Deck 21: Pneumonia

Question 1

When an individual acquires pneumonia <48 hours after hospital admission, it is considered

A) Hospital-acquired pneumonia
B) Health-care-associated pneumonia
C) Community-acquired pneumonia
D) Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Answer 1

Health-care-associated pneumonia

Question 2

Which structure is not part of the lower respiratory tract?

A) Trachea
B) Larynx
C) Bronchi
D) Alveolar ducts

Answer 2

Larynx

Question 3

The physiological process of respiration is

A) The mechanical movement of air in and out of the lungs
B) The transfer and movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
C) The cellular process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
D) The dilation and constriction of airways in the lungs

Answer 3

The cellular process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Question 4

Which type of cell triggers capillary leakage of red blood cells, edema, and the accumulation of exudate in the alveoli during the inflammatory response?

A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Macrophages
D) Neutrophils

Question 5

Which process occurs during the first stage of pneumonia?

A) A solid mass forms as fibrin, neutrophils, and red blood cells consolidate.
B) Alveolar walls thicken, and diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli is compromised.
C) Vital capacity is diminished, and atelectasis occurs.
D) Capillaries begin to leak, and fibrin is formed.

Question 6

When conducting a physical assessment of the respiratory system, which should be done first?

A) Observe the rate and rhythm of respirations.
B) Auscultate over the bronchial and peripheral lung fields.
C) Palpate the area for deformities.
D) Perform posterior percussion of the lung fields.

Question 7

A patient has a chest x-ray 24 hours after first experiencing symptoms of pneumonia. What would the nurse practitioner expect to see on the chest x-ray?

A) Pulmonary infiltrates and fibrosis
B) Calcified pleural plaques
C) Dense, white area of consolidation
D) Diffuse pleural thickening

Question 8

When using the CURB-65 tool, the nurse practitioner determines that a 60-year-old patient who is alert and oriented, has a respiratory rate of 25, BUN of 21 mg/dL, and blood pressure of 95/65 would fall under which category?

A) Score of 0; home management is recommended
B) Score of 1; home management is recommended
C) Score of 2; hospitalization is recommended
D) Score of 3; hospitalization is recommended

Question 9

Which results should be obtained before the first dose of antibiotics is administered?

A) Complete blood count
B) Allergy test
C) Basic metabolic panel
D) Culture and sensitivity

Question 10

How often should a patient with pneumonia use their incentive spirometer?

A) Twice a day
B) Three times a day
C) Every hour while awake
D) Every other hour while awake

Question 11

The PPSV23 vaccine should be recommended for

A) Individuals 50 and older who have medical conditions
B) Individuals 65 and older who have medical conditions
C) Individuals 65 and older who have not received the PCV13 vaccine
D) Individuals 65 and older regardless of receiving the PCV13 vaccine

Question 12

Older adults are at higher risk of developing pneumonia due to

A) Increased action of cilia
B) Changes in the function of alveolar macrophages
C) Constriction of the alveolar ducts and bronchioles
D) Increased chest wall elasticity

Question 13

Which pathogen is associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A) Klebsiella
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 14

Vancomycin should not be administered rapidly due to the potential of causing which side effect?

A) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
B) Red Man syndrome
C) Tendon rupture
D) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)

Question 15

When referring to Case Study 5 (Geriatric): Osteoporosis, which is considered an etiology for secondary osteoporosis?

A) Genetics
B) Lack of sunlight exposure
C) Low level of vitamin D
D) Bowel conditions