Deck 6: Understanding Intellectual Disabilities: Causes, Education, and Attitudes

Question 1

The learning model that suggests we learn in different ways and at various levels of analysis is referred to as the

A) differentiated framework.
B) social learning theory.
C) information processing.
D) behavioural model.
E) developmental- cognitive model.

Answer 1

information processing.

Question 2

In order to be classified as intellectually disabled, students must demonstrate poor adaptive behaviour as well as

A) physical anomalies.
B) sensory issues.
C) occupational competencies.
D) functional academic competencies.
E) subaverage intellectual functioning.

Answer 2

subaverage intellectual functioning.

Question 3

Social attitudes toward individuals who are intellectually disabled have improved dramatically in recent years. Today teachers

A) believe that intellectually disabled individuals can be cured.
B) entertain rising but realistic expectations for intellectually disabled individuals.
C) embrace the challenges of teaching intellectually disabled individual.
D) compete to have intellectually disabled individuals in their classes.
E) can raise the IQ of intellectually disabled individuals.

Answer 3

entertain rising but realistic expectations for intellectually disabled individuals.

Question 4

On a standardized IQ test, Nicky scored 106 on the Verbal scale and 112 on the Performance scale. Observations, interviews with his parents, and adaptive behaviour rating scales indicate that Nicky's adaptive behaviour is far below what would be considered normal for his age. If we had to label Nicky, the term used would be

A) ecologically deficient.
B) pervasive developmental delay.
C) maladjusted.
D) learning disabled.
E) mildly intellectually disabled.

Question 5

In terms of Piagetian periods, persons with moderate intellectual disabilities do not surpass the___ stage.

A) formal operations
B) abstract
C) sensorimotor
D) preoperational
E) concrete

Question 6

Fragile X syndrome is a relatively recent discovery in the list of chromosomal disorders. Researchers have found that Fragile X

A) is similar in transmission to Down syndrome.
B) affects females more adversely in terms of cognitive and physical development.
C) occurs more likely in males than females.
D) is related to the Y chromosome in males.
E) is passed on from the male carrier only.

Question 7

A recent development in the field of intellectual disabilities is to change the classification criteria from severity of mental retardation to

A) systems of behaviour.
B) academic ability.
C) level of support needs.
D) types of etiology.
E) functional capability.

Question 8

Early intervention has been shown to halt the decline in which of the following aspects of development in children with Down syndrome?

A) physical
B) psychological
C) cognitive
D) metacognitive
E) traits

Question 9

In the population of persons with intellectual disabilities, prevalence figures are difficult to accurately pinpoint because of all of the following factors EXCEPT

A) all social classes show similar prevalence rates..
B) different IQ cut- off points are used.
C) gender differences.
D) different methods of gathering data are used.
E) adaptive behaviour definitions differ.

Question 10

The AAMR definition of mental retardation refers to subaverage general intellectual functioning that originates during the developmental period and is associated with

A) language impairments.
B) organic impairment.
C) impairment in muscle control.
D) impairment in sensory functions.
E) impairment in adaptive behaviour.

Question 11

Since 1963 the term "learning disabilities"has led to a redefinition of mental retardation. In the U.S. there has been a subsequent reluctance to label children as retarded because

A) all children can learn.
B) IQ can improve.
C) of court challenges.
D) of "no child left behind" legislation.
E) of insufficient evidence.

Question 12

The cause of an individual's mental retardation can now be identified in

A) no cases at all.
B) about 50% of cases.
C) 5- 10% of cases.
D) 20- 25% of cases.
E) 90 percent of cases.

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT refer to inclusive educational programming for students who are severely and profoundly disabled?

A) adapt the existing curriculum for these students
B) training begins with basic survival and self- help skills
C) these students require services beyond the scope of one discipline
D) behaviour modification is widely used
E) the need to redefine the term education beyond its traditional limits for these students

Question 14

The ultimate objective in providing educational programs for students who are moderately intellectually disabled is to help them become

A) adept communicators.
B) academically and technologically literate.
C) ready for social experiences.
D) ready for employment in sheltered workshops.
E) functionally independent.

Question 15

Primarily, methods of instruction for individuals who are severely and profoundly intellectually disabled depend upon

A) behaviour modification techniques.
B) punishment.
C) educational technology.
D) token economies.
E) repetition.

Question 16

The most noticeable consequences of intellectual disability involve

A) normalization.
B) effects on the individual's ability to learn.
C) parent- child relationships.
D) sibling relationships.
E) mobility and orientation.

Question 17

Clear- cut organic conditions are more likely to be seen in children with

A) severe and profound mental retardation.
B) physical disabilities.
C) mild mental retardation.
D) moderate retardation.
E) maladaptive behaviour.

Question 18

Mild intellectual disability is most noticeable during

A) prekindergarten.
B) the period of formal schooling.
C) infancy.
D) throughout the life span.
E) preschool readiness assessments.

Question 19

The successful placement of a child with intellectual disabilities in a classroom is contingent upon

A) funding formulas.
B) parental volunteers.
C) the medical and psychological diagnoses.
D) the availability of support services.
E) the image of the school.

Question 20

Today, Down syndrome occurs in about one in

A) 1 000 000 births.
B) 100 births.
C) 4000 births.
D) 1000 births.
E) 800 births.

