Deck 8: Close Relationships and Love

Question 1

Which of the following factors has been shown to increase attraction?

A) physical attraction
B) familiarity
C) similarity
D) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Moreland and Beach performed an experiment in which they planted female students in the front row in a large college classroom for 15 class meetings. The real students in the classroom were then shown slides of these females who had attended the class and slides of females who had not attended their class. The students in this classroom rated:

A) all the females likeable whether they attended the class or not.
B) the females who had attended the class as more likeable but only if they had actually interacted with them.
C) the females who had attended class as more likeable even when they had not interacted with them.
D) none of the females as likeable since these females had only sat in the class and had not interacted with
Anyone in the classroom.

Answer 2

the females who had attended class as more likeable even when they had not interacted with them.

Question 3

Which of the following sayings would be considered the MOST credible, according to research findings?

A) "Familiarity breeds contempt."
B) "Birds of a feather flock together."
C) "Opposites attract."
D) None of the above sayings has any credibility.

Answer 3

"Birds of a feather flock together."

Question 4

Our friends and lovers are more likely to be like us regarding which factors?

A) attitudes
B) intelligence
C) physical attractiveness
D) all of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE concerning similarity and attraction?

A) Depressed college students preferred to meet others who were unhappy.
B) Friends have similar tastes in clothing, lifestyle, and values.
C) Friends are usually similar in intelligence and physical attractiveness.
D) All of the above statements are true.

Question 6

Similarity in values and behaviors in a relationship can serve to:

A) increase conflict in a relationship.
B) validate our values and behaviors.
C) reduce the pressure to diversify.
D) increase stress in a relationship.

Question 7

Our own attitudes and behavior are supported when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to ours. This is known as:

A) consensual validation.
B) the matching hypothesis.
C) self-actualization.
D) psychosocial congruence.

Question 8

What is the explanation for our tendency to be attracted to people who are like us?

A) consensual validation
B) attribution theory
C) White's model of similarity
D) altruism

Question 9

People are most often attracted to others who are:

A) similar to them because of the need for self-actualization.
B) similar to them because of consensual validation.
C) different from them because "opposites attract."
D) different from them because people tend to shy away from the known or predictable.

Question 10

According to Buss and Barnes' study, which of the following traits did heterosexual men NOT rate as an important trait for an intimate partner to have?

A) good looks
B) considerateness
C) cooking skills
D) frugality

Question 11

According to Buss and Barnes' study, which of the following traits did heterosexual women NOT rate as an important trait for an intimate partner to have?

A) good looks
B) considerateness
C) dependability
D) understanding

Question 12

Although we may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world we end up choosing someone who is close to our own level of attractiveness. This is known as:

A) consensual validation.
B) the matching hypothesis.
C) leveling.
D) psychosocial congruence.

Question 13

Trudy says of her high school, "The good-looking guys go out with good-looking girls." Trudy's observation is called:

A) leveling.
B) the law of equal relations.
C) the attraction model.
D) the matching hypothesis.

Question 14

Margaret is hoping someone will ask her to go to the senior prom. The guy who will probably ask her out will be:

A) more attractive than Margaret.
B) less attractive than Margaret.
C) at the same level of attractiveness as Margaret.
D) someone whose level of attractiveness cannot be predicted by research.

Question 15

Suzie and Charles are married; and they are very similar in many ways, including their level of physical attractiveness. Social psychologists would have predicted that Suzie and Charles' level of attractiveness would be similar based on:

A) the matching hypothesis.
B) consensual validation.
C) the theory of leveling.
D) psychosocial congruence.

Question 16

Jasmine is a quiet, studious college student of average attractiveness, who is a pre-med major. According to the factors involved in attraction, which of the following men would Jasmine most likely date?

A) George, who was voted the handsomest man on campus and is also a pre-med major
B) Bill, who is planning to go to law school and has known her since high school
C) Harold, who comes from a very wealthy family and loves to party
D) Jeffrey, a star football player, who is in many of her classes but is not committed to his studies.

