Deck 5: Helping Theory

Question 1

Our personal theories have been influenced by:

A) biological factors
B) past experiences
C) our socioeconomic backgrounds
D) all of these

Answer 1

all of these

Question 2

Current psychodynamic approaches include all of the following except:

A) brief psychodynamic therapy
B) person-centered therapy
C) Orthodox Freudian approaches
D) object relations

Answer 2

person-centered therapy

Question 3

According to Freudian theory, anxiety:

A) is located in the id
B) develops in the anal stage
C) triggers ego defense mechanisms
D) is the resolution of the Oedipal and Electra complexes

Answer 3

triggers ego defense mechanisms

Question 4

Neuroses:

A) are a result of fixation at one of the psychosexual stages
B) are derived from childhood conflict
C) can emerge in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood
D) are a result of aggressive instincts

Question 5

According to Jung's concept of collective unconscious:

A) culture has a role in the development of human personality
B) group dynamics must be considered when understanding family dynamics
C) people have the power to control their own destinies
D) people either have a tendency toward introversion or extroversion

Question 6

Basic concepts of Adlerian theory include all of the following except:

A) inherent inferiority
B) a focus on past childhood experiences
C) the importance of birth order
D) compensation

Question 7

Contemporary psychoanalytic thinkers believe that the basis of personality development is:

A) the id and innate biological drives
B) the ego and interpersonal relationships
C) the superego and moral decisions
D) the Oedipal phase

Question 8

Countertransference is:

A) the client's feelings toward the therapist based on unresolved feelings toward significant others from the past
B) the therapist's feelings toward the client based on the therapist's unresolved feelings toward significant others from the past
C) a type of resistance that should be interpreted by the analyst in therapy
D) develops as a result of the helper maintaining a detached, objective, and neutral position

Question 9

Phenomenological approaches:

A) focus on each person's uniqueness
B) use dream analysis
C) use diagnosis and past experience
D) focus on behavior and reinforcement history

Question 10

Phenomenological theory focuses on all of the following except:

A) affect
B) here and now
C) development of an autonomous self
D) how people perceive themselves and their environment

Question 11

In which form of helping are there no "techniques"?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) psychodynamic therapy
C) person-centered therapy
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the person-centered counselor?

A) non-directive, experimental, frustrates, cognitive
B) directive, reflective, active, experiential
C) non-directive, experiential, reflective
D) unconditional positive regard, directive, confrontational

Question 13

According to person-centered counseling:

A) people have no free will
B) the self-concept is based on how others view the individual
C) diagnosis and past experience are important components
D) neurosis stems from incongruence between self-concept and environment

Question 14

A sense of self made up of all of one's experiences within the environment is Roger's definition of:

A) self-actualization
B) self-esteem
C) self-concept
D) self-in-relationship

Question 15

Which of the following best describes Gestalt therapy?

A) awareness is seen as curative
B) the helper challenges irrational thinking
C) helpers target observable, measurable behaviors
D) helpers resolve helpee's unconscious material and conflicts

Question 16

According to behaviorists, maladjustment is a result of which of the following:

A) repressed fears
B) irrational thinking
C) unfinished business
D) improper learning

Question 17

Which of the following is true of rational-emotive behavior therapy?

A) a warm personal relationship must exist to bring about personality change
B) insight into the helpee's situation is essential to bring about personality change
C) the helper vigorously attacks the client's irrational beliefs while still supporting the helpee as a person
D) the counselor uses the past to examine "unfinished business"

Question 18

In person-centered counseling, when the helper accurately senses the helpee's feelings and personal meaning, the counseling is displaying:

A) empathy
B) congruence
C) unconditional positive regard
D) self-actualization

Question 19

Criticisms of the person-centered approach include:

A) that people are seen as basically negative
B) its use of minimal techniques
C) the unlimited time requirements for treatment
D) its focus on process rather than content of verbal behavior

Question 20

Gestalt theory/therapy:

A) is multicultural, working well with clients from all cultures
B) strives to understand the answers to the questions of how, what, why, and when
C) emphasizes the importance of body language and awareness of it
D) is basically non-directive

Question 21

All of the following are true of rational-emotive behavior therapy except:

A) imagery techniques and homework are used
B) changing feelings and behaviors bring about change in thinking
C) behavioral change comes from changing thinking
D) people teach themselves to be more and more irrational

Question 22

A key focus of reality therapy is:

A) disputing the client's irrational beliefs
B) changing the helpee's self-concept
C) having the client take responsibility
D) becoming aware of incongruence

Question 23

An example of an evaluative question asked in reality therapy is:

A) Are you feeling better?
B) Is this behavior likely to get you where you want to go?
C) Do you understand your irrational beliefs?
D) What are the reasons you did not complete the assignment?

Question 24

Meichenbaum's cognitive-behavior modification is based on the belief that:

A) psychological stress and difficulties are the result of societal pressures
B) psychological stress and difficulties are the result of our internal verbal dialogue
C) psychological stress and difficulties are rooted in our past childhood experiences
D) psychological stress and difficulties are the result of incongruence between cognition and behavior

Question 25

Managed care companies seem to prefer:

A) psychodynamic approaches
B) person-centered approaches
C) existential approaches
D) cognitive-behavioral approaches

Question 26

Discuss the impact of the unconscious in human behavior according to the Freudian theory.

Question 27

According to Freudian theory, what is the impact of early psychosexual development on adult behavior?

Question 28

How is transference an integral part of the therapy process in psychodynamic theory?

Question 29

How is Jungian theory more positive than Freudian theory?

Question 30

Discuss the therapist's role in Freudian, person-centered, and behavioral therapy.

Question 31

How are the basic assumptions of existential theory a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism?

Question 32

How has person-centered therapy evolved over the years?

Question 33

How is Gestalt therapy experiential, existential, and experimental?

Question 34

What is the current view of the role of the helping relationship in the behavioral approaches?

Question 35

Have behavioral approaches moved counseling from the "science" end of the continuum toward the "art" end of the continuum or vice versa? Explain.

Question 36

What is the role of the helper in rational-emotive behavior therapy?

Question 37

What does the acronym WDEP mean in reality therapy?

Question 38

What therapies are preferred by managed care companies and why?

Question 39

The helping relationship is seen as the key vehicle for change in which of the theories explored in this chapter? Describe the nature of the helping relationships proposed by these theories.