Question 21

The majority of the population with intellectual disabilities falls within the range of

A) mild mental retardation.
B) profound to mild in equal proportions.
C) moderate mental retardation.
D) severe mental retardation.
E) profound mental retardation.

Question 22

The AAMR still use the term mental retardation to describe intellectual disabilities because

A) the name initiates funding.
B) it accurately pin points the condition.
C) it's worked for the past 50 years.
D) it doesn't carry a stigma.
E) there doesn't seem to be a better alternative.

Question 23

In the AAMR 's system of classification, which of the following is NOT a category?

A) trainable
B) moderate
C) severe
D) mild
E) profound

Question 24

William has been referred by his teacher to a psychologist for assessment. When the results of William's WISC III come back they show an overall IQ of 72. The teacher can now refer to William as being

A) not classified.
B) profoundly intellectually disabled.
C) moderately intellectually disabled.
D) intellectually disabled.
E) mildly intellectually disabled.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a cause of intellectual disability?

A) chicken pox
B) postnatal diseases
C) intoxicants
D) rubella
E) genetic and chromosomal differences

Question 26

There are some fundamental differences in male patterns and female patterns of Fragile X. ONE of those differences is

A) males are more affectionate.
B) the typical Fragile X physical features are less obvious in males.
C) the males don't grow as tall as the females.
D) the females show gaze aversion.
E) females are usually less cognitively affected than males.

Question 27

Research reports that William's syndrome is

A) unique to New Zealanders.
B) confined to males.
C) related to royal heritage.
D) a neurological disability.
E) a genetic disorder.

Question 28

Intellectual disability equates with which ONE of the following?

A) general anxiety disorder
B) social and emotional disorders
C) deficiencies in cognitive development
D) chromosome transfer
E) the mother's diet during early pregnancy

Question 29

Some of the language acquisition problems with intellectually disabled children are manifested by

A) an inability to enunciate nasal sounds.
B) language levels equivalent to their general mental age.
C) autistic- like behaviours.
D) delays in sound discrimination.
E) excessive trouble with the "th" sound.

Question 30

Children who are mildly intellectually disordered at the elementary school level will accomplish

A) no academic results.
B) as much as their teachers expect them to accomplish.
C) about two thirds of what other children accomplish.
D) standards equivalent to a grade- three level.
E) basic reading skills but no math basics.

Question 31

Compared to their peers children with intellectual disorders show different behaviour patterns manifested in which ONE of the following? Intellectually disordered children

A) are more attuned to their environment.
B) are more passive.
C) don't fight.
D) lean toward aggressive problem solving.
E) are less likely to get emotional.

Question 32

Researchers, although limited in their understanding, tend to believe that self- stimulating behaviour is

A) masochistic.
B) motivated by attention- getting needs.
C) designed to act out frustration.
D) used to provide sensory feedback.
E) unrelated to low intelligence.

Question 33

There are a number of steps in the assessment of a child suspected of having intellectual disabilities. The usual first step is

A) check for hearing or visual impairment.
B) administer a group- normed IQ test.
C) do a neurological X- ray.
D) try an appropriate treatment plan.
E) determine the child's mental and adaptive abilities.

Question 34

Today, to be designated as intellectually disabled, a child must have an IQ score of____or____ .

Question 35

Children with normal IQ who manifest deficits in adaptive behaviour are not characterized as intellectually disabled but as _____ _____ .

Question 36

Two chromosomal aberrations that result in mental retardation are___ _____ and ____ _____.

Question 37

When meningitis and encephalitis are compared, more children affected by______ suffer intellectual disability.

Question 38

The majority of intellectually disabled people fall into the_____ retarded category.

Question 39

Although Down syndrome babies develop normally at the outset, research indicates that the rate of development often slows after____ months of age.

Question 40

According to available research 25 percent of individuals with Down syndrome live to the age of_____ .

Question 41

_____are often the first to recognize problems and are at the forefront in identifying needs and referring children for further assessment.

Question 42

A child with severe intellectual disabilities often bites and gouges himself or herself. This is referred to as ____ behaviour.

Question 43

The three major goals in the education of students with intellectual disabilities are ______,______ , and _____ .

Question 44

Generally, educational screening would not be used with children with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities.

Question 45

Individuals are considered intellectually disabled if they score below 85 IQ on a standardized test of mental ability.

Question 46

A significant relationship exists between levels of mental retardation and the presence of psychiatric disorders.

Question 47

The majority of intellectually disabled children do not come from a lower socio- economic bracket.

Question 48

As the level of intellectual disability increases, problems with learning and memory become more severe.

Question 49

The "six- hour retarded child"refers to children who cope well with the methods, pace, and materials of the regular classroom.

Question 50

List four instructional adaptations that can be used to make the classroom accessible for astudent with an intellectual disability.

Question 51

List four physical features of Fragile X syndrome.

Question 52

List five characteristics of children with Down syndrome.

Question 53

Provide three examples of a functional approach to teaching skills to moderately intellectually disabled children.

Question 54

List the four AAMR categories used to describe degrees of intellectual disability.

Question 55

List and describe the problems that persons with intellectual disabilities display in the area of memory.

Question 56

List and briefly explain the three major criteria that appear in the AAMR definition of mental retardation.

Question 57

Describe four reasons why it is difficult to find true and accurate prevalence figures for intellectual disabilities.

Question 58

Cite the type of intoxicants and infections that may result in mental retardation.