Deck 13: Adolescence: Physical Development

Question 1

Puberty is controlled by a feedback loop involving glands.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Early-maturing boys become conspicuous, which leads to deviant behavior and poor body image.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The prefrontal cortex loses influence as the brain matures and the amygdala increases in prominence.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Many adolescents fail to show the insight and reasoning ability of adults due to immature frontal lobes.

Question 5

It is estimated that one adolescent in every three contracts a sexually transmitted infection each year.

Question 6

One successful way of preventing sexually transmitted infectionss may involve empowering female adolescents.

Question 7

Death rates are greater for younger adolescents than for older adolescents.

Question 8

Approximately 18% of adolescents in the United States have at least one serious health problem.

Question 9

Genetic factors may connect eating disorders with perfectionist personality styles.

Question 10

Some psychoanalysts suggest that anorexia nervosa represents an effort to remain prepubescent.

Question 11

Stimulants lower inhibitions and relax and intoxicate the user.

Question 12

Marijuana impairs perceptual-motor coordination and short-term memory.

Question 13

A study by Johnston et al. (2011) has shown that for every substance assessed, adolescent males are more likely than female adolescents to have used or abused the substance.

Question 14

Alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for 15-to 24-year-olds.

Question 15

Substance abuse is characterized by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

Question 16

What does the statement "adolescents are neither fish nor fowl" mean?

A) Adolescents' interests are neither those of children nor those of adults.
B) Adolescents are impossible to understand.
C) Adolescents ignore the social norms of both parents and peer groups.
D) Adolescents are neither children nor adults.

Question 17

Adolescence is defined as

A) age 16 to 21.
B) a transitional "coming of age" period between childhood and adulthood.
C) a time of conflict with one's parents.
D) beginning at the onset of puberty and ending when puberty is over.

Question 18

In the United States, why has it become difficult to determine when one has become an adult?

A) It hasn't; one is an adult in the United States at age 18.
B) Children are physically reaching adulthood later than in past generations.
C) Cognitive ability defines adulthood and is difficult to measure.
D) One legally becomes an adult at different ages in the United States depending upon whether you're voting, driving, or getting married.

Question 19

Who used the German phrase "Sturm and Drang" to describe adolescence?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Erik Erikson
D) Jean Piaget

Question 20

Who first proposed that adolescence is an important and separate stage of development?

A) Hall
B) Erikson
C) Piaget
D) Freud

Question 21

G. Stanley Hall (1904) believed that

A) adolescents swing back and forth between happiness and sadness.
B) adolescent mood swings are indicative of mental disorder.
C) children who rebel against parents during adolescence will have difficulty with adult relationships.
D) children are born as a blank slate and it is not until adolescence that they begin to fill that empty space.

Question 22

Sigmund Freud placed relatively little emphasis on adolescence because

A) it is the time period during which sexual thoughts and impulses are repressed.
B) he believed that the first five years of life are the most critical.
C) he didn't believe in adolescence as a distinct stage between childhood and adulthood.
D) he did not accept it as a distinct period that was separate from early adulthood.

Question 23

According to Freud, during the genital stage, sexual feelings once directed at the opposite-sex parent become

A) repressed until one's mid-20s.
B) channeled into physical activities such as sports and academics.
C) directed toward opposite-sex peers.
D) channeled into academic work.

Question 24

Who suggested that adolescence is characterized by unpredictable behavior, defiance of parents, and mood swings brought about by an increase in the sex drive?

A) Anna Freud
B) Sigmund Freud
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) K. Lorenz

Question 25

According to Anna Freud, why is adolescence a turbulent time period?

A) Because of identity issues
B) Because of repressed fears from childhood coming to the surface
C) Because of the increase in sex drive
D) Because most children, unconsciously, do not want to become adults

Question 26

According to contemporary research, how is adolescence viewed?

