Deck 7: Communicating Effectively

Question 1

Which of the following is among the components of interpersonal communication?

A) value
B) filter
C) channel
D) target

Answer 1

channel

Question 2

In interpersonal communication, the information being sent is called the:

A) data package.
B) bundle.
C) encryption.
D) message.

Answer 2

message.

Question 3

The mode of delivery of the communication is called the:

A) source.
B) venue.
C) conduit.
D) channel.

Answer 3

channel.

Question 4

During a political debate, one of the candidates furrowed his brow and scowled. This scowling and furrowing of the brow would be considered the:

A) message.
B) channel.
C) conduit.
D) encryption.

Question 5

Information is to __________ as mode of communication delivery is to __________.

A) medium; channel
B) channel; conduit
C) message; conduit
D) message; channel

Question 6

A wife left her husband a handwritten note asking him to pick up several items at the store on his way home from work. The request and the items on the list constitute the ______ part of this interpersonal communication, while the note itself is the _________.

A) data package; medium
B) message; channel
C) content; conduit
D) bundle; venue

Question 7

A wife left her husband a handwritten note asking him to pick up several items at the store on his way home from work. In interpersonal communication, the act of writing the note is referred to as _______, while her husband's reading and understanding of the written words is called _______.

A) encoding; decoding
B) decoding; encoding
C) data packaging; channeling
D) content bundling; channeling

Question 8

When students are daydreaming or sleeping in class, they are unable to _________ the information presented by the teacher.

A) encode
B) decode
C) symbolize
D) facilitate

Question 9

Encoding is to decoding as _________ is to __________.

A) psychological; physiological
B) internal; external
C) producing; understanding
D) nonverbal; verbal

Question 10

There are environmental, physiological, and psychological factors that decrease the chance that a message will be understood. These factors are called:

A) noise.
B) transactional clutter.
C) signal.
D) decoding.

Question 11

In interpersonal communication, which of the following would be considered noise?

A) air pollution
B) hearing problems
C) anxiety
D) all of the above

Question 12

Sarita has low self-esteem and is frequently depressed. Her best friend complements Sarita on the visual display that she presented in class. This friend's communication was unsuccessful because Sarita did not:

A) decode the message due to psychological noise.
B) encode the message due to environmental noise.
C) channel the message because of physiological noise.
D) reciprocate the message because of encoding errors.

Question 13

"You need to lose weight" has more influence coming from a physician. One reason for this is due to the __________ dimension of interpersonal communication.

A) paralanguage
B) encoding
C) relationship
D) channel

Question 14

Many of the problems we encounter in interpersonal communication stem from the:

A) power implications of the relationship.
B) signal implications of the channel.
C) tendency we have to paraphrase.
D) the use of space.

Question 15

Nadine calls her husband at work and tells him that she has accepted an invitation for them to go to a charity auction tonight. If her husband gets angry, it is due to the:

A) signal implications of the channel dimension.
B) tendency we have to paraphrase in this content dimension.
C) the use of space in this relationship dimension.
D) power implications of the relationship dimension.

Question 16

Communication is transactional, which means that communication:

A) includes an encoding process.
B) includes a decoding process.
C) is an ongoing process between sender and receiver.
D) has an effect on the receiver but not the sender.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the transactional aspect of communication?

A) Communication is an ongoing process between the sender and receiver.
B) Communication unfolds over time.
C) Information can be communicated almost simultaneously between participants.
D) Communication has an effect on the receiver but not the sender.

Question 18

Information is simultaneously communicated between sender and receiver. This characteristic suggests that interpersonal communication is:

A) denotative.
B) transactional.
C) sequential.
D) sociocultural.

Question 19

Mary and Todd are discussing where they want to take a vacation. Before one finishes his/her sentence, the other one is interjecting a thought about a different place or elaborating on what the other one just said. In addition, their facial expressions convey how each feels about the other one's suggestions; and this propels another suggestion. This exchange between this couple illustrates that communication:

A) can occur almost simultaneously.
B) occurs sequentially in a step-by-step fashion.
C) is more nonverbal than verbal.
D) is more verbal than nonverbal.

