Deck 10: Achievement, Careers, and Work

Question 1

Barbara studies very hard at college because she wants to get good grades in order not to disappoint her parents. Barbara is:

A) extrinsically motivated.
B) intrinsically motivated.
C) exhibiting the beginnings of self-actualization.
D) exhibiting a Type A personality.

Answer 1

extrinsically motivated.

Question 2

Cierra often studies her psychology textbooks late into the night because she wants to become the best psychologist she can be. Cierra:

A) is extrinsically motivated.
B) is intrinsically motivated.
C) has a need to control others.
D) is intellectualizing in order to overcome feelings of inferiority.

Answer 2

is intrinsically motivated.

Question 3

According to research, ___________ improves performance, persistence, creativity, and self-esteem.

A) a need for power
B) intrinsic motivation
C) extrinsic motivation
D) being highly competitive

Answer 3

intrinsic motivation

Question 4

Highly successful individuals:

A) have a high personal standard of achievement.
B) emphasize personal effort.
C) are highly competitive.
D) exhibit all of the above.

Question 5

__________ usually focus on transitions in life, such as graduating from college, getting married, or entering an occupation.

A) Personal projects
B) Personal strivings
C) Life Tasks
D) Extrinsic incentives

Question 6

Miranda is not happy with her hairstyle or her wardrobe. She decides to spend the Christmas holidays experimenting with different hairstyles and shopping for a new wardrobe. According to Eccles, Miranda's Christmas holiday plans are part of her:

A) personal project.
B) personal strivings.
C) life tasks.
D) life structure.

Question 7

Jake vows at the beginning of the school year to study harder, to start projects earlier, and to make better grades. These vows, according to Eccles, are part of Jake's:

A) life project.
B) personal strivings.
C) life tasks.
D) extrinsic incentive.

Question 8

Achievement improves when people set goals that are:

A) specific.
B) short-term.
C) challenging.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

According to research, people are more likely to succeed if they set:

A) general long-term goals.
B) non-specific flexible goals.
C) concrete, specific goals.
D) abstract goals.

Question 10

Challenging goals tend to:

A) be set unrealistically high.
B) involve a commitment to self-improvement.
C) bring on failure and reduce confidence.
D) generate little interest or effort.

Question 11

Roger would be described as a high-achieving individual. Which of the following is he LEAST likely to do?

A) set non-specific, flexible goals.
B) set challenging goals.
C) monitor himself for progress toward his goals.
D) evaluate his progress toward these goals

Question 12

Good strategies for setting goals include:

A) setting goals that are challenging.
B) setting goals that are reasonable and specific.
C) creating subgoals.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

Time management:

A) can help one to become productive.
B) can create additional stress.
C) causes a person to work too much and have little time for play.
D) can do all of the above.

Question 14

Time management can:

A) help one to become productive.
B) lessen stress.
C) help a person to balance work and play.
D) do all of the above.

Question 15

According to Covey, "important" activities are those that:

A) require immediate attention.
B) are linked to your values and goals.
C) are extrinsically motivated.
D) are not urgent but will be in two weeks.

Question 16

You have a term paper that is due in three weeks. According to Covey's quadrants of time management, this term paper would be considered:

A) important and urgent.
B) important but not urgent.
C) not important but urgent.
D) not important and not urgent.

Question 17

According to Covey's quadrants of time management, a coworker coming into your office to borrow money for the vending machine would be considered:

A) important and urgent.
B) important but not urgent.
C) not important but urgent.
D) not important and not urgent.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of Covey's tips on how to use the time matrix?

A) Don't let your life be ruled by urgency.
B) Do not spend time on important nonurgent activities until they become urgent.
C) Set priorities for your tasks and complete them in that order.
D) Do important activities early; waiting just increases your stress level.

Question 19

Making a "to-do"list and evaluating this list at the end of the week allows one to:

A) set priorities.
B) stay focused on what is important to you.
C) have a sense of what you might have spent too much and too little time on.
D) do all of the above.

Question 20

According to your textbook, which of the following is/are obstacles to achievement?

A) Procrastination
B) Perfectionism
C) Protecting self-worth by avoiding failure
D) All of the above are obstacles to achievement.

Question 21

Reasons for procrastination include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a lack of perfectionism in one's work.
B) a fear of failure.
C) having negative beliefs about self.
D) boredom.

Question 22

Which of the following examples would be considered forms of procrastination?

A) Josh has come to believe that average or poor performance is acceptable.
B) Gina tends to take her books everywhere she goes but never opens them.
C) Justin says that he has to clean his room before getting to work on his term paper.
D) All of the above are forms of procrastination.

