Deck 1: Science and Measurements

Question 1

If you have a toothache and the dentist taps your tooth to check for sensitivity, what part of the scientific method is being used?

A) experiment
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) law

Answer 1

experiment

Question 2

A scientist, Dr. Sigma, states that a chemical taken internally once a day will prevent the common cold. However, no other scientist is able to duplicate the results. The statement by Dr. Sigma is ___.

A) a law
B) a hypothesis
C) a theory
D) not valid

Answer 2

a hypothesis

Question 3

Which of the following explanations is a testable hypothesis?

A) A sugar crystal is forming faster because it is grown in cold environment.
B) A plant is dying because of the direction of spinning of the earth.
C) A bird lays more eggs because of the intensity of thunderstorms.
D) A burp increases the weight of a baby.

Answer 3

A sugar crystal is forming faster because it is grown in cold environment.

Question 4

All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. These statements are an example of a scientific ___.

A) law
B) theory
C) hypothesis
D) experiment

Question 5

Scientific laws differ from scientific theories in that

A) laws explain observations and theories describe observations.
B) laws describe observations and theories explain observations.
C) theories eventually become laws.
D) No difference exists. Laws and theories have the same meaning.

Question 6

While attempting to start your car, when you turn the key, there is no response. You suspect that the battery is dead. To determine this, you turn on the light switch. Your suspicion about the battery is an example of a ___, and your attempt to turn on the headlight is an example of a ___.

A) theory, law
B) hypothesis, experiment
C) experiment, hypothesis
D) hypothesis, theory

Question 7

Water flowing over a dam is an example of

A) potential energy.
B) chemical energy.
C) electrical energy.
D) kinetic energy.

Question 8

Liquids have ___ shape and ___ volume.

A) fixed/variable
B) fixed/fixed
C) variable/fixed
D) variable/variable

Question 9

The energy available by virtue of a rock sitting at the top of a cliff is

A) chemical energy.
B) potential energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) kinetic energy.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A) a piece of paper cut into small pieces
B) burning of paper
C) butter becoming rancid
D) baking a cookie

Question 11

During melting of ice

A) the temperature remains constant even as more heat is added until all of the ice has melted
B) the temperature increases until all the ice has melted
C) the temperature decreases until the ice has melted
D) the energy that goes into converting ice to liquid water is called heat of vaporization

Question 12

The correct conversion of 1 L is ___.

A) 1 m³
B) 1000 m³
C) 0.001 m³
D) 100 m³

Question 13

The number 390000, expressed correctly in scientific notation, is ___.

A) 3.9 x 10^-6
B) 3.9 x 10⁵
C) 3.9
D) 3.9 x 10^-5

Question 14

A patient's temperature is taken three times by two nurses. The results of three successive temperatures by each nurse are
The patient's actual temperature is 101 $\degree$ F. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Nurse A's results are more precise than those of nurse B.
B) Nurse B's results are more accurate than those of Nurse A.
C) Both nurses have precise results.
D) Nurse B's results are both accurate and precise.

Question 15

2.32 g is the same as ___.

A) 232 kg
B) 23.2 cg
C) 2320 mg
D) 0.0232 dg

Question 16

Which of the following numbers contains the designated CORRECT number of significant figures?

A) 30.1 $\degree$ C 2 significant figures
B) 3.6 x 10²m 3 significant figures
C) 0.00450 m 3 significant figures
D) 27.051 mL 4 significant figures

Question 17

Perform the following calculation: 39.5 x 22.0 x 0.0067. Round your answer to the correct number of significant digits.

A) 5.8223
B) 5.822
C) 5.82
D) 5.8

Question 18

The number 84.3759 rounded to the nearest 1 significant figure is ___.

A) 90
B) 8
C) 80
D) 84

Question 19

When 15.5 + 0.125 + 2.55 are added, assuming each of the numbers below is measured, the answer with the correct number of significant figures is ___.

A) 18.175
B) 18.2
C) 18.17
D) 18

Question 20

A mercury thermometer is used to take four temperatures of a solution. The temperatures are 44.8 ºC, 44.9 ºC, 45.0 ºC, and 45.1 ºC. An alcohol thermometer was also used and measured 44.9 ºC, 45.3 ºC, 45.4 ºC, and 45.9 ºC. The solution is correctly determined to be 45.0 ºC by other means. Which conclusion is correct?

A) The mercury thermometer is the more precise.
B) The alcohol thermometer is the more precise.
C) There is no difference between the thermometers.
D) There is no way to determine precision with these temperatures.

