Deck 14: Understanding Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Autism

Question 1

Some researchers argue that children with pervasive developmental disorders cannot be expected to function in a regular classroom because of

A) the possible alienation by other class members.
B) the attitudes of regular classroom teachers.
C) the negative pressure and expectations from parents of normal children.
D) the difficulties in formulating appropriate IEPs.
E) the diversity and intensity of needs exhibited by these children.

Answer 1

the diversity and intensity of needs exhibited by these children.

Question 2

Deficits in language acquisition and development in children with autism are well documented. Which of the following BEST describes the language of these children?

A) language is often absent or when present, is abnormal and unusual
B) children use many neologisms but very little echolalia
C) the major deficits in language are in the syntactic and semantic areas
D) well- developed compensatory body of language skills
E) children interpret body language and facial expressions better than they do oral language

Answer 2

language is often absent or when present, is abnormal and unusual

Question 3

Children with autism often show unusual prosody in their oral language. Prosody refers to

A) pragmatic uses of language.
B) the oral production of language (speech).
C) the content or semantics of language.
D) mirroring or repeating.
E) the stress, rhythm, and pitch patterns of a language.

Answer 3

the stress, rhythm, and pitch patterns of a language.

Question 4

The most widely accepted theory of the cause of autism today is connected to

A) environmental theories.
B) chromosomal disorders.
C) neurobiology.
D) maladaptive biochemistry.
E) psychogenic properties.

Question 5

Today, classification schemes for children with pervasive developmental disorders generally classify these children

A) with autism and schizophrenia as virtually the same condition.
B) as one inclusive category.
C) as severely emotionally disturbed.
D) with autism and schizophrenia as the major divisions of childhood psychoses.
E) with psychoses clearly distinguished from autism.

Question 6

Today, children with pervasive developmental disorders are enrolled in residential schools for all of the following reasons EXCEPT when

A) they are seriously delayed in toilet use.
B) they must be placed under observation for assessment.
C) their families need relief.
D) they are seriously delayed in feeding.
E) they are able to learn basic social behaviours.

Question 7

Autism was added as a separate category of exceptionality in the U.S. legislation titled

A) PL 99- 457.
B) Education for All Handicapped Children Act.
C) IDEA (1990).
D) No Child Left Behind Legislation.
E) PL 94- 142.

Question 8

In the 1940s, the environmental theories of Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger noted that ____ might be central to autism.

A) maternal substance abuse
B) genetic components
C) paternal substance abuse
D) physical impairments
E) diet

Question 9

A conclusion that can be drawn about education and therapeutic intervention for individuals with autism is that

A) specific successful treatments do exist.
B) marked changes are being witnessed in diagnosis techniques.
C) a specific successful treatment does not exist.
D) medical therapy is currently the most widely used technique.
E) no compelling evidence privileges any one process.

Question 10

In the film, Rain Man, the central character, an autistic man, often displays unusual learning, such as the safety records of all the airlines. This behaviour may be seen as

A) fairly typical of autistic people who often engage in unusual preoccupations.
B) quite different from any behaviours actually shown by persons with autism.
C) reflective of the rare and seldom understood autistic savants.
D) a universal trait in persons with autism.
E) unusual for people with autism and only used to advance the plot of the film.

Question 11

The play of autistic children is described by each of the following words EXCEPT

A) ritualistic
B) creative
C) repetitive
D) mechanical
E) obsessive

Question 12

Based on an accumulation of all studies, research suggests that the prevalence of autism or related disorders among children ten and younger is

A) 1 in 150.
B) 6 in 1000.
C) 4 in 10,000.
D) 1 in 200.
E) 4 to 5 percent.

Question 13

Family studies of persons with autism suggest that

A) twins are often autistic savants.
B) when one twin has autism, it is unlikely that the other twin will be affected.
C) there are no genetic factors involved in autism.
D) siblings of children with autism are more likely to show the condition than are other children.
E) if one identical twin has autism, the other twin is no more likely to have the condition than are other children.

Question 14

The most common organic cause of autism is

A) maternal age.
B) Fragile X syndrome.
C) meningitis.
D) chromosomal aberration.
E) genetic dysfunction.

Question 15

Recent research indicates that the best approach to the etiology of pervasive developmental disorders may be

A) attributing developmental disorders to only environmental factors.
B) viewing these disorders as single entities.
C) unifactorial.
D) seeing them as the final common pathway of multiple etiologies.
E) in further study of the brain.

Question 16

The development of therapeutic and educational programs for students with pervasive developmental disorders has passed through various stages. Within these stages, it is true that

A) the inclusion movement has had no effect on the education of these students.
B) historically, the majority of children with pervasive disorders were either taught in residential schools or received no schooling at all.
C) today, the great majority of children with pervasive disorders are taught in residential settings.
D) the inclusion option is uncontested.
E) today, the majority of these children live outside the home.

Question 17

Many children with autism use neologisms which can be described as

A) prolonged repetition of other people's words and phrases.
B) unusual prosody.
C) syntactic differences.
D) a type of delayed echolalia.
E) made- up language constructed by the autistic child.

Question 18

Bruno Bettelheim contended that infantile autism was primarily the result of

A) organic dysfunction within the child.
B) minimal brain dysfunction.
C) paternal overprotection.
D) overprotection by the mother.
E) disturbances in the formation of mother- child relationships.

Question 19

In adolescence, the gender ratio in schizophrenia is

A) about 2 to 1 in favor of females.
B) about equal between boys and girls.
C) not statistically recorded.
D) 4 to 1 in favor of boys.
E) about two females for each male.