Question 23

Clanton has a report to write for class tomorrow. He thinks to himself, "What's the problem with watching an hour of TV now and studying later?"Which of the following is NOT good advice for Clanton?

A) Don't feel guilty about taking a break to watch a little TV because it will help you to relax.
B) Say to yourself "I really don't have much time left and should go ahead and start writing."
C) Give yourself a reward for completing the report.
D) Remind yourself of the consequences of procrastinating on this report.

Question 24

Marian has just started to college and is preoccupied with a fear of failure. When criticized, she often becomes overly defensive and sees mistakes as evidence of her unworthiness. Marian is exhibiting characteristics of:

A) the academic wooden leg syndrome.
B) perfectionism.
C) the normal, healthy striving of a young college student.
D) the glass ceiling syndrome.

Question 25

Asma has just started to college. She sets high standards, sees mistakes as opportunities for growth and learning, and reacts positively to helpful criticism. Asma is exhibiting characteristics of:

A) the academic wooden leg syndrome.
B) perfectionism.
C) a healthy striver.
D) the glass ceiling phenomenon.

Question 26

Common outcomes of perfectionism include:

A) depression.
B) anxiety.
C) eating disorders.
D) all of the above.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a common outcome of perfectionism?

A) increased productivity.
B) eating disorders.
C) relationship problems.
D) low self-esteem.

Question 28

Good strategies for reducing or eliminating perfectionist tendencies include:

A) making a list of the advantages and disadvantages of trying to be perfect.
B) setting strict time limits on each of your projects and when time is up, moving on and attending to another activity.
C) learning how to deal with criticism.
D) all of the above.

Question 29

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for a person to reduce their perfectionism?

A) In dealing with criticism, acknowledge the mistake and assert your right to make mistakes.
B) Set strict time limits on each of your projects; and when the time is up, move on and attend to another activity.
C) Reduce your standards until you see that average or poor performance can be acceptable.
D) Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of trying to be perfect.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a way that individuals protect their self-worth and avoid failure?

A) nonperformance
B) sham effort
C) the glass ceiling
D) the academic wooden leg

Question 31

Sometimes students protect their self-worth and avoid the possibility of failure by:

A) dropping out or having excessive absences.
B) feigning attention during a class discussion.
C) blaming a failing test score on anxiety.
D) doing any of the above.

Question 32

Amber often waits till the last minute to study for a test so that she can tell herself that her failure was due to her poor time management rather than a lack of academic ability. Amber is using ________ to protect her self-worth.

A) procrastination
B) nonperformance
C) sham effort
D) unreachable goals

Question 33

Terri always complains that she is overwhelmed by test anxiety during the algebra tests and if she could only relax she would have good grades in this class. By focusing on this anxiety, Terri does not have to acknowledge that she has very poor math skills. Terri is using the ________ to protect her self-worth.

A) the glass ceiling
B) the academic wooden leg
C) sham effort
D) nonperformance

Question 34

Jerry and his friends often put off projects until the last minute or fail to even make an effort so that their subsequent poor performance is due to these circumstances rather than a lack of ability. These efforts to avoid feelings of failure are known as:

A) self-handicapping strategies.
B) the glass ceiling syndrome.
C) reverse perfectionism.
D) unhealthy strivings.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to help reduce one's preoccupation with protecting self-worth and avoiding failure?

A) taking pride in your effort.
B) minimizing social comparison.
C) setting average and unchallenging goals.
D) having positive beliefs about your abilities.

Question 36

__________ proposed three stages (fantasy, tentative, realistic) of career development, while __________ described five stages in career development (growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline).

A) Super; Ginzberg
B) Ginzberg; Super
C) Eggers; Holland
D) Holland; Eggers

Question 37

Marty is seven years old and tells his grandparents that he wants to grow up to be a star quarterback for the New Orleans Saints and lead them to a Super Bowl victory. According to Ginzberg, Marty is in which stage of career development?

A) growth stage
B) fantasy stage
C) exploration stage
D) tentative stage

Question 38

From birth through early adolescence, children move from having no interest in vocations to having extensive fantasies about careers and then to career interests based on likes and dislikes. According to Super, children are in which stage of career development?

A) growth stage
B) fantasy stage
C) exploration stage
D) tentative stage

Question 39

According to Anne Roe, children who have warm parents are likely to select careers that:

A) require a college degree.
B) are scientific in nature.
C) do not require strong social skills, such as accounting.
D) involve working with people.

Question 40

According to Anne Roe, children who have neglecting or rejecting parents are likely to select careers that:

A) require a college degree.
B) sales positions and public relations jobs.
C) do not require strong social skills.
D) involve working closely with people, such as nursing or counseling.