Question 21

Each of the numbers below is measured. Solve the calculation and give the correct number of significant figures.
(2)34 x 10⁴ ) x (1.38 x 10⁷)

A) 3.2 x 10¹¹
B) 3.23 x 10¹¹
C) 3.229 x 10¹¹
D) 3.23 x 10¹²

Question 22

Each of the numbers below is measured. Solve the calculation and give the correct number of significant figures.
3)52 x 10^-16 - 8.16 x 10^-17

A) 2.704 x 10^-15
B) 4.64 x 10¹⁶
C) 2.7 x 10^-16
D) 27.04 x 10¹⁴

Question 23

Each of the numbers below is a measured quantity. Solve the calculation and give the correct number of significant figures.
(17)8 x 0.1150) / 6.7

A) 0.31
B) 0.3
C) 0.306
D) 0.3055

Question 24

A patient weighs 205.0 pounds, but the weight is to be recorded in kilograms. What is the patient's weight in kilograms using whole numbers? (Given: 1 kg = 2.205 lbs.)

A) 451.4 kg
B) 205.0 kg
C) 100.4 kg
D) 92.97 kg

Question 25

The density of ethanol at 20 $\degree$ C is 0.791 g/mL. How many milliliters of ethanol correspond to 12.0 g of ethanol at 20 $\degree$ C?

A) 9.49 mL
B) 15.2 mL
C) 0.791 ml
D) 30.6 mL

Question 26

The instructions for a cough syrup are to give 2 teaspoons every 8 hours. The cough syrup is supplied in 150-mL bottles. How many bottles must be purchased to treat 3 children for 5 days? (Given 1 tsp = 5 mL.)

A) 1 bottle
B) 2 bottles
C) 3 bottles
D) 4 bottles

Question 27

A kitten's normal body temperature is 102ºF. Express this temperature in ºC.

A) 5.7 ºC
B) 38.9 ºC
C) 56.7 ºC
D) 184 ºC

Question 28

A 33.0 g of aluminum is heated on a stove. The temperature of the aluminum increases from 25 $\degree$ C to 120 $\degree$ C. How much heat energy was absorbed? (The specific heat of aluminum is 0.0215 cal/g $\degree$ C.)

A) 67 cal
B) 0.0075 cal
C) 0.61 cal
D) 13 cal

Question 29

At 20 $\degree$ C, chloroform (CHCl₃) has a density of 1.489 g/mL. What is the mass of 7.52 mL of chloroform at 20 $\degree$ C?

A) 0.198 g
B) 13.4 g
C) 5.05 g
D) 11.2 g

Question 30

How much will the temperature change when 3.0 g of tooth enamel (specific heat = 0.18 cal/g $\degree$ C) absorbs 0.80 cal of heat energy?

A) 2.4 $\degree$ C
B) 3.7 $\degree$ C
C) 1.5 $\degree$ C
D) 8.6 $\degree$ C

Question 31

What is the number of 1-1/2 teaspoon doses of a liquid medication in a 250 mL bottle? (Given 1 tsp = 5 mL.)

A) 33 doses
B) 125 doses
C) 167 doses
D) 250 doses

Question 32

At 20 $\degree$ C, the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL, and that of water is 1.00 g/mL. Calculate the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol at 20 $\degree$ C.

A) 0.651
B) 0.789
C) 1.45
D) 6.51

Question 33

A weather forecaster predicts that the temperature for the day will reach 88 $\degree$ F. What is the Celsius value for the predicted temperature?

A) 88 $\degree$ C
B) 273 $\degree$ C
C) 31 $\degree$ C
D) 304 $\degree$ C

Question 34

The temperature of a patient is found to be 38.5 $\degree$ C. What is this temperature in $\degree$ F?

A) 96 $\degree$ F
B) 101 $\degree$ F
C) 69 $\degree$ F
D) 107 $\degree$ F

Question 35

A patient having a serious reaction caused by a peanut allergy has a doctor's order to have 0.240 g of epinephrine. The liquid on hand contains 250 mg/5mL bottle. How many milliliters of the liquid are required?

A) 4.8 mL
B) 0.0048 mL
C) 12 mL
D) 1.2 mL

Question 36

The normal dosage for azinthromycin, an antibiotic, is 3.3 mg/kg. What is the proper dose for a 150 lb patient? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs.)

A) 100 mg
B) 224 mg
C) 300 mg
D) 495 mg

Question 37

What is the weight of Amphotec, an antibiotic preparation for aspergillus infection, necessary for a 135 pound patient at the rate of 3.5 mg/kg per dose? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs.)

A) 7.7 mg
B) 61.4 mg
C) 214 mg
D) 2228 mg

Question 38

When aspirin is heated, it melts at 275 $\degree$ F. Convert this temperature into kelvins.

A) 135 K
B) 408 K
C) -138 K
D) 375 K

Question 39

The density of table salt is 2.16 g/mL. What is the volume in milliliters occupied by 356.0 g of table salt?