Question 20

The environment in which messages are sent and received is known as the:

A) phenomenological field.
B) milieu.
C) context.
D) denotative background.

Question 21

Josh will be marketing his new candy bar in several international markets. The candy bar will be called a different name in each of the countries so that the candy bar will appeal to the consumers in each of the countries. In communicating with people in different nations about his product, Josh is paying careful attention to the sociocultural dimension of:

A) theme.
B) context.
C) power.
D) marketing.

Question 22

A transactional process that occurs over time between at least two individuals and involves both verbal and nonverbal messages is called:

A) interpersonal communication.
B) listening.
C) paralanguage.
D) metacommunication.

Question 23

The objective meaning of words is called ___________, while the subjective meaning of words is known as ___________.

A) secondary elaboration; primary elaboration
B) primary elaboration; secondary elaboration
C) connotation; denotation
D) denotation; connotation

Question 24

The more concrete our messages and the words we choose, the more the meaning is likely to be:

A) connotative.
B) denotative.
C) confused.
D) forgotten.

Question 25

For some teachers, a "good student" is one who comes to class everyday and pays attention. For other teachers, a "good student"tries hard on all assignments, while still other teachers would say that a "good student"makes A's on all of their tests and assignments. Thus, the meaning of a "good student" is:

A) connotative.
B) denotative.
C) objective.
D) consistent.

Question 26

The meaning of the words "gallon, quart, and pint" would be:

A) connotative.
B) denotative.
C) subjective.
D) misunderstood.

Question 27

Messages are conveyed more effectively when spoken in:

A) a simple rather than a complex way.
B) a concrete rather than an abstract way.
C) a specific rather than a general way.
D) all of the above ways.

Question 28

When professors explain Piaget's cognitive stage theory, they could convey these ideas MOST effectively if they would:

A) explain how complex and abstract Piaget's theory and terminology are.
B) explain Piaget's theory in the most general way possible.
C) use appropriate real-life examples to illustrate parts of the theory.
D) repeat the definition of the terms and ideas several times to aid retention.

Question 29

As the use of abstract words in our messages increases, communication breakdowns and misunderstandings:

A) remain stable.
B) significantly decrease.
C) increase.
D) slightly decrease.

Question 30

A good speaker will tend to:

A) use verbal and nonverbal messages consistently.
B) use technical and obscure words.
C) look up and away from the listener frequently.
D) use catchy jargon.

Question 31

Matt is giving a speech about being open and accessible to one's students. Which of the following would NOT be a good suggestion to improve his speech?

A) Matt needs to make sure that his nonverbal body language matches his verbal speech about being open.
B) Matt needs to use specific real-life examples to which the audience can relate.
C) Matt needs to use jargon that the audience will find catchy or charming.
D) Matt needs to make sure the message is simple and concrete.

Question 32

___________ is a physiological sensory process, while _________ involves the psychological process of interpreting.

A) Listening; hearing
B) Hearing; listening
C) Audition; hearing
D) Listening; speaking

Question 33

Which of the following strategies would NOT help one to become a better listener?

A) Talk less.
B) Lean back in your chair in a relaxed manner.
C) Periodically, make a summative reflection of the speaker's main themes.
D) Maintain eye contact with the speaker.

Question 34

A strategy in which the listener restates the feelings or content of the speaker's message in a way that indicates acceptance and understanding is known as:

A) reflective listening.
B) self-disclosure.
C) paralleling.
D) behavior matching.

Question 35

Carl Rogers described ___________ listeners as individuals who are genuine in revealing their own feelings; accepting of others' feelings; and empathetic, sensitive, and reflective as listeners.

A) conditional
B) paralanguage
C) growth-promoting
D) self-actualized

Question 36

Based upon your knowledge of effective listening skills, consider the following scenario: Dennis says to Phoebe, "When you reflect back to me what I just said to you, I:

A) think you're being rude."
B) think you want to interrupt me."
C) get the feeling that you understand what I've just said."
D) get the feeling that you're bored with our conversation."