Question 41

Ginzberg's fantasy stage and Super's growth stage both occur during:

A) childhood.
B) late adolescence.
C) young adulthood.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 42

In Ginzberg's tentative stage during ________, individuals are in a transition between a fantasy view of careers and a realistic view.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) young adulthood
D) middle adulthood

Question 43

Which of the following would most likely have put aside his/her career fantasies and is now making some practical decisions about his/her career?

A) Robert, a 12-year-old boy
B) Dana, a 12-year-old girl
C) Kimberly, a 16-year-old girl.
D) Eduardo, a 19-year-old college sophomore

Question 44

According to Ginzberg, when individuals are about 18 to 25 years old and in the ______ stage, they discard their fantasies and make pragmatic decisions about their careers.

A) growth
B) exploration
C) realistic
D) establishment

Question 45

Vernie has taken many different courses during her two years at the community college and found that she really enjoyed her science and math courses. She recently declared her major to be pharmacy, and she is planning to get a job as a technician in a local pharmacy this summer to make sure that this is the career she truly wants to pursue. Vernie is in the ________ stage, according to Super.

A) growth
B) exploration
C) realistic
D) establishment

Question 46

The end of Super's exploration stage is marked by:

A) entry into a first trial job
B) career abandonment.
C) much ambiguity.
D) retirement.

Question 47

Which of the following can be detrimental to an adolescent's career development?

A) lack of career development classes in high schools
B) parents encouraging the adolescent toward a particular career
C) parents warning the adolescent to avoid particular careers
D) all of the above

Question 48

Anna worked part-time in the office of a local company while she was in college. When she graduated, the company offered her a full-time job. After three months on the job, Anna was upset and confused. She had really enjoyed her part-time job with the company, but she was becoming rapidly unhappy working for this company full time. Which of the following could be the reason(s) for her unhappiness?

A) The employer's expectations and demands were likely to be higher than when she was a part-time employee.
B) The relationships with other employees are more important in a full-time job.
C) Anna did not expect the extreme demands on her time that full-time employment places on her.
D) All of the above could be reasons.

Question 49

Henry is 32 years old and has been with the company for almost eight years now. He has been promoted twice and is moving toward a pattern of stable work in his career. According to Super, Henry is in the _______ stage of career development.

A) establishment
B) generative
C) attainment
D) realistic

Question 50

Super's _________ stage is the time during which the clinical psychologist Daniel Levinson described as the time in life when individuals need to develop a distinct occupational identity and establish themselves in the occupational world.

A) attainment
B) realistic
C) establishment
D) generative

Question 51

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning career advancement?

A) A college degree is associated with earlier and greater career advancement.
B) Persons who are promoted later tend to move farther up the career ladder than those who are promoted early.
C) By their early forties, many individuals have gone as far as they will go up the career ladder.
D)The advancement within a large corporation usually occurs along the same pattern regardless of . whether the positions were nonmangement, lower management, or foreman.

Question 52

Which of the following is MOST likely to be at the maintenance stage of career development?

A) Mary, a 25-year-old graduate student
B) Stan, a 55-year-old factory worker
C) Julienne, a 19-year-old college freshman
D) Albert, a 72-year-old retiree

Question 53

Kenneth is 52 years old and has been a retail manager for the last twenty-five years. At this point in his career development, Kenneth is MOST likely to:

A) be in Super's realistic stage of career development.
B) stop setting career goals.
C) receive a promotion within the company.
D) assess where he is and set a pace for retirement.

Question 54

Which of the following usually does NOT occur during Super's maintenance stage of career development?

A) making decisions about whether to change careers and rebalance family and work
B) planning for retirement from the company
C) receiving several promotions for tenure and loyalty to the company
D) determining how one's career needs and success fit into the larger picture and meaning of one's life

Question 55

___________ believed that the midlife career experience is a significant turning point in one's life and can lead to sadness or grieving over unfulfilled dreams or even to rebellion in the form of extramarital affairs, divorce, alcoholism, suicide, or career change.

A) Levinson
B) Ginzberg
C) Holland
D) Super

Question 56

According to Levinson, if people perceive that they are behind schedule and that their goals have been unrealistic, the readjustment of goals can lead to which of the following?

A) career change
B) divorce or extramarital affairs
C) alcoholism or suicide
D) any of the above

Question 57

In recent years, middle-aged workers have been forced to reassess their careers due to:

A) rapid changes in computer technology.
B) downsizing of workforces.
C) globalization and outsourcing.
D) all of the above.

Question 58

What percentage of middle-aged Americans changes jobs?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 40%

Question 59

The _______ stage is Super's label for the period when people are 65 years and older and career activity slows and retirement takes place.

