Deck 16: Health

Question 1

A basic premise of health in early Asian culture was that:

A) people have some control over their health.
B) gods caused illness and disease.
C) magic could cure illness.
D) superstition determined treatment.

Answer 1

people have some control over their health.

Question 2

Your_______ plays a critical role in your health and consists of your attitudes, habits, choices, and behaviors.

A) genetic potential
B) heritage
C) lifestyle
D) health personality

Answer 2

lifestyle

Question 3

The biological approach to health is being most closely followed when a physician:

A) encourages a patient to reduce his/her stress level through relaxation training.
B) prescribes a seminar on anger management for a patient with high blood pressure.
C) prescribes a cholesterol-lowering drug for a patient with high cholesterol.
D) encourages a cancer patient to join a support group.

Answer 3

prescribes a cholesterol-lowering drug for a patient with high cholesterol.

Question 4

Just a century ago, the leading cause of death was:

A) cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) infectious diseases.
D) stroke.

Question 5

In the U.S. today, the number-one cause of death is:

A) cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) infectious diseases.
D) stroke.

Question 6

In the U.S. today, the second-leading cause of death is:

A) cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) infectious diseases.
D) stroke.

Question 7

Health psychologists endorse the _____________ model, which states that health is best understood in terms of a combination of physical, cognitive, and environmental factors.

A) biopsychological
B) psychosocial health
C) bio-psycho-social health
D) integrative

Question 8

Through positive thinking and self-motivation, Lance Armstrong battled cancer. This illustrates the power of _________ factors in health and illness.

A) social
B) psychological
C) biosocial
D) none of the above

Question 9

Individuals who develop coronary problems are more likely to be outwardly hostile or turn anger inward, which illustrates the importance of _________ factors in the development of heart problems.

A) psychological
B) social
C) biosocial
D) biological

Question 10

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the effects of mood on health?

A)Older men and women who expressed a positive outlook toward life were less likely to suffer heart attacks than those who expressed a negative outlook.
B) Positive emotions are linked with the release of secretory immunoglobin A, which defends against the common cold.
C) Happy individuals were more likely than sad individuals to engage in health-promoting behaviors and . had more confidence that these behaviors would relieve their illness.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 11

People living in poverty encounter more health problems. This statement illustrates the effect of _______ factors on one's health.

A) psychological
B) social
C) biosocial
D) biological

Question 12

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding social factors in health and illness?

A) African Americans have a higher mortality rate than White non-Latino individuals for thirteen of the fifteen leading causes of death.
B) African-American women, compared with White non-Latino women, are three times more likely to have high blood pressure.
C) Diabetes occurs at an above average rate in Latinos.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 13

The _____________ consists of recommended daily servings of food with an emphasis on consuming more bread, cereals, rice, pasta, vegetables, and fruits than milk, meats, fats, oils, and sweets.

A) Food Guide Pyramid
B) International Nutritional Guide
C) National Calorie Count
D) Nutritional Pyramid

Question 14

According to the current food guide, the largest number of servings in a healthy diet should consist of:

A) fruits and vegetables.
B) dairy products.
C) meat, fish, poultry, and eggs.
D) breads, cereals, rice, and pasta.

Question 15

Although the current food guide suggests that __________ be consumed sparingly, persons in the U.S. tend to over-consume these foods.

A) breads, cereals, rice, and pasta.
B) meat, fish, pultry, and eggs.
C) fats, oils, and sweets.
D) dairy products.

Question 16

According to a comparison of the current food pyramid to Americans' actual consumption rate of various foods, Americans could actually consume more of all of the following EXCEPT for:

A) dairy products.
B) fruits.
C) cereals.
D) oils.

Question 17

In the U.S. today, ______ percent of adults are either overweight or obese.

A) 50
B) 65
C) 75
D) 85

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to be a change in a future food guide?

A) increases in amount of sweets allowed
B) decreases in the amount of meat, fish, and poultry allowed
C) listing quantities in cups and ounces instead of servings
D) turning the pyramid upside down and reversing many of the serving amounts.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a good strategy for healthy eating?

A) Drink plenty of water.
B) Skip breakfast and eat only two meals a day.
C) Replace fatty foods with healthy sources of starch and fiber.
D) Use sugar and sodium in moderation.

Question 20

Studies with mice have shown a link between a ______ and breast cancer.