A) As a time of storm and stress
B) As a time of relative stability
C) As time of adaptation to biological changes and societal expectations
D) Depends upon the sex of the adolescent

Question 27

Buchanan and Hughes (2009) found that sixth- and seventh-graders who believed that adolescence was going to be a time of storm and stress

A) were more likely to be diagnosed with depression.
B) did less well academically.
C) created a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) had fewer adjustment issues than other adolescents.

Question 28

Which phase of adolescence is characterized by rapid biological changes, high levels of stress, and relatively low coping abilities?

A) Early adolescence
B) Middle adolescence
C) Late adolescence
D) All of adolescence

Question 29

Financial independence and separation from parents are two characteristics of which transitional period?

A) The "tweenies"
B) Late adolescence
C) Emerging adulthood
D) The adult-onset period

Question 30

What is the difference between "puberty" and "adolescence?"

A) There is no difference; they are the same thing.
B) Puberty is a biological concept; adolescence is a psychosocial concept.
C) Puberty is a psychosocial concept; adolescence is a biological concept.
D) Puberty happens first and is followed by adolescence.

Question 31

Primary sex characteristics are those

A) structures that do not involve reproductive structures.
B) that include breast development and deepening of the voice.
C) that begin to develop during primary or elementary school.
D) structures that make reproduction possible.

Question 32

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

A) Breast development
B) Testes development
C) Maturation of the Fallopian tubes
D) Growth of the penis

Question 33

The gonads respond to pituitary hormones by

A) secreting oxytocin.
B) increasing their production of sex hormones.
C) deactivating the hypothalamus.
D) decreasing their production of sex hormones.

Question 34

If Eric is an average adolescent boy, he will begin his adolescent growth spurt at approximately age

A)8
B)10
C)12
D)14

Question 35

If Chitra is an average girl, she will add approximately how many inches to her height per year during the adolescent growth spurt?

A) About one inch
B) About three inches
C) About five inches
D) About seven inches

Question 36

In general, who starts the growth spurt earlier?

A) Boys
B) Girls
C) It depends upon degree of physical activity.
D) It depends upon the child's level of nutrition.

Question 37

Active 14- and 15-year-old boys may consume how many calories per day without becoming obese?

A) 3,000-4,000
B) 4,000-5,000
C) 5,000-6,000
D) 6,000-7,000

Question 38

Adolescent X has a relatively larger proportion of fatty tissue than muscle. What can we reasonably infer from this information?

A) This adolescent is female.
B) This adolescent is male.
C) This adolescent is obese.
D) This adolescent is consuming an unhealthy diet.

Question 39

Children who have an early growth spurt are likely to

A) be overweight.
B) be underweight.
C) have longer legs.
D) have shorter legs.

Question 40

Fourteen-year-old Lisa complains to her family doctor that she feels like her hands and feet are too big. Her doctor tells her this is a common feeling in adolescence and is primarily due to

A) hormonal fluctuations.
B) proximodistal growth.
C) cephalocaudal growth.
D) asynchronous growth

Question 41

Which of the following characteristics of asynchronous growth violates the concept of proximodistal development?

A) Arms and legs mature before hands and feet.
B) Hands and feet mature before arms and legs.
C) Legs reach peak growth before shoulders and chest.
D) Shoulders and chest reach peak growth before legs.

Question 42

Which of the following characteristics of asynchronous growth violates the concept of cephalocaudal development?

A) Arms and legs mature before hands and feet.
B) Hands and feet mature before arms and legs.
C) Legs reach peak growth before shoulders and chest.
D) Shoulders and chest reach peak growth before legs.

Question 43

The secular trend is a concept used to explain

A) children being taller than their parents.
B) a rise in IQ scores over the past century.
C) individuals entering puberty at earlier ages than in previous generations.
D) the movement of adolescents away from religion.

Question 44

The secular trend

A) is found only in Central and South America.
B) has been documented in the United States. and nearly all European countries.
C) occurred in the 1950s, but has now stopped.
D) is found in all countries.

Question 45

Why might children in lower socioeconomic classes still be growing taller while those in the middle and upper socioeconomic classes are not?