Question 37

Lee Ann is telling her boyfriend Jeff about her frustrations of deciding on a major in college. After listening to her for several minutes, Jeff says, "I've been thinking about what you have said. Let me see if the following is what you mean…." Jeff is trying to:

A) get Lee Ann to stop talking.
B) get Lee Ann to stop feeling sorry for herself.
C) synthesize the themes he is hearing.
D) give her conditional positive regard.

Question 38

Good listeners:

A) paraphrase the speaker's own words when giving feedback.
B) do not give quick feedback to the speaker, but wait until the speaker asks for the feedback..
C) do not give totally honest feedback if they think that the feedback would hurt the person.
D) exhibit all of the above.

Question 39

____________ is the communication of intimate details about ourselves, which are important to us but which we are not willing to share with just anyone.

A) Decoding
B) Self-disclosure
C) Catharsis
D) Self-debasement

Question 40

Grant is reluctant to share intimate details of his life with Doreen. Doreen complains that he is afraid to:

A) decode.
B) be cathartic.
C) generative.
D) self-disclose.

Question 41

The ___________ is a model of self-disclosure that helps us understand the proportion of information about ourselves that we and others are aware of.

A) attribution theory
B) Johari Window
C) Java Model
D) Peterson Window

Question 42

The open self, the hidden self, the blind self, and the unknown self are the four basic areas of the:

A) Johari Window.
B) Possible Selves theory.
C) Transactional Analysis states.
D) Kinesics Model.

Question 43

According to the Johari Window model, the ______ self reflects information about you that is known to you and to others.

A) real
B) open
C) blind
D) ideal

Question 44

When Dr. Windham introduces herself to her audience, she tells them her name and the name of the college she teaches at and where the college is located. According to the Johari Window model, Dr. Windham is revealing aspects of her:

A) open self.
B) blind self.
C) unknown self.
D) hidden self.

Question 45

According to the Johari Window model, the ______ self reflects information that you are aware of but have not shared with others because of shame or embarrassment.

A) blind
B) open
C) hidden
D) unknown

Question 46

Renee told Kristy that she had cheated on the psychology test. Renee self-disclosed aspects of her:

A) hidden self.
B) alterself.
C) unknown self.
D) blind self.

Question 47

Although Patrick is in medical school, he shares with his best friend his long-time fantasy of being a "rock star." Patrick revealed to his best friend his:

A) unknown self.
B) creative self.
C) hidden self.
D) blind self.

Question 48

According to the Johari Window model, the ______ self reflects information that others know about you but that you do not.

A) blind
B) open
C) hidden
D) unknown

Question 49

Although Peter is unaware of his narcissism, everyone who has ever met him is soon aware of this aspect of Peter's personality. According to the Johari Window model, Peter's narcissism would be a part of his:

A) open self.
B) hidden self.
C) blind self.
D) unknown self.

Question 50

According to the Johari Window model, the ______ self includes information that no one, not you or anyone else, knows about you.

A) blind
B) open
C) hidden
D) unknown

Question 51

When his mother became seriously ill, three-year-old Frankie dialed 911 and was able to summon help for his mother and save her life. Before the situation arose, no one, not even Frankie, knew that Frankie could deal with an emergency. This situation reflects the _____ self, according to Johari Window model.

A) blind
B) unknown
C) hidden
D) open

Question 52

Risky self-disclosure is MOST likely to occur when the:

A) relationship is just developing.
B) relationship is deep and intimate.
C) speaker is male.
D) person is trying to reveal their unknown self.

Question 53

Risky self-disclosures:

A) give away power.
B) leave us vulnerable.
C) bring us strength and protection.
D) do all of the above.

Question 54

A requirement for self-disclosing information about ourselves is that we must _______ the listener.

A) know all about
B) trust
C) love
D) understand

Question 55

According to your textbook, self-disclosure involves risks. Some of these risks include:

A) indifference.
B) betrayal.
C) loss of control.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

Cindy told Deborah that she had a crush on her tennis coach and not to "tell a soul." Later Deborah divulged this information to other members of the tennis team. Cindy risked self-disclosure and received:

A) rejection.
B) betrayal.
C) a loss of control.
D) all of the above.

Question 57

On his first date with Marian, Arnold disclosed to her about his childhood that was filled with poverty, abuse, and a great deal of heartache. This type of self-disclosure by Arnold will probably:

A) lead to self-disclosure from Marian.
B) deepen their relationship.
C) scare Marian away.
D) not increase or decrease the intensity of their relationship.

Question 58

Underdisclosers tend to _________; overdisclosers tend to ___________.

A) bore people; bore people
B) scare people off; scare people off
C) bore people; scare people off
D) scare people off; bore people

Question 59

Researchers have found that ___________ will facilitate a relationship.

A) self-disclosure at the earliest time within a relationship
B) a moderate amount of intimate disclosures
C) overdisclosure
D) underdisclosure

Question 60

Researchers have found that ___________ damages a relationship.

A) self-disclosure too early in a relationship
B) overdisclosure
C) underdisclosure
D) any of the above

Question 61

If you were giving someone advice about how to disclose more about himself to his new girlfriend, which of the following would you include in your advice?

A) It is better to overdisclose than to underdisclose.
B) Try here-and-now communication about how you are feeling right now.
C) Wait for the female to self-disclose first or else she will be scared off from the relationship.
D) All of the above should be included in your advice.

Question 62

Dr. Barlow looked irritated when a student asked him to go over a certain topic on the study guide that he had overlooked. Dr. Barlow immediately said that he had indeed gone over that topic and even if he hadn't it was so simple that anyone who had read the chapter should be able to understand it. Dr. Barlow appears to deal with conflict by using which communication style?

A) aggressive
B) assertive
C) manipulative
D) passive

Question 63

People who use a(n) ____________ communication style try to get what they want from others by making other people feel sorry for them or feel guilty.

A) aggressive
B) assertive
C) manipulative
D) passive

Question 64

When Janine told her grandmother that she would not be able to go to the family reunion because she had to study for the two major exams she would have on Monday, her grandmother told her that she was sorry that her studies were more important to her than her family and that she would be the only one of her grandchildren who would not be there. Janine's grandmother is exhibiting a(n)___________ communication style.

A) passive
B) manipulative
C) assertive
D) aggressive

Question 65

Maggie has all of her research for her term paper spread out over the dining table and is working diligently to try to finish this assignment. However, every five minutes, Maggie's husband or one of her three children asks her where to find things, to fix them snacks, etc. With each request, Maggie sighs and then gets up from her work and fulfills the request. In two hours, she has made little progress on her term paper. Maggie's style of communication would be described as:

A) passive.
B) assertive.
C) manipulative.
D) nurturing.

Question 66

In which communication style do individuals act in their own best interests, stand up for their legitimate rights, and express their views directly and openly?

A) passive
B) assertive
C) aggressive
D) manipulative

Question 67

You are involved in a minor car accident in which neither you nor the driver of the other car has been hurt and the damage to both cars is minimal. The other driver gets out of her car and begins berating you for being so "careless and stupid." You reply, "I know that this is an upsetting situation, but we need to call a police officer so he can record this accident. Then, we can exchange information about our car insurances, so we can get on our way and also get our cars fixed." Unlike the driver, you exhibited a(n)
___________ communication style.

A) passive
B) aggressive
C) manipulative
D) assertive

Question 68

Of the four communication styles for dealing with conflict, being _________ is clearly the best choice for both men and women.

A) passive
B) assertive
C) aggressive
D) manipulative

Question 69

In most cultures in the past, women were likely to be socialized to be too _________ and men to be too
__________.

A) passive; aggressive
B) manipulative; aggressive
C) assertive; manipulative
D) passive; manipulative

Question 70

If you want to become more assertive, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) immediately judge and blame the other person.
B) ask for what you want in a frank, candid manner.
C) go over the problem as clearly as possible in a calm manner.
D) examine your rights in the particular situation.

Question 71

Concerning gender differences in communication, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A) Lack of communication is high on women's lists of reasons to divorce.
B) Men talk to men longer on the phone than women do.
C) If the gender of the e-mail writer is unknown, a majority of people would be unable to guess the gender of the e-mail writer.