A) high-carbohydrate diet
B) high-fat diet
C) high-sodium diet
D) high-fiber diet

Question 21

Although the U.S. and Japan have similar levels of industrialization, education, and medical standards, the U.S. has higher rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Many researchers believe that the _______ of Americans and the _____ of the Japanese is the cause.

A) high fat intake; low fat intake
B) high carbohydrate intake; low carbohydrate intake
C) high sodium intake; low sodium intake
D) high stress levels; low stress levels

Question 22

Laboratory animals fed diets restricted in calories, although adequate in protein, vitamins, and minerals, lived as much as ____ percent longer than animals given unlimited access to food.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 23

Although no one knows for certain how calorie restriction works to increase the life span of animals, some scientists believe it might:

A) raise the level of free radicals in the body.
B) lower the level of potentially toxic particles in the body.
C) prevent a state of emergency called the survival mode from occurring.
D) result from any of the above.

Question 24

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding calorie restriction and longevity?

A) In the Harvard alumni study, as the body mass of the participants increased, so did their risk of death.
B) No one knows for certain how calorie restriction works to increase the life span of animals.
C) Most nutritional experts do not recommend very low-calorie diets for older adults.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 25

Scientists believe that foods high in vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene help slow the aging process by:

A) counteracting the cell damage caused by free radicals.
B) decreasing the levels of antioxidants in the blood.
C) increasing metabolism.
D) reducing high levels of saturated fats in the body.

Question 26

Recent research suggest the possibility that ________ help(s) slow the aging process and improve the health of older adults.

A) antioxidants
B) free radicals
C) oxidation
D) vitamin D

Question 27

There is some evidence that vitamin E might help protect against:

A) aging.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) prostate cancer in smokers.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

_______ is a measure of weight in relation to height that is used to determine whether an individual is underweight, a healthy weight, overweight, or obese.

A) Set point
B) BMR
C) Body mass index
D) Height-weight differential

Question 29

Which of the following factors appears to be involved in one's becoming obese?

A) heredity
B) ethnicity
C) gender
D) all of the above

Question 30

______ is a protein that is involved in satiety and is released by fat cells, resulting in decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure.

A) Phenylalanine
B) Leptin
C) Guanine
D) Adenine

Question 31

Sally is a participant in an obesity study. If her leptin levels are high, we can expect that:

A) her food intake will increase.
B) her energy expenditure will decrease.
C) she will feel "full."
D) all of the above will occur.

Question 32

Roberto is a participant in an obesity study. If his leptin levels are high, we can expect that:

A) his food intake will decrease.
B) his energy expenditure will increase.
C) he will feel "full."
D) all of the above will occur.

Question 33

_________ is the weight maintained when no effort is made to gain or lose weight.

A) Set point
B) BMR
C) Body mass index
D) Height-weight differential

Question 34

An increased number of fat cells can result from:

A) a genetic predisposition.
B) childhood eating patterns.
C) adult overeating.
D) all of the above.

Question 35

__________ is the minimal amount of energy an individual uses in a resting state.

A) Set point
B) Basal metabolism rate
C) Body mass index
D) Height-weight differential

Question 36

Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest basal metabolism rate?

A) 13-year-old Mark
B) 18-year-old Jan
C) 26-year-old Margo
D) 35-year-old Ralph

Question 37

Strong evidence of the _________ factor on weight is the doubling of the rate of obesity in the United States since 1900.

A) genetic
B) environmental
C) psychological
D) ethnicity

Question 38

The dramatic increase in obesity in the U.S. is most likely due to:

A) the greater availability of food, especially food high in fat.
B) energy-saving devices.
C) declining physical activity.
D) all of the above.

Question 39

According to your textbook, which of the following young adult individuals is most likely to become obese the fastest?

A) Miguel, a Latino male
B) Eric, an African-American male
C) Ferrel, a White, non-Latino male
D) Penny, a White, non-Latino female

Question 40

Elena is very conscious of what she eats and is often on every new diet that comes out. When she stops dieting, she usually binges, and then feels guilty about splurging. Elena:

A) is a normal dieter.
B) is anorexic.
C) is a restrained eater.
D) has a high basal metabolism rate.

Question 41

According to your textbook, which of the following is FALSE concerning the Atkins diet?