Question 17

Martin is trying to attract Virginia's attention. If he is typical of most heterosexual males in Buss' study, he will rely on all of the following tactics EXCEPT for:

A) displaying his athleticism.
B) bragging about his new sports car.
C) wearing stylish clothes.
D) showing off his financial resources.

Question 18

Virginia is trying to attract Martin's attention. If she is typical of most heterosexual females in Buss' study, she will rely on all of the following tactics EXCEPT for:

A) being well groomed.
B) wearing make-up.
C) wearing stylish clothes.
D) showing off her sports car.

Question 19

Which cluster of personality characteristics is the LEAST likely to attract others?

A) assertive, dominating, intelligent
B) happy, sincere, honest
C) greedy, rude, conceited
D) passive, shy, honest

Question 20

Bobby, the handsome high school football star, drives a fancy sports car. However, people who know him say that he is rude, conceited, cruel, and thoughtless to others. According to the factors involved in attraction, which of the following statements is most likely to be TRUE?

A) Females will be very attracted to Bobby since physical attractiveness is an important factor for females.
B) Females will be very attracted to Bobby since his athletic ability is an important factor for females.
C) Females will be less attracted to Bobby because of his personality traits.
D) There is no way to predict whether females will be more or less attracted to Bobby based on this description.

Question 21

A(n)__________ is a close relationship that involves intimacy, trust, acceptance, mutual liking, and understanding.

A) romantic relationship
B) friendship
C) union
D) attachment

Question 22

According to research, which of the following is NOT a benefit of friendships?

A) reduces loneliness.
B) a source of self-esteem.
C) provides emotional support.
D) provides peer pressure to aid in decision-making.

Question 23

_________ was the most influential theorist to discuss the importance of friendships to our well-being and development.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Zick Rubin
C) Harry Stack Sullivan
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 24

According to Harry Stack Sullivan, if the need for playful companionship goes unmet, then we:

A) become bored and depressed.
B) become quiet and introverted.
C) become reckless and irresponsible.
D) suffer a lowered sense of self-worth.

Question 25

According to Harry Stack Sullivan, if the need for social acceptance goes unmet, then we:

A) become bored and depressed.
B) become quiet and introverted.
C) become reckless and irresponsible.
D) suffer a lowered sense of self-worth.

Question 26

Female friends tend to ___________ more than male friends do.

A) disagree with each other
B) want practical solutions to their problems
C) see talk as central to their relationship
D) engage in activities

Question 27

Female friends tend to ___________ more than male friends do.

A) self-disclose their weaknesses
B) listen and sympathize
C) have more close friends
D) do all of the above

Question 28

Male friends tend to ___________ more than female friends do.

A) disagree with each other
B) want practical solutions to their problems
C) engage in activities
D) do all of the above

Question 29

Male friends tend to ___________ more than female friends do.

A) self-disclose their weaknesses
B) listen and sympathize
C) disagree more with each other
D) have more close friends

Question 30

Which of the following statements about cross-gender friendships is/are FALSE?

A) Cross-gender friendships are more common among elementary school children than adults.
B) Adult cross-gender friendships have unclear sexual boundaries.
C) Women expect sympathy from a male friend but often receive a proposed solution.
D) All of the above statements are false.

Question 31

Paula and Linda have an adult cross-gender friendship. They can expect:

A) to acquire knowledge and understanding of the beliefs of the opposite sex.
B) possible problems to arise from different expectations.
C) possible problems to arise from unclear sexual boundaries.
D) all of the above.

Question 32

You have known Keri, Joan, and Marsha for about a month. Keri tends to be bossy at times as well as grouchy when "things" don't go her way. Joan is friendly but has a terrible time keeping any secret. Marsha quickly promises to help all the members of the group at various times, yet often has to break these promises. According to your textbook, which of these women has displayed friendship-ending behaviors towards you?

A) Keri
B) Joan
C) Marsha
D) All of the above

Question 33

According to Rubin, ________ involves our sense that someone else is similar to us and includes a positive evaluation of the individual.