A) maintenance
B) reflection
C) decline
D) integrity

Question 60

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding a comparison of younger and older workers?

A) Younger workers have a 20 percent better attendance record than older workers.
B) Younger workers have fewer accidents than older workers
C) Older workers have increased job satisfaction compared with younger workers.
D) All of the above are True.

Question 61

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding a comparison of younger and older workers?

A) Older workers have a 20 percent better attendance record than younger workers.
B) Older workers have fewer accidents than younger workers
C) Older workers have increased job satisfaction compared with younger workers.
D) All of the above are True.

Question 62

___________ is one of the best predictors of job performance in older adults.

A) Cognitive ability
B) Physical strength and stamina
C) Economic necessity
D) The need for power

Question 63

The probability of working after age 65 has been found to be positively correlated with several factors. According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

A) a strong psychological commitment to work
B) being married to a working wife
C) one's salary level
D) good health

Question 64

Randy is thinking about choosing a career. What would you recommend to him as a first step?

A) Ask family and friends about what careers they believe would be good ones to pursue.
B) Focus on financial goals, basing one's career decisions on finding one of the highest paying careers.
C) Evaluate your academic and personal skills realistically.
D) Start looking for jobs in the want ads.

Question 65

Concerning the U.S. Department of Labor's information about career skills, the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) emphasizes three types of skills:

A) basic, thinking, and people.
B) developmental, average, and advanced
C) people, mechanical, and research
D) government, industry, agriculture

Question 66

Vocational theorist _________ believes that when individuals find careers that fit their personality, they are more likely to enjoy the work and stay in their jobs than if they work at jobs not suited for their personality.

A) Eli Ginzberg
B) John Holland
C) Donald Super
D) Daniel Levinson

Question 67

Which of the following is one of Holland's six career-related personality styles?

A) liberal
B) conservative
C) enterprising
D) practical

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of Holland's six career-related personality styles?

A) artistic
B) conservative
C) enterprising
D) realistic

Question 69

According to the personality type theory, those with a realistic type of personality would be BEST suited for:

A) teaching, social work, or counseling.
B) sales, management, or politics.
C) blue-collar positions, engineers, or pilots.
D) structured jobs, such as bank tellers or secretaries.

Question 70

According to the personality type theory, those with a social type of personality would be BEST suited for:

A) teaching, social work, or counseling.
B) sales, management, or politics.
C) blue-collar positions, engineers, or pilots.
D) structured jobs, such as bank tellers or secretaries.

Question 71

According to the personality type theory, those with an enterprising type of personality would be BEST suited for:

A) teaching, social work, or counseling.
B) sales, management, or politics.
C) blue-collar positions, engineers, or pilots.
D) structured jobs, such as bank tellers or secretaries.

Question 72

According to the personality type theory, those with a conventional type of personality would be BEST suited for:

A) teaching, social work, or counseling.
B) sales, management, or politics.
C) blue-collar positions, engineers, or pilots.
D) structured jobs, such as bank tellers or secretaries.

Question 73

Mark is physically robust and enjoys the outdoors and manual labor. He has difficulty in demanding situations and prefers to either work alone or with other like-minded people. According to personality type theory, Mark would most likely fit within which career-related personality style?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) artistic

Question 74

Grant would be described as very intelligent, and he enjoys working with ideas. However, he is rather indifferent to social relationships and is even troubled by very emotional situation s. According to personality type theory, Grant would most likely fit within which career-related personality style?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) investigative

Question 75

Helen dislikes conformity, values freedom and ambiguity, and sometimes has difficulty in interpersonal relations. She loves working with ideas and materials and expressing them in new ways. According to personality type theory, Helen would most likely fit within which career-related personality style?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) artistic

Question 76

Marian is a special education teacher, and enjoys assisting people in need. Marian would most likely fit into which of Holland's career-related personality styles?

A) social
B) realistic
C) conventional
D) investigative

Question 77

Ross is CEO of a major corporation and is very good at coordinating the work of others and at persuading other people to adopt his attitudes and choices. He's thinking about going into politics. According to personality type theory, Ross would most likely fit within which career-related personality style?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) investigative

Question 78

Lavera is excellent at working with numbers and details and prefers working in well-structured job situations, such as her job at the local bank. According to personality type theory, Lavera would most likely fit within which career-related personality style?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) investigative

Question 79

According to your textbook, the _________ type has the lowest prestige level of the six occupational interest types.

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) artistic
D) social

Question 80

According to your textbook, the _________ type has the highest educational level and the highest prestige level of the six occupational interest types.

A) investigative
B) realistic
C) conventional
D) enterprising