Deck 9: Adult Life Styles

Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE about single people?

A) Most single adults are desperately lonely and depressed.
B) Most single adults would fit into the "swinging single" category.
C) The majority of older adults living alone are widowed.
D) Living alone when you are 20 years old is much the same as living alone when you are 30, 50
E) or 70.

Answer 1

The majority of older adults living alone are widowed.

Question 2

Candice is single and lives in the United States. According to research, she will most likely face which of the following problems?

A) forming intimate relationships with other adults
B) confronting loneliness
C) finding a niche in a society that is marriage-oriented
D) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Using surveys, Professor Silamath is studying the lifestyle of living single. What is a disadvantage of living single that he will discover in his study?

A) the time to think and make decisions
B) autonomy
C) finding a niche in society
D) privacy

Answer 3

finding a niche in society

Question 4

Jack is single and lives in the United States. Which of the following would be considered an advantage of his being single?

A) being able to form numerous intimate relationships that will combat loneliness
B) the ease with which he is able to establish a niche in this single-oriented society
C) being able to make autonomous decisions and pursue his own interests
D) all of the above

Question 5

People who live a single lifestyle are inclined to:

A) be homosexual.
B) fear commitments.
C) be too bizarre to develop intimate relationships.
D) experience social pressure to marry.

Question 6

Jordan's parents and co-workers have recently begun to exert varying degrees of pressure for him to settle down and get married. He is most likely what age?

A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35

Question 7

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cohabitation?

A) The majority of cohabitating arrangements last about five years.
B) Almost 60% of U.S. couples cohabitate before marriage.
C) In Sweden, cohabitation before marriage is virtually universal.
D) Many couples view their cohabitation as an ongoing lifestyle.

Question 8

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cohabitation in the United States?

A) One-third of cohabiting arrangements last less than one year.
B) Fewer than 1 out of 10 cohabiting arrangements last five years.
C) The United States has the highest cohabitation rate in the world.
D) Couples that cohabited before marriage divorced at a higher rate than couples who had not
E) cohabited before marriage.

Question 9

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cohabitation in the United States?

A) One-third of cohabiting arrangements last less than one year.
B) Fewer than 1 out of 10 cohabiting arrangements last five years.
C) Couples that cohabited before marriage divorced at a lower rate than couples who had not
D) cohabited before marriage.
E) Other countries have a higher cohabitation rate than the United States.

Question 10

Emilio and Meghan are thinking about living together. They reason that cohabitation will give them a chance to see if they are compatible with each other. They say that if they do ultimately marry, they will be happier and their marriage more stable because of cohabiting. According to research:

A) couples who cohabit and later marry are happier than those who did not cohabit before marriage.
B) cohabiting couples are less likely to divorce than couples who did not cohabit before marriage.
C) both A. and B. are true
D) neither A. nor B. are true

Question 11

Cohabiting relationships differ from marriages in which of the following ways?

A) Relationships between cohabiting men and women tend to be more equal than those between husbands and wives.
B) Cohabiting couples are more likely to share household chores and tasks than married couples.
C) Cohabiting couples have more difficulty owning property jointly than married couples do.
D) All of the above are differences.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about cohabitation?

A) Nearly half of cohabiting arrangements last 5 years of more.
B) In other countries, such as Sweden, people are less likely to cohabitate than in the U.S.
C) Cohabiting couples tend to have more equal relationships than married couples.
D) It is relatively easy for cohabiting couples to jointly own property.

Question 13

Jeremy and Janae are a cohabiting couple. Which of the following should they NOT expect?

A) to have difficulty owning property jointly.
B) to receive disapproval from parents and/or other family members.
C) to be more likely to share household chores than if they were married.
D) to be less likely to divorce should they marry than a couple who did not cohabit before marriage.

Question 14

Some researchers have found that cohabitation is associated with higher divorce rates when the couples subsequently marry. Explanations for this finding include:

A) that non-traditional people might be more likely to cohabitate.
B) that cohabiting may change people's attitudes in ways that increase the likelihood of divorce.
C) both A. and B
D) neither A. nor B

Question 15

Which of the following people is most likely to cohabitate?

A) John, who is 60 years old and whose wife died 3 years ago.
B) Mary, who is 70, widowed, and financially well-off.
C) Jane, who is 50 and has never been married.
D) Any of the above is equally likely to cohabitate.

Question 16

In 2002, _______ of U.S. adults had been married at least once by the time they were 55 years old.