A) This diet restricts carbohydrates to less than 5 percent of the total calories eaten.
B) Foods promoted in this diet are foods high in saturated fats and may increase the risk of heart disease.
C) Foods restricted on this diet are foods that that have been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease,
Cancer, and other diseases.
D) Short-term studies show that individuals who follow the Atkins diet do lose weight.

Question 42

According to your textbook, the most effective weight-loss programs include:

A) counseling.
B) liquid diets.
C) exercise.
D) support groups.

Question 43

Exercise can benefit individuals by:

A) lowering one's metabolic rate.
B) decreasing one's calorie consumption.
C) lowering one's set point.
D) doing all of the above.

Question 44

Kathy has lost a great deal of weight and then regained this weight at least six times over the last ten years. Kathy's weight cycling is known as:

A) set point dieting.
B) yo-yo dieting.
C) restrained eating.
D) BMR dieting

Question 45

Terri is getting ready for her 10-year class reunion and is on a very low-calorie liquid diet. Terri should be warned that this type of diet has been linked with:

A) breast cancer.
B) gallbladder damage.
C) kidney disease.
D) colon cancer.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a good strategy for losing weight?

A) Use a smaller plate with smaller servings.
B) Eat at the table with the TV off.
C) Eat only one meal a day.
D) Aim for a slow, modest weight loss.

Question 47

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by:

A) the individual weighing less than 85% of normal body weight.
B) yo-yo dieting.
C) binge eating.
D) all of the above.

Question 48

Virginia is fifteen years old and has an intense fear of gaining weight to such an extent that she stays on a very strict diet and weighs herself frequently. She now weighs less than 85% of what would be considered normal for her age and height. Virginia appears to have:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) a bipolar disorder.
D) a borderline personality disorder.

Question 49

Which of the following individuals is most likely to become anorexic?

A) Susie, a 14-year-old white female from a poor family.
B) Gary, a 16-year-old African-American male from a wealthy family.
C) Tammy, an 18-year-old white female from a middle-class family.
D) Marci, a 20-year-old African-American female from a middle-class family.

Question 50

Which of the following is FALSE regarding anorexia nervosa?

A) About 6 percent of American girls develop anorexia nervosa.
B) Anorexia often follows an episode of dieting and some type of life stress.
C) Most anorexics are white adolescent or young adult females from well-educated, middle- and upper-. income families that are competitive and high achieving.
D) The fashion image of the American culture that emphasizes "thin as beautiful" contributes to the incidence of anorexia nervosa.

Question 51

Anorexia is to ________ as bulimia is to ________.

A) female; male
B) binge; purge
C) starvation; binge
D) purge; starvation

Question 52

The binge-purge pattern is an essential feature of:

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) somatoform disorder.
C) conversion disorder.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Question 53

Hannah is a 16-year-old whose weight is within the normal range. However, she is depressed, has a strong fear of becoming overweight, and is preoccupied with food. For over a year, she has been bingeing on food and then using a laxative or vomiting to rid herself of the food. Hannah appears to have:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) a bipolar disorder.
D) a borderline personality disorder.

Question 54

Aerobic exercise is sustained exercise designed to:

A) strengthen muscles and bones.
B) improve flexibility.
C) stimulate heart and lung capacity.
D) do all of the above.

Question 55

Which of the following would NOT be an example of aerobic exercise?

A) lifting weights
B) jogging
C) swimming
D) cycling

Question 56

Research has primarily studied the effects of aerobic exercise on:

A) preventing cancer.
B) preventing heart disease.
C) improving strength.
D) improving flexibility.

Question 57

Most experts recommend that you should try to raise your heart rate during exercise to at least ______ percent of your maximum heart rate.

A) 25
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 58

Regular exercise can:

A) improve self-concept.
B) reduce anxiety and depression.
C) increase longevity.
D) do all of the above.

Question 59

Suzanne is a 45-year-old woman who wants to preserve and possibly increase her muscle mass. She would be well-advised to try:

A) aerobic exercise
B) weight lifting
C) cycling
D) swimming

Question 60

Concerning exercise and aging, regular exercise can reduce:

A) the risk of osteoporosis and breast cancer.
B) the loss of brain tissue in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.
C) depression.
D) all of the above.

Question 61

Which of the following is/are helpful strategies for building exercise into your lifestyle?

A) Consult with your doctor and get a physical examination before beginning an exercise program.
B) Reduce TV time.
C) Chart your progress.
D) All of the above are helpful strategies for starting an exercise program.