A) Nutrition for all children is becoming poorer.
B) Medical care has not yet resulted in a growth trend in lower socioeconomic studies classes.
C) Poorer children are still benefiting from improved nutrition.
D) They are not; this is a myth.

Question 46

Testosterone production is associated with

A) development of female genitals.
B) muscle tics.
C) epiphyseal closure.
D) transient urinary incontinence.

Question 47

Testosterone triggers the development of acne in

A) boys only; acne in girls is caused by estrogen.
B) those who consume a lot of chocolate and soda.
C) those who have high levels of stress.
D) 75-90% of both girls and boys.

Question 48

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Nocturnal emissions and erotic dreams always coincide.
B) Ejaculation is evidence of reproductive capacity.
C) Ejaculatory ability usually precedes the presence of mature sperm by about one year.
D) Males are not capable of producing erections until age 13 or 14.

Question 49

Randy is an adolescent boy who is experiencing temporary enlargement of the breasts. His physician explains that the enlargement is caused by his testes releasing small amounts of female estrogen and notes that the condition can be treated with a drug. Which prescription will the doctor write for Randy?

A) Tamoxifen
B) Pamelor
C) Parnate
D) Cyclobenzeprine

Question 50

For girls at puberty

A) the pituitary gland signals the ovaries to significantly increase estrogen production.
B) androgens stimulate growth of the breasts.
C) estrogen levels determine the darkness and amount of facial hair.
D) progesterone begins the process of the climacteric.

Question 51

For girls, breasts begin to enlarge during the 10th year. The breasts typically reach full size in about three years, but the mammary glands do not mature fully until

A) age 16.
B) menstruation begins.
C) a woman has a baby.
D) a woman is in her late 50s.

Question 52

At what age, a girl will typically experience her first menstrual cycle?

A) 11
B) 12
C) 13
D) 14

Question 53

During the past century and a half, the average age of menarche in the United States has plummeted. This phenomenon is an example of

A) proximodistal growth.
B) cephalocaudal growth.
C) a secular trend in development.
D) the effects of excessive estrogen

Question 54

Which of the following triggers the production of higher levels of estrogen associated with the initiation of puberty in girls?

A) A decrease in body weight
B) The development of mammary glands
C) The secretion of leptin
D) Reaching a specific chronological age

Question 55

Girls begin to ovulate

A) when they begin to menstruate.
B) when they reach a certain body weight.
C) generally 12-18 months after menarche.
D) at age 12.5.

Question 56

What does menstruation accomplish?

A) It assists with sloughing off the endometrium and removing of the unfertilized ovum.
B) It prepares the uterus for childbirth and recovery.
C) It increases the temperature in the ovaries so the ova can ripen.
D) It cleanses the uterus to prepare it for implantation of an ovum.

Question 57

How is menarche perceived across cultures?

A) Primarily as an event that signals that a girl is now responsible for the family
B) In all cultures, as something that should be celebrated
C) As dirty and unclean, and not something to be celebrated
D) In different times and places, as dirty and unclean, as something to be celebrated, and as an event that signals that a girl has become a woman

Question 58

The responses of adolescent girls to menarche are related to their

A) age and ethnicity.
B) educational preparedness and body image.
C) socioeconomic status and ethnicity.
D) mother's experiences of menarche.

Question 59

Which factor does not contribute to the early onset of puberty?

A) Genetics
B) The quality (or lack of quality) of one's diet
C) One's overall, general health
D) The age at which peers experience puberty

Question 60

Which of the following are TRUE about early-maturing boys?

A) There are only positive implications of early maturation.
B) They may not be psychologically prepared for their new bodies.
C) They tend not to be as bright as later-maturing boys.
D) They are far more likely to drop out of high school before graduation.

Question 61

Early maturation in boys is associated with

A) enhanced self-worth.
B) intellectual deficits.
C) higher stress levels.
D) increased immaturity.