A) 165 mL
B) 769 mL
C) 0.00607 mL
D) 358 mL

Question 40

Zenapax is used as part of immunosuppressive therapy for transplant patients. The dosage is calculated on the basis of 1.0 mg/kg. What is the proper dose for a 175 lb patient? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs.)

A) 79 mg
B) 175 mg
C) 385 mg
D) 875 mg

Question 41

The density of gasoline is 0.73 g/mL at 20 $\degree$ C. Jenny's car requires 16 gallons of gasoline to fill her car's gas tank. How much mass (in pounds) of gasoline does she need to fill her tank? (Given: 1 qt= 0.946 L, 1 gallon = 4 qt, 1 Ib = 454 g, 1 mL= 1 x 10^-3 L.)

A) 190 Ib
B) 340 Ib
C) 140 Ib
D) 210 Ib

Question 42

A hypothesis is a statement that proposes an explanation of a set of observations.

Question 43

The higher the temperature of something, the greater the kinetic energy of the particles from which it is made.

Question 44

Rusting of iron is a physical change.

Question 45

A container holding a mixture of ice and water is placed in a 115 $\degree$ C oven. The ice-water mixture rises in temperature until all the ice has melted away.

Question 46

1 mg is larger than 1 dg.

Question 47

886.0 has four significant figures.

Question 48

The zeros in 1700.85 cal are not significant.

Question 49

The zeros in 0.00958 cm are not significant.

Question 50

A statement that explains observable phenomenon and has been tested by experimentation can be classified as a scientific ___.

Question 51

A scientific ___ describes observable phenomenon.

Question 52

The energy required to melt a solid is called the ___.

Question 53

When a steak is cooked on a grill the meat undergoes a ___ change.

Question 54

The value 0.000121 cm has ___ significant figures.

Question 55

The value 1.000 kg has ___ significant figures.

Question 56

The value 0.80010 cm has ___ significant figures.

Question 57

A series of measurements that are within +/- 0.001 cm of each other would be described as being very ___.

Question 58

0.4 meters is equal to ___ centimeters.

Question 59

5.000 pounds is ___ grams. (Given: 1 kg = 2.205 lbs.)

Question 60

Match the following as a theory or law:

-water flows downhill

A) theory
B) law

Question 61

Match the following as a theory or law:

-all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

A) theory
B) law

Question 62

Match the following as a theory or law:

-when a gas is heated it expands

A) theory
B) law

Question 63

Match the following as a theory or law:

-atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

A) theory
B) law

Question 64

Match the following as a theory or law:

-a rock released above the surface of the earth will fall to the earth

A) theory
B) law

Question 65

Write the following numbers in Scientific Notation.
a) 34.56
b) 10700
c) 0.000890
d) 5600.1

Question 66

Determine the number of significant figures in each value below.
a) 34.56
b) 10700
c) 0.000890
d) 5600.1

Question 67

Calculate the following and round to the correct number of significant figures.
a) (12.00 x 1.5) ÷ .00625
b) 3.61 x 10³ ÷ 5.4008 x 10^-4

Question 68

Ethanol has a density of 0.78 g/mL. What volume would 500 grams of ethanol occupy?

Question 69

A 1-dollar bill is approximately 6.00 inches long. What is the length of a dollar bill in millimeters? (1 inch = 2.54 cm)

Question 70

In a given class, the average male student weighs 185 lbs and the average female student weighs 125 lbs. What is the difference between the weight of the average male and average female in kilograms? (2.205 lb = 1 kg)

Question 71

Convert 5.67 x 10⁴ millimeters into centimeters.

Question 72

Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm³. What is the mass of 12 cm³ of iron?

Question 73

You stop to purchase gasoline. The price at the pump is 85.0 cents/liter. What is this price in dollars/gallon? (1 gal = 3.785 l)

Question 74

A child with a mass of 35.4 kg has a fever. The proper dosage of acetominophen is 15.0 mg/kg of body weight. How many teaspoons of syrup will you give the child if the syrup contains 160 mg of acetominophen/teaspoon?

Question 75

The high temperature on a given day is 76 ºF. Convert this to Celsius.

Question 76

The low temperature on a winter night might be as low as -28 ºC. Convert this temperature to Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

Question 77

A doctor orders tetracycline, 240 mg. The bottle of tetracycline syrup indicates that the concentration is 120 mg per 5 mL. How many milliliters of syrup do you give the patient?

Question 78

The density of mercury is 13.6 g/ml and the density of gold is 19.3 g/mL. Which occupies a greater volume, 8.3 g of mercury or 8.3 g of gold?

Question 79

You are traveling in a country that uses the metric system. Your child is sick and a nurse determines her temperature to be 40.8 $\degree$ C. What is this temperature in $\degree$ F?

Question 80

Distinguish between the terms scientific theory and scientific law and give an example of each.