Deck 6: Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

The nurse explains that exposure to a pathogen stimulates the macrophages to migrate to the area of infection to ingest and destroy the pathogen.This statement describes which process?

A) Pathogen neutralization
B) Immune response
C) Antibody action
D) Phagocytosis

Answer 1

Phagocytosis

Question 2

The nurse explains that a vaccination provides defense against infection via which type of immunity?

A) Innate immunity
B) The inflammatory response
C) Antibody-mediated immunity
D) Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 2

Antibody-mediated immunity

Question 3

A frustrated patient with a fungal infection complains,"Why is the infection taking so long to heal?" Which response is most appropriate?

A) "Fungal infections are essentially incurable."
B) "Fungi form spores, which make them difficult to kill."
C) "Fungi can be considered natural flora and are protected by the body."
D) "Fungi can alter the patient's DNA and RNA."

Answer 3

"Fungi form spores, which make them difficult to kill."

Question 4

The clinic nurse offers suggestions to a patient who is planning a trip to Mexico that will help prevent a protozoan infection.Which suggestion is most helpful?

A) "Ask the doctor for a prophylactic prescription for an antiviral drug."
B) "Broad-spectrum antibiotics will be most helpful if you contract a protozoan infection."
C) "Be sure to practice good hand hygiene while on your vacation."
D) "It would be best if you drank bottled water while on your trip."

Question 5

How should the home health nurse advise the patient to treat a fever of 100° F?

A) Take aspirin as needed.
B) Take Tylenol every 4 to 6 hours.
C) Bathe in cool water before bed.
D) Do nothing at all.

Question 6

The nurse is teaching a patient about infection prevention.The nurse points out that covering the mouth and nose with a tissue for a sneeze reduces the probability of infection spreading by which route?

A) Droplet
B) Airborne
C) Direct contact
D) Indirect contact

Question 7

The nurse is providing infection control teaching to a patient.Which patient statement warrants additional patient teaching?

A) "It is important that I get my whooping cough vaccination as directed by my health care provider."
B) "Getting plenty of sleep each night will help my immune system."
C) "I should wash my hands before preparing my food."
D) "It is important that I take my antibiotic until my symptoms have completely resolved."

Question 8

The nurse explains to the patient who is using Prilosec (a proton pump inhibitor)that the drug reduces the amount of which natural protector in the stomach lining?

A) Lactic acid
B) Lysozyme
C) Cilia
D) Fatty acids

Question 9

The nurse is providing infection control teaching to a group of patients.Which statement demonstrates that the patient understands the nurse's teaching?

A) "I should take an antibiotic at the first sign of an infection."
B) "Hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways I can prevent the spread of infection."
C) "Vaccinations only prevent a disease from becoming severe."
D) "If I eat a nutritious diet, it will be difficult for me to get an infection."

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient with C.difficile infection.Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

A) Only use alcohol-based hand cleanser for hand hygiene.
B) Always wear an impervious mask.
C) Don proper eye protection before providing care.
D) Notify housekeeping to use appropriate cleaning agents.

Question 11

While assessing an obese resident in a long-term care facility,the nurse finds a red,moist rash under the patient's breasts,in the axilla,and in the inguinal fold.Based on this assessment,the nurse reports to the charge nurse that the resident probably has which type of infection?

A) A fungal infection
B) A bacterial infection
C) An allergic reaction
D) Contact dermatitis

Question 12

The nurse is planning care for a patient and determines that Expanded Precautions are warranted when performing care for a patient with which infection?

A) Active tuberculosis (TB)
B) Bacterial pneumonia
C) A urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by E. coli
D) A fungal infection of the groin and axilla

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a patient with general sepsis.Which finding should first alert the nurse to a potential complication that warrants immediate attention?

A) Increased lethargy
B) Sudden coughing
C) Elevated blood pressure
D) Cloudy urine

Question 14

When the patient complains,"If this viral infection I have right now can't be helped by antibiotics,why am I taking this expensive acyclovir?" How should the nurse respond?