A) 65 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 85 percent
D) 95 percent

Question 17

In 2002, the average age for a first marriage was almost ____ years for men and just over ____ years for women.

A) 21; 19
B) 23; 21
C) 25; 22
D) 27; 25

Question 18

On the average, a first marriage in the U.S. lasts for approximately ____ years.

A) three
B) five
C) eight
D) ten

Question 19

Which of the following is/are current trends regarding marriage in the U.S.?

A) The average age for a first marriage has increased for both males and females.
B) The percentage of adults who are married at any one point when surveyed has steadily declined.
C) Today's marriages are more fragile and intense than they were decades ago.
D) All of the above are current trends seen in U.S. marriages.

Question 20

_________ was the most important characteristic in selecting a marital partner in China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Taiwan, and the Palestinian Arab culture.

A) Chastity
B) Domesticity
C) "Your spouse being your soul mate"
D) Love

Question 21

_________ was valued as a very important trait for selecting a marital partner in the Zulu culture in South Africa; Estonia, Colombia, and Spain.

A) The ability to communicate
B) Housekeeping skills
C) Money management skills
D) Emotional depth

Question 22

According to a recent national survey, young adults in the United States view ____________ as one of the two most important characteristics for a spouse to possess.

A) having above average intelligence
B) being devoutly religious
C) the ability to communicate
D) the ability to earn a good living

Question 23

Ninety-four percent of never-married singles said that when they marry, they want their spouse to:

A) be attractive.
B) be their "soul mate."
C) be highly intelligent.
D) have a good sense of humor.

Question 24

Which of the following people would most likely have a high degree of marital satisfaction?

A) Jim, who lived with his fiancée before marriage
B) Sandra, who is thrilled to have "found her prince"
C) Ali, who thinks that marriage will be hard work
D) Jocelyn, who prefers to avoid conflicts

Question 25

Which of the following is/are TRUE about marriage?

A) One of the most frequent marital problems is poor communication.
B) People who have a highly romantic view of marriage typically experience higher levels of marital satisfaction.
C) Marital satisfaction for the wife is usually lower if she is employed full-time than if she is a full-time homemaker.
D) All of the above are True statements about marriage.

Question 26

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about marriage?

A) A husband's marital satisfaction is usually lower if his wife is employed full-time than if she is a full-time homemaker.
B) Having a child is related to increased marital satisfaction for both partners.
C) The best single predictor of overall marital satisfaction is the quality of a couple's sex life.
D) Wives usually make more life-style adjustments in marriage than husbands do.

Question 27

Marriage therapists believe that many unfulfilling marriages are due to:

A) the couple having too many financial worries.
B) the couple having unrealistic expectations.
C) one of the couple having an undiagnosed mental disorder.
D) the pressures of childrearing.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Affairs are the main reason people get divorced.
B) Men are poorly suited for a monogamous marriage; that is, they are philanderers by nature.
C) Gender differences are the main cause of marital problems.
D) None of the above is a True statement.

Question 29

The key factor in whether wives or husbands feel satisfied with the sex, romance, and passion in their marriages is:

A) the frequency of these sexual encounters.
B) the attractiveness of their spouse.
C) the quality of the couple's friendship.
D) the age and health of the spouse.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT required for a successful marriage to occur, according to Gottman's research?

A) Seeing your spouse as a friend.
B) Partners singing each other's praises
C) Couples having shared goals
D) Couples avoiding arguments

Question 31

Which of the following is required for a successful marriage to occur, according to Gottman's research?

A) Solving perpetual problems
B) Letting your partner influence you
C) Agreeing on how often to have sex
D) Avoiding arguments

Question 32

Which of the following is/are linked to successful marriages, according to Gottman's research?

A) Spouses develop love maps, that is, personal insights into their partners' lives.
B) Spouses see each other as friends.
C) Spouses are willing to share power and to respect the other's point of view.
D) All of the above are linked to successful marriages.

Question 33

According to Gottman's research, the strategy of establishing love maps refers to:

A) having personal insights into each others' worlds.
B) a willingness to share power and respect for the other person's point of view.
C) sharing goals and working together to achieve each other's goals.
D) respecting each other's points of view despite disagreements.

Question 34

Gottman has found that resolving conflicts works best when couples:

A) are tolerant of each other's faults.
B) are willing to negotiate and compromise.
C) regulate their emotions.
D) do all of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following would NOT help couples to resolve conflicts, according to Gottman's research?