A) liking
B) loving
C) infatuation
D) social attraction

Question 34

According to Rubin, ________ involves being close to someone and includes dependency, a more self-less orientation toward the person, and the qualities of absorption and exclusiveness.

A) liking
B) loving
C) infatuation
D) commitment

Question 35

___________ developed the "loving" and "liking" scales.

A) Harry Stack Sullivan
B) Alfred Adler
C) Zick Rubin
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 36

Liking someone tends to involve a sense of __________, whereas love involves more __________.

A) trust; respect
B) security; stability
C) similarity; dependency
D) closeness; understanding

Question 37

According to Rubin, if Marie likes José, but does not love him, she would:

A) display a self-less orientation to José.
B) have a positive evaluation of José.
C) show a dependency on José.
D) display the qualities of absorption and exclusiveness.

Question 38

According to Rubin, if Jose loves Marie, he would:

A) display a self-less orientation to Marie.
B) show a dependency on Marie.
C) display the qualities of absorption and exclusiveness.
D) show all of the above.

Question 39

Fred and Callie have been dating for a little over a month. They are infatuated with and sexually attracted to each other. What kind of love are they experiencing?

A) affectionate love.
B) romantic love.
C) companionate love.
D) consummate love.

Question 40

What love is being referred to in the statement, "I am in love"?

A) affectionate love.
B) consummate love.
C) romantic love
D) mature love

Question 41

According to Berscheid, ____________ love predominates in the early part of a love relationship.

A) affectionate
B) romantic
C) consummate
D) dependent

Question 42

According to Berscheid, _________ is the most important ingredient of romantic love.

A) affection
B) friendship
C) sexual desire
D) dependency

Question 43

Relationships with friends are more likely than relationships with spouses or lovers to:

A) involve fascination and exclusiveness.
B) cause depression.
C) be more stable.
D) be characterized by all of the above.

Question 44

Relationships with friends tend to be more _________, while we tend to experience more _________ in relationships with spouses or lovers.

A) stable; exclusiveness
B) spontaneous; stability
C) unstable; security
D) unhappy; enjoyment

Question 45

_____________ is also called companionate love and involves a deep caring for that person and a desire to have that person near.

A) Affectionate love
B) Romantic love
C) Consummate love
D) Fatuous love

Question 46

Harry and Marcia are sexually attracted to each other, enjoy the excitement of getting to know each other, but are uncertain about the security of developing an attachment. Shaver would describe Harry and Marcia's love as:

A) affectionate.
B) romantic.
C) consummate.
D) fatuous.

Question 47

Kate and Larry are a couple whose sexual attraction has waned, the novelty about each other has been replaced with familiarity, but they are securely attached in a deeply caring relationship. Shaver would describe Kate and Larry's love as:

A) affectionate.
B) romantic.
C) consummate.
D) fatuous.

Question 48

When a couple's sexual attraction has waned and familiarity has replaced novelty in the relationship, the lovers may:

A) find themselves securely attached in a deeply caring relationship.
B) become distressed and feel bored, lonely, and hostile.
C) end the relationship.
D) experience any of the above.

Question 49

____________ proposed that love can be thought of as a triangle with three main dimensions: passion, intimacy, and commitment.

A) Zick Rubin
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Henry Stack Sullivan
D) Abraham Maslow

Question 50

Robert Sternberg described a third form of love, ___________, which he said is the strongest, fullest type of love.

A) romantic love
B) affectionate love
C) consummate love
D) fatuous love

Question 51

According to Sternberg's model of love, which of the following is NOT one of the three dimensions?

A) passion
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) dependency

Question 52

Sternberg defined _________ as physical and sexual attraction to another; while the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing define ___________.

A) passion; intimacy
B) intimacy; passion
C) intimacy; commitment
D) passion; commitment

Question 53

__________ is our cognitive appraisal of the relationship and our intent to maintain the relationship even in the face of problems.