A) "Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that kills viruses."
B) "Acyclovir is given to many patients with viral infections."
C) "Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that prevents your infection from becoming worse."
D) "Acyclovir helps strengthen your immune system."

Question 15

The patient complains of the unsightly swelling of her lip at the site of an infection.The nurse explains that the swelling is part of the inflammatory response and performs which action?

A) Stores blood
B) Acts as a compression wall
C) Provides an antibody reservoir
D) Produces leukocytes

Question 16

The home health nurse is providing dietary recommendations to keep the immune system healthy.The patient demonstrates understanding by increasing intake of which foods?

A) Eggs and beans
B) Celery and water
C) Pasta and bread
D) Olive oil and peanuts

Question 17

The nurse discusses and demonstrates proper hand hygiene to an immunocompromised patient and his wife.Which statement indicates a need for additional teaching?

A) "It is okay for my wife to wear artificial nails as long as she washes her hands properly."
B) "I should always wash my hands before I eat."
C) "Hand gels work as well as handwashing under most circumstances."
D) "I should use friction and wash my hands for about 20 seconds if I am using soap and water."

Question 18

To which entity should the home health nurse make a referral in order to supply a home-bound older adult with a daily meal?

A) A community food bank
B) The Salvation Army
C) An agency supplying food stamps
D) Meals on Wheels

Question 19

The nurse is caring for several patients and determines which patient to be most at risk for developing an infection related to a decreased anti-inflammatory response?

A) A patient who has been experiencing high levels of stress for the last 3 months.
B) A patient with a glycosylated Hgb level of 6.7%.
C) A patient with osteoarthritis who was recently diagnosed.
D) A patient who is scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 2 weeks related to gallstones.

Question 20

The nurse uses a visual aid to demonstrate how which antibody attaches to the antigen to clear the pathogen from the body?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgG
D) IgM

Question 21

The nurse who suffers an accidental needle stick following administration of an intramuscular injection to a patient anticipates that facility protocol will suggest immediate treatment with which type of immunotherapy?

A) IgM
B) IgD
C) Ig A
D) IgG

Question 22

Which areas of the body is/are protected by normal flora?

A) Skin
B) Bladder
C) Lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract
D) Nose and throat
E) Eye

Question 23

The nurse provides discharge teaching about antibiotic therapy.Which statement indicates that the patient requires additional teaching?

A) "I should wait 3 days after my symptoms resolve before stopping my antibiotic."
B) "I should try to take my medication as evenly spaced apart as possible."
C) "If I start feeling worse, I should call my health care provider."
D) "I should not share my medication with anyone."

Question 24

The bacteria that are rod-shaped are classified as _________.

Question 25

The nurse is obtaining a health history on a newly admitted patient.Which information alerts the nurse that the patient is at increased risk for developing an infection?

A) The patient reports having unprotected heterosexual sex in three previous relationships.
B) The patient is employed as a biochemist in a hospital.
C) The patient's income is considered middle-class level.
D) The patient reports getting 4 to 5 hours of sleep per night.
E) The patient is 21% over the suggested normal weight.

Question 26

The nurse explains that an infection occurring in the body represents an interrelationship between the __________,__________,and __________.

Question 27

The nurse explains that the four lines of defense the body employs to combat infection are inflammatory response,immune response,__________,and __________.

Question 28

The nurse instructs the nursing assistant in a long-term care facility regarding infection control measures.Which action(s)demonstrate(s)that the nursing assistant understands the nurse's teaching?

A) Assisting residents with hand hygiene before meals.
B) Cleaning incontinent residents as soon as possible.
C) Administering prescribed antibiotics during meals to residents who require assistance with feeding.
D) Inspecting residents' skin for open areas during bathing.
E) Assisting residents with hand hygiene after participating in group activities.