Question 62

_________ drugs have been classified into three main categories: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.

A) Psychophysiological
B) Narcoleptic
C) Psychoaffective
D) Psychoactive

Question 63

Psychoactive drugs have been classified into all of the following categories EXCEPT:

A) depressants.
B) narcoleptics.
C) stimulants.
D) hallucinogens.

Question 64

A __________, such as LSD, modifies an individual's perceptual experiences, while a ________, such as cocaine, increases the activity of the nervous system.

A) depressant; stimulant
B) stimulant; hallucinogen
C) hallucinogen; stimulant
D) hallucinogen; depressant

Question 65

Which of the following drugs is considered to be a stimulant?

A) nicotine
B) barbiturate
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 66

Which of the following drugs is considered to be a hallucinogen?

A) alcohol
B) amphetamine
C) cocaine
D) marijuana

Question 67

Which of the following drugs is considered to be a depressant?

A) nicotine
B) caffeine
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 68

People are attracted to psychoactive substances because:

A) the drugs help them to reduce tension.
B) the drugs help them to escape from the harsh realities of the world.
C) they are curious about their effects.
D) of all of the above.

Question 69

___________ exists when a person is preoccupied with obtaining a drug for emotional reasons, such as the reduction of stress.

A) Psychological dependence
B) Physical dependence
C) Tolerance
D) Withdrawal

Question 70

Wendy enjoys drinking two cups of coffee each morning. The caffeine in the coffee tends to hel her "wake-up"and focus on the tasks at hand. When she wakes, each morning she cannot wait to have that first cup. However, she never drinks more than two cups; and on the occasion when she has had to do without coffee, she has not experienced any significant physical discomfort. Thus, Wendy is exhibiting:

A) tolerance.
B) withdrawal.
C) a psychological dependence.
D) a physical dependence.

Question 71

__________ exists when discontinuing the use of a drug creates withdrawal symptoms.

A) Psychological dependence
B) Physical dependence
C) Biopsychological interaction
D) Habituation

Question 72

Richard had been prescribed a strong painkiller for his back pain that he took for a number of months. When he stopped taking the painkiller, Richard began to experience nausea, tremors, and insomnia. Richard is exhibiting a ___________ to this painkiller.

A) habituation
B) biopsychological interaction
C) psychological dependence.
D) physical dependence.

Question 73

The unpleasant, significant changes in physical functioning and behavior that result when one discontinues the use of a drug are known as:

A) dishabituation.
B) tolerance.
C) withdrawal.
D) biopsychological interactions.

Question 74

Danny is addicted to "crystal meth."When he is without this drug, he experiences _________ symptoms that include extreme fatigue, trembling, irritability, and depression.

A) withdrawal
B) tolerance
C) dishabituation
D) biopsychological interaction

Question 75

Dr. Sanchez believes that addiction is biologically based and involves a loss of control over one's behavior. Dr. Sanchez subscribes to the _________ of addiction.

A) disease model
B) behavioral model
C) life-process model
D) physiological model

Question 76

Dr. Amir believes that a person inherits a genetic predisposition to become an alcoholic. Dr. Amir subscribes to the ________ of addiction.

A) physiological model
B) life-process model
C) disease model
D) behavioral model

Question 77

The ________ model of addiction has been strongly promoted and supported by Alcoholics Anonymous.

A) physiological
B) disease
C) behavioral
D) life-process

Question 78

In the __________ model of addiction, addiction is a habitual response and a source of gratification or security that can be understood best in the context of social relationships and experiences.

A) psychological
B) disease
C) behavioral
D) life-process

Question 79

After Aaron was downsized from the job that he had held for over 25 years, he became despondent and began drinking alcohol to dull this emotional pain. His drinking continued as he searched unsuccessfully for another job. He began staying "drunk" more hours of the day than sober. This description of Aaron's addiction would best fit the _________ model of addiction.

A) psychological
B) life-process
C) disease
D) behavioral

Question 80

After a few drinks, the usually shy Cindy begins to sing and dance at the party. This occurs because the alcohol:

A) slows down the brain areas that regulate control and judgment.
B) speeds up the brain areas that regulate emotion and language function.
C) slows her heart rate and breathing so that she feels more relaxed and friendly.
D) depresses her shy side, allowing her more animated side to show.