A) Affection
B) Intimacy
C) Commitment
D) Interdependency

Question 54

Delores and Sid enjoy being together and sharing many activities. According to Sternberg, Delores and Sid are exhibiting which dimension of Sternberg's model of love?

A) romance
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) infatuation

Question 55

James and Sue have decided to stay together no matter what problems may arise. According to Sternberg, James and Sue are exhibiting which dimension of Sternberg's model of love?

A) affection
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) infatuation

Question 56

Ed and Jane enjoy traveling to historical sites, working crossword puzzles together, and gardening. They have stayed together through good times and bad; and they are still sexually attracted to each other after 30 years of marriage. According to Sternberg, Ed and Jane are exhibiting:

A) consummate love.
B) affectionate love.
C) romantic love.
D) fatuous love.

Question 57

If passion is the only ingredient in a relationship with intimacy and commitment low or absent, the couple is exhibiting:

A) consummate love.
B) affectionate love.
C) infatuation.
D) fatuous love.

Question 58

Carl and Cindy have a weekend fling. Their type of love involved a lot of passion but very little intimacy and no commitment. According to Sternberg, Carl and Cindy experienced:

A) consummate love.
B) affectionate love.
C) fatuous love.
D) infatuation.

Question 59

Marge and Harry have been married for 20 years. They have weathered many difficulties in their marriage but never wavered in their commitment to each other. Although their sexual passion has waned, they still thoroughly enjoy the time they spend together and share many interests and hobbies. According to Sternberg, Marge and Harry are exhibiting:

A) consummate love.
B) affectionate love.
C) fatuous love.
D) infatuation.

Question 60

Simon and Sheryl are in the same classes, but they have never dated and have never talked beyond a "hello." Nevertheless, Simon is sexually attracted to Sheryl and believes that she is the "only girl for him," so much so that he will not ask anyone else out on a date. According to Sternberg, Simon is experiencing:

A) consummate love.
B) affectionate love.
C) fatuous love.
D) infatuation.

Question 61

Researchers have found that the quality of our romantic relationships is linked with:

A) our temperament and personality traits.
B) the quality of our attachment to caregivers during childhood.
C) our genetic makeup.
D) none of the above.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT one of Ainsworth's attachment styles?

A) secure attachment style
B) avoidant attachment style
C) dependent attachment style
D) ambivalent attachment style

Question 63

According to Ainsworth, if a caregiver is responsive to the infant's needs and shows positive emotions when interacting with the infant, the child will trust the caregiver, will not fear abandonment, and can explore the world in positive ways. This type of attachment would be described as:

A) dependent.
B) secure.
C) avoidant.
D) ambivalent.

Question 64

When three-year-old Wendy is hungry, tired, or feeling bad, she knows that her mother will be responsive to these needs. She also knows that when they are out in the neighborhood she can explore her surroundings, because her mother is close by to watch over her. Ainsworth would describe Wendy as having a(n):

A) secure attachment style.
B) dependent attachment style.
C) avoidant attachment style.
D) ambivalent attachment style.

Question 65

According to Ainsworth, if a caregiver is distant or rejecting and fails to respond to the infant's bids to establish intimacy, the infant will suppress its desire to be close to its caregiver. This type of attachment would be described as:

A) independent.
B) secure.
C) avoidant.
D) ambivalent.

Question 66

Three-year-old Reggie is playing in his yard and feels frightened when he hears a dog bark on the other side of the fence. He runs to his mother, who is sitting in a chair reading the paper. Reggie wants to get in her lap and be comforted but she holds Reggie "at arms' length"and tells him to be a "big boy" and go play. Reggie is left to comfort himself. The next time Reggie is frightened, he suppresses his desire to run to his mother to be comforted. Ainsworth would describe Reggie as having a(n):

A) secure attachment style.
B) dependent attachment style.
C) avoidant attachment style.
D) ambivalent attachment style.

Question 67

According to Ainsworth, if a caregiver is inconsistently available yet provides overbearing amounts of affection when she is present, the infant will not be able to predict when and how the caregiver will respond and will cling anxiously to the caregiver and then fight against this closeness by pushing away. This type of attachment would be described as:

A) dependent.
B) secure.
C) avoidant.
D) ambivalent.

Question 68

Three-year-old Abby's mother sometimes showers her with attention, while at other times is unavailable to minister to her needs. Thus, when her mother enters the room, Abby may run to her and want to be held but then will push away from her mother in a "I need you/don't need you"type of attachment described by Ainsworth as the:

A) independent attachment style.
B) ambivalent attachment style.
C) hesitant attachment style.
D) avoidant attachment style.

Question 69

Studies of infants' behavior and self-reports of adults indicate that about 70 percent of individuals have a(n) ______ attachment style.

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) ambivalent
D) mixed

Question 70

Researchers have found that adults who report that they were securely attached to their parents as children were found to have a(n) ________ attachment to their romantic partner.

A) independent
B) dependent
C) secure
D) ambivalent

Question 71

Melanie finds it easy to form friendships and get close to people. In her love relationship, she does not worry about becoming too dependent on her boyfriend, nor does she fear abandonment. According to research, Melanie most likely had a(n)__________ attachment with her caregiver during childhood.

A) independent
B) ambivalent
C) avoidant
D) secure

Question 72

Brian has had several relationships in the last five years, including three one-night stands. However, every time a relationship begins to get serious, Brian quickly ends it. According to research, Brian most likely had a(n)__________ attachment with his caregiver during childhood.

A) independent
B) ambivalent
C) avoidant
D) secure

Question 73

Barbara is extremely possessive and jealous of her boyfriend. They have broken up several times after heated arguments and then gotten back together without any overall improvement in their relationship. According to research, Barbara most likely had a(n)__________ attachment with her caregiver during childhood.

A) hesitant
B) ambivalent
C) avoidant
D) secure

Question 74

Although Clancy would be described as having an ambivalent attachment with her caregiver as a child, she has been married to a caring, devoted husband for the last eight years. According to research, what can be predicted concerning Clancy's adult attachment style?

A) Clancy's overall attachment style was set in childhood and will remain ambivalent.
B) Clancy's overall attachment style will change to the more independent style of the avoidant type.
C) Clancy's overall attachment style will not change unless she undergoes some stressful or disruptive life experience.
D) Clancy's attachment style as an adult may change.

Question 75

Men conceptualize love in terms of _________, whereas women conceptualize love more in terms of __________.

A) passion; friendship
B) friendship; passion
C) practicality; romance
D) sexuality; passion

Question 76

Concerning gender differences within marriages, women tend to be more _____________ than men.

A) expressive with their emotions
B) affectionate
C) likely to initiate a divorce
D) likely to do all of the above

Question 77

Concerning gender differences within marriages, men tend to be more likely to _____________ than women.

A) give their spouses a spontaneous kiss or hug
B) not understand what their spouses want from them.
C) initiate a divorce
D) do all of the above

Question 78

Falling out of love may be wise if you are:

A) obsessed with a person who repeatedly betrays your trust.
B) involved with someone who is draining you emotionally or financially.
C) desperately in love with someone who does not return your feelings.
D) experiencing any of the above.

Question 79

Norman and Jessica are having problems in their relationship. Jessica tends to want to spend every "waking moment"with Norman and is always accusing him of "looking at other girls"and wanting to be with them. Although Norman has been faithful, he is not very affectionate and does not openly express his emotions, except for getting angry at Jessica's possessiveness. Norman does have a problem holding on to any money that the couple makes. Jessica remains upset that their bank account is always close to empty when she needs to buy essentials. According to the textbook, Norman and Jessica are:

A) experiencing a fatuous love.
B) experiencing an avoidant attachment style.
C) probably falling out of love.
D) in a typical long-term consummate relationship.

Question 80

Falling out of love with someone can often be accomplished:

A) by telling others how much your partner hurt you.
B) without much effort.
C) by an in-depth review of the person and the relationship.
D) by focusing on positive things about yourself.