A) Being tolerant of each other's faults.
B) Being willing to negotiate and compromise.
C) Openly expressing one's negative feelings "to clear the air"
D) Using a soft rather than a harsh approach to resolve the conflict

Question 36

Which of the following BEST illustrates the concept of gridlock within a relationship?

A) John likes to stay home, and Rachel likes to go to parties.
B) Sandra and Jason are having financial problems due to their credit card debt.
C) Morgan criticizes Greg in front of their friends, and Greg retaliates by doing the same.
D) All of the above are examples of gridlock in a relationship.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding the benefits of marriage?

A) Individuals who are happily married live longer than the divorced or unhappily married.
B) Individuals who are happily married are healthier than the divorced or unhappily married.
C) Women in satisfying marriages are healthier than unmarried women.
D) All of the above are TRUE.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the benefits of marriage?

A) People in happy marriages feel less physically and emotionally stressed.
B) Unmarried women and happily married women have been found to be equally healthy.
C) Individuals who are happily married live longer than the divorced.
D) Married men are healthier than unmarried men.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the divorce rate in the U.S.?

A) The divorce rate has remained relatively steady since the 1970s.
B) The divorce rate is higher in high-income families.
C) The divorce rate increased from the 1960s to the 1980s, but has been declining since the 1980s.
D) The divorce rate has been climbing steadily since the 1960s.

Question 40

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with increases in divorce?

A) a youthful marriage
B) premarital pregnancy
C) high educational level
D) low income

Question 41

According to the factors associated with increased risk of divorce, which of the following couples is most likely to get a divorce?

A) Julie and Carlo have both finished college and have jobs.
B) Harry and Charlene have just graduated from high school, and Charlene is four months pregnant.
C) Greg and Sue got married just after junior college but are planning to postpone having children until . they finish college and work for a few years.
D) All are equally likely to get a divorce.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) The likelihood of divorce is highest in the fifth to tenth years of marriage.
B) Young couples who divorce are likely to have marriages marked by cool, distant relationships with suppressed emotions.
C) Couples who divorce at midlife are characterized by heated emotions that burn out the marriage.
D) All of the above statements are True.

Question 43

Margo and Randy are a young couple who have been married for seven years and are contemplating getting a divorce. In this troubled relationship,

A) one of the divorcing adults will most likely feel like that his or her life is "empty."
B) this couple will be volatile and expressive, full of disappointments that they let each other know about.
C) this couple will be cool and distant with suppressed emotions.
D) this couple will stop talking to each other and will increasingly become alienated and avoidant of each other.

Question 44

Joanne and Matthew are having marital difficulties. Their relationship is characterized by heated, often volatile arguments, in which they openly express their disappointments to each other. Joanne and Matthew are most likely:

A) a young couple.
B) a middle-aged couple.
C) an elderly couple.
D) a couple who have a low income and are poorly educated.

Question 45

Jeremy and Sarah are having marital difficulties. They tend to be cool and distant to each other, suppressing their emotions most of the time. This distant relationship has little laughter or love. Jeremy and Sarah are most likely:

A) a young couple.
B) a middle-aged couple.
C) a wealthy couple.
D) a highly educated couple.

Question 46

Older adults account for about _____ percent of all who divorce in any given year in the United States.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 47

Being divorced is associated with:

A) lower immune functioning.
B) higher rates of depression.
C) higher rates of alcoholism.
D) all of the above.

Question 48

Which of the following individuals is likely to experience the greatest decline in income following a divorce?

A) Jared, who has custody of his daughter and lives in the family home
B) Sally, who was a full-time homemaker before the divorce and has custody of the children
C) Carol, who has custody of the children and has worked outside the home through much of her marriage
D) Any of the above individuals is equally likely to experience the same decline in income.

Question 49

Following a divorce, women, on the average, experience:

A) a 10 to 20 percent decline in income.
B) a 20 to 35 percent decline in income.
C) a 35 to 50 percent decline in income.
D) very little decline in income, while men experience a significant decline due to paying child support.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about income after divorce is TRUE?

A) Men usually suffer a greater drop in income than women because of alimony and child support.
B) Men and women suffer about the same drop in income after divorce.
C)The economic decline for women after divorce has diminished somewhat because of changing gender roles and women's greater experience in the workforce.
D) None of the above statements is True.

Question 51

According to your text, which of the following factors is NOT one of the factors that Hetherington found that can enable divorced adults to cope more effectively?