Question 20

A conclusion that can be drawn about drug therapy for autistic children is that

A) results suggest the practical utility of drug therapy in social settings.
B) anticonvulsants are widely used.
C) drug treatments have been successful.
D) there is little basis for prescribing drugs as treatment procedures.
E) results are promising.

Question 21

After Leo Kanner's identification of the characteristics of autism, many researchers speculated that the primary cause of infantile autism was

A) sensory deprivation.
B) childhood disease.
C) biological.
D) lack of adequate parenting.
E) aberrant neurological dysfunction.

Question 22

Stephen has been diagnosed as having childhood schizophrenia. Although we expect to see a number of unusual behaviours displayed by Stephen, he will likely NOT show

A) delusions and hallucinations.
B) attention deficits.
C) language deficits.
D) emotional attachment.
E) inappropriate social interactions.

Question 23

The following are all difficulties that children with Asperger's syndrome experience in their communication EXCEPT

A) difficulty maintaining an interaction that does not involve a narrowly defined one.
B) showing a lack of reciprocity.
C) not understanding personal boundaries.
D) failing to recognize body language.
E) awareness of the give- and- take of social interactions.

Question 24

Among the following, infantile autism is BEST described as

A) profound emotional disturbance.
B) a childhood psychosis.
C) a subcategory of intellectual disability.
D) a form of childhood schizophrenia.
E) a pervasive developmental disorder.

Question 25

Autism is a syndrome characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) deficits in communication and language.
B) isolation and aloofness.
C) very high intelligence quota.
D) ritualistic behaviours.
E) attachment to inanimate objects.

Question 26

In terms of motor development, children with childhood schizophrenia

A) tend to lag behind their peers.
B) show much grace and dexterity.
C) are often ambidextrous.
D) develop in the same way as nondisabled children.
E) are far ahead of their nondisabled peers.

Question 27

The vast majority of children who have autism have an IQ

A) less than 35.
B) in the normal range of intelligence.
C) between 90 and 100.
D) between 35 and 70.
E) above 130.

Question 28

Childhood schizophrenia is a condition

A) where early onset is considered between the ages of 5 and 10.
B) that frequently occurs in infancy.
C) defined as a pervasive psychotic disorder.
D) considered less severe than the adult type.
E) where there are limited variations in personality.

Question 29

When an individual perceives and orders experiences, assesses reality, controls impulses, and relates to people, this is known as

A) schizophrenia.
B) abnormal behaviour.
C) controlling behaviour.
D) autism.
E) ego functioning.

Question 30

The etiology of pervasive developmental disorders is

A) an area of low- profile research.
B) an area with a conclusive database.
C) a widely disputed area.
D) clearly understood.
E) a largely underresearched area.

Question 31

Mila, a child with infantile autism, spends most of her time rocking, flapping her hands, gazing at lights, and so on. These are examples of which of the following behaviours?

A) motor.
B) aggressive.
C) self- stimulating.
D) nondependent.
E) self- injurious.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning?

A) language
B) numeracy
C) body and object use
D) self- help skills
E) sensory relating

Question 33

Asperger's syndrome is above all considered to be which ONE of the following disorders?

A) physical
B) sight
C) psychological
D) social
E) emotional

Question 34

The two classes of maladaptive behaviour are ___ behaviour and behavior that isself- stimulating.

Question 35

A prolonged repetition of other people's words or phrases is called ____.

Question 36

The major organic cause of infantile autism is ___ ____.

Question 37

Following and building on the work of Leo Kanner, most researchers speculated that the chief cause of infantile autism was a lack of____ ____.

Question 38

In regards to childhood schizophrenia, onset between the ages of thirteen and eighteen is termed ___ ____ .

Question 39

Children with autism show delays in the development of all forms of play, especially____ play.

Question 40

Childhood schizophrenia is considered more____ than the adult type.

Question 41

The use of atypical antipsychotic drugs with individuals who have schizophrenia oftencauses changes in an adolescent's_____ .

Question 42

Schizophrenic children ____cohesive linguistic devices that link the content of one sentence to that of adjacent ones.

Question 43

Schizophrenia has its most profound effects on the child's ability to monitor and test____

Question 44

Children with autism exhibit a generalized over- or under- responsiveness to incoming ______

Question 45

Sign and speech language may be successful in stimulating communication in children with autism.

Question 46

Researchers still believe that home environments and parental behaviours are the primary causes of childhood schizophrenia.

Question 47

Autistic behaviours are clearly manifested before thirty six months of age.

Question 48

Autistic children invariably show signs of social isolation.

Question 49

Children with autism tend to be healthier than other children with pervasive developmental disorders.

Question 50

As infants, children with autism show little or no ability to analyze or make sense of sounds.

Question 51

Most children with Asperger's syndrome do not participate in general education classes.

Question 52

According to the research, applied behaviour analysis does not result in improvements for people with autism, depending on the age of the individual.

Question 53

List three etiologies proposed for autism spectrum disorders.

Question 54

Severe language deficits are characteristic of children with autism. Describe five languagebehaviours that may be observed.

Question 55

List three causes of childhood schizophrenia.

Question 56

List three examples of maladaptive behaviours that may be displayed by children withautism.

Question 57

Discuss this statement: The prognosis for children with autism is dismal.

Question 58

Describe the typical characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorders, and, provide details of how these characteristics may manifest themselves in the classroom setting.

Question 59

Provide a rationale FOR the inclusion of students with pervasive developmental disabilities in the general classroom.