) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
B) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
C) Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA).
D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

Question 25

__________ law regulates the handling, proper disposal, and liability for cleanup of abandoned solid waste and hazardous materials.

A) Federal
B) Constitutional
C) Local
D) None of the choices are correct

Question 26

The Toxic Substances Control Act has both reporting and __________ components.

A) safe-delivery
B) unreasonable
C) regulatory
D) reasonable

Question 27

A __________ is defined by the law as any facility whose processes create hazardous waste.

A) transporter
B) generator
C) processor
D) facilitator

Question 28

For sites listed on the National Priorities List, government authorities then investigate the site's chain of ownership to determine any principally responsible parties (PRPs) and assess cleanup alternatives.

A) National Priorities List
B) National Liabilities List
C) Nation-wide Priorities List
D) National Properties List