Question 62

Late-maturing boys

A) experience more benefits than early-maturing boys.
B) may feel dominated by early-maturing boys.
C) are physically stronger than early-maturing boys.
D) are intellectually superior to early-maturing boys.

Question 63

Early maturation in boys

A) tends to be valued more among lower-income adolescents.
B) is valued less in Western cultures than in other cultures.
C) is perceived negatively by adult authority figures.
D) leads to greater benefits for higher-income adolescents.

Question 64

Early maturation tends to be positive for boys, while for girls, the effects are more likely to be

A) negative.
B) also positive.
C) mixed.
D) uneventful.

Question 65

Adolescent Y is having trouble getting a date because he/she is taller than adolescents of the other sex. What might we assume about Adolescent Y?

A) Adolescent Y is most likely a male.
B) Adolescent Y is most likely a female.
C) Adolescent Y is most likely from a country other than the United States.
D) There is too little information to tell.

Question 66

Early-maturing girls

A) have higher self-esteem than later-maturing girls.
B) achieve higher grades than their later-maturing counterparts.
C) have fewer conduct problems than later-maturing girls.
D) may feel very conspicuous.

Question 67

Early-maturing girls

A) exhibit a decrease in concern over their body shape.
B) have lower levels of depression than later-maturing girls.
C) are more likely to engage in sexual activity than later-maturing girls.
D) usually try to hide their physical changes from others.

Question 68

Our perception of our own physical attractiveness and how we feel about our bodies is called

A) body consciousness.
B) body image.
C) self-concept.
D) self-reflective perception.

Question 69

Compared to boys at ages 13, 15, and 18

A) girls report their lowest level of body satisfaction at age 18.
B) girls report lower levels of depression than boys at all three mentioned ages.
C) girls report more negative body images than boys at all three ages.
D) girls are less likely to diet than boys at all three ages.

Question 70

Many adolescent males

A) are very dissatisfied with their bodies.
B) would like to lose weight.
C) would like to build their muscle mass by adding weight.
D) are less satisfied with their bodies than are adolescent females.

Question 71

Yulianna practices the clarinet for hours each day. This learning translates physically into increases in the thickness of the

A) frontal lobes.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) axons and dendrites.
D) amygdala.

Question 72

During adolescent brain development, immaturity of what causes poorer judgment, insight, and reasoning ability?

A) The frontal lobes
B) The cerebral cortex
C) Axons and dendrites
D) The amygdala

Question 73

Sexually active adolescents have what rate of sexually transmitted infections compared to other age groups?

A) Similar.
B) Lower.
C) Higher.
D) The rate is lower, but the types of STIs they contract are more severe.

Question 74

What is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in adolescence?

A) Genital herpes
B) Chlamydia
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Gonorrhea

Question 75

The incidence of chlamydia is especially high among teenagers

A) and college students.
B) who live in the United States.
C) from middle- and upper-middle-class homes.
D) who are late maturers.

Question 76

In his health education class, Mr. Ryan tells the students that chlamydia is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which often leads to

A) unplanned pregnancies.
B) an end of the menstrual cycle.
C) infertility.
D) breast cancer.

Question 77

A vaccine that prevents most young women from being infected with human papilloma virus (HPV) should be administered before

A) age 14.
B) menarche.
C) they become sexually active.
D) the pubertal growth spurts.

Question 78

Which of the following is TRUE about HIV/AIDS?

A) It is predominantly an illness found among homosexuals.
B) The risk of infection through heterosexual intercourse is low.
C) Knowledge about HIV/AIDS causes the majority of people to modify their sexual activities.
D) It can be lethal.

Question 79

The primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is

A) sharing needles with infected individuals.
B) anal intercourse.
C) from mother to child via infected breast milk.
D) male-female sex.

Question 80

Which of the following is TRUE about adolescents and STIs?

A) The risk is increased among adolescents who use drugs.
B) Condom usage does not have an appreciable effect at reducing STI transmission.
C) The risk is decreased with multiple sex partners.
D) Adolescents who do not engage in intercourse cannot get STIs.