A) having general goals rather than specific concrete goals regarding the future
B) developing a new intimate relationship
C) finding a sense of security and social support through religious affiliation
D) pouring oneself into one's work in an effort to find continuity and stability

Question 52

According to your text, which of the following factors did Hetherington find to enable divorced adults to cope more effectively?

A) An internal locus of control
B) A new intimate relationship
C) Pouring oneself into one's work in an effort to find continuity and stability
D) All of the above are factors that enable divorced adults to cope effectively.

Question 53

Transitional figures were especially important in helping divorced adults:

A) to find a new place to live.
B) to find new friends.
C) by lending support and giving advice.
D) by doing all of the above.

Question 54

In Hetherington's research, the most powerful factor in reducing postdivorce stress was:

A) pouring oneself into one's work.
B) learning to be comfortable being alone and independent in one's decision making.
C) a new intimate relationship.
D) religious affliliation.

Question 55

According to Hetherington and Kelly, the largest group of people fell into the ______ postdivorce category.

A) the good enoughs
B) the seekers
C) the libertines
D) the defeated

Question 56

Jay is recently divorced. He is well-adjusted, self-sufficient, and socially skilled. He has a successful career, an active social life, and a wide range of interests. At this point, Jay has little interest in sharing his life with anyone else. Like 10% of divorced individuals, Jay would fit into which postdivorce pathway category?

A) the enhancer
B) the competent loner
C) the good enough
D) the libertine

Question 57

Following her divorce, Janie has grown more competent in many areas of her life and feels self-fulfilled for the first time in her life. Like 20% of divorced individuals, Janie has shown a remarkable ability to bounce back from the stressful circumstances of her divorce, to find something meaningful in the process, and to be better prepared to share her life with another in the future. Janie would fit into which postdivorce pathway category?

A) the enhancer
B) the competent loner
C) the seeker
D) the libertine

Question 58

George was divorced about a year ago. Since his divorce, he has frequented singles bars and has had a number of meaningless sexual encounters. At this point, George would be classified in which postdivorce pathway category?

A) the good enough
B) the defeated
C) the seeker
D) the libertine

Question 59

Margo became divorced six months ago and has been going on numerous dates. She is motivated to find a new mate as soon as possible and be back to being "a couple." Margo would be classified in which postdivorce pathway category?

A) the seeker
B) the libertine
C) the enhancer
D) the good enough

Question 60

Ralph is an alcoholic whose wife has just divorced him and taken the children. Ralph is having difficulty coping with the loss of his family and his drinking has dramatically increased. Ralph would be classified in which postdivorce pathway category?

A) the libertine
B) the good enough
C) the defeated
D) the doomed

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT one of Hetherington and Kelly's recommended strategies for divorced adults?

A) Look at the divorce as an opportunity for personal growth.
B) Focus more on the past and present than on the future.
C) Think carefully about your choices.
D) Remember most of the people who were categorized as defeated immediately after the divorce . gradually moved on to a better life with effort.

Question 62

Which of the following is/are recommended strategies by Hetherington and Kelly for divorced adults?

A) Look at the divorce as an opportunity for personal growth.
B) Focus more on the future than the past.
C) Don't expect to be successful and happy in everything you do.
D) All of the above are recommended strategies for divorced adults.

Question 63

Which of the following statements about remarriage is/are TRUE?

A) On average, divorced people remarry within four years after their divorce.
B) Women remarry sooner than men.
C) More than half of stepfamily couples stay married.
D) All of the above choices are True.

Question 64

Which of the following statements about remarriage is/are TRUE?

A) On average, divorced people remarry within four years after their divorce.
B) Men remarry sooner than women.
C) Only one-third of stepfamily couples stay married.
D) All of the above choices are True.

Question 65

Which of the following is/are reason(s) that remarried adults often find it difficult to stay remarried?

A) They experience more stress in rearing children than parents in never-divorced families.
B) They may carry into the stepfamily negative patterns that produced failure in their first marriages.
C) They remarried for financial reasons or for help in rearing the children.
D) All of the above are reasons for having difficulties in remaining remarried.

Question 66

Which of the following is/are adjustment strategies that would be helpful for remarried adults?

A) Allow time for loving relationships to develop.
B) Create new traditions and ways of dealing with difficult circumstances.
C) Don't expect instant love from stepchildren.
D) All of the above are adjustment strategies that would helpful for remarried adults.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT an adjustment strategy that would be helpful for remarried adults?

A) Don't worry about making the same mistakes in this new marriage because it is totally different than the first marriage.
B) Allot time for you and your new spouse to be alone with each other.
C) Create new traditions and ways of dealing with difficult circumstances.
D) Don't expect instant love from stepchildren.

Question 68

Which of the following is TRUE regarding gay and lesbian relationships/families?

A) Gay and lesbian relationships are similar in their satisfactions, loves, joys, and conflicts to heterosexual relationships.
B) In most homosexual couples, one partner is masculine and the other feminine.
C) Most gay and lesbian couples prefer open relationships to long-term committed relationships.
D) The majority of children growing up in a gay or lesbian family develop a homosexual orientation.

Question 69

Which of the following is FALSE regarding gay and lesbian relationships/families?

A) Gay and lesbian relationships are similar in their satisfactions, loves, joys, and conflicts to heterosexual relationships.
B) In most homosexual couples, one partner is masculine and the other feminine.
C) Most lesbian couples prefer long-term committed relationships to open relationships.
D) The majority of children growing up in a gay or lesbian family have a heterosexual orientation.

Question 70

Which of the following is/are TRUE statement(s) regarding children who grow up with gay or lesbian parents?

A) Children growing up in gay or lesbian families are just as popular with their peers as those growing up in heterosexual families.
B)There are no differences in the adjustment and mental health of children living in gay or lesbian families when compared with children in heterosexual families.
C) The overwhelming majority of children growing up in a gay or lesbian family have a heterosexual orientation.
D) All of the above are True statements.

Question 71

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding children who grow up with gay or lesbian parents?

A) Children growing up in gay or lesbian families are just as popular with their peers as those growing up in heterosexual families.
B) There are no differences in the adjustment and mental health of children living in gay or lesbian families when compared with children in heterosexual families.
C) One of their parents will take on a masculine role, while the other will take on a feminine role.
D) The overwhelming majority of children growing up in a gay or lesbian family have a heterosexual orientation.

Question 72

Increasing the flexibility of family boundaries to include children's independence and grandparents' frailties is the emotional process required of the family life cycle stage known as:

A) the new couple.
B) the family at midlife.
C) the family with adolescents.
D) the family in later life.

Question 73

Accepting a multitude of exits and entries into the family system is the emotional process required of the family life cycle known as:

A) the new couple.
B) the family at midlife.
C) the family with adolescents.
D) the family in later life.

Question 74

Accepting the shifting of generational roles is the emotional process required of the family life cycle known as:

A) the new couple.
B) the family at midlife.
C) the family with adolescents.
D) the family in later life.

Question 75

The family at midlife is most likely to make which of the following transitions?

A) Increasing flexibility of family boundaries
B) Accepting the shifting of generational roles
C) Accepting emotional and financial responsibility for self
D) Accepting a multitude of exits and entries into the family system

Question 76

Launching is the process in which:

A) adults accept a multitude of exits and entries into the family system.
B) youth move into adulthood and exit their family of origin.
C) adults accept the shifting of generational roles.
D) two people commit to the new system through marriage and childbearing.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT true of the process of launching?

A) It is a time to formulate life goals and develop an identity.
B) It involves accepting emotional and financial responsibility for self.
C) Young adults separate from the family of origin by cutting off their ties completely.
D) Young adults no longer feel compelled to comply with parental expectations and wishes.

Question 78

Rita is in the process of launching. What does that mean?

A) Rita is moving into adulthood and leaving her family.
B) Rita is being promoted from her entry-level position to a higher level at work.
C) Rita is considering having a child.
D) Rita is becoming more confident that she has selected the right career.

Question 79

Sandra had a number of conflicts with her parents when she was a teenager. She is now 20 and has recently moved into her own apartment. Sandra is still very emotional about her relationship with her parents; and she still often has conflicts with them whenever they interact. Which of the following would be the best course of action for Sandra to positively resolve this situation?

A) Sandra should initially cut all ties with her parents and become completely independent.
B) Sandra should ask her best friend to move in with her so the friend can be an emotional refuge during
This transition.
C) Sandra should deal with her parents on an adult-to-adult basis, which involves showing respect and accepting her parents as they are.
D) Sandra should do all of the above.

Question 80

Marge and Al are getting married. One can predict that:

A) Marge will anticipate marriage with greater enthusiasm and more positive expectations than Al does.
B) Al will anticipate marriage with greater enthusiasm and more positive expectations than Marge does.
C)both Marge and Al will anticipate marriage with greater enthusiasm and more positive expectations since this is their second marriage.
D) neither Marge nor Al will anticipate this marriage with high enthusiasm and positive expectations since this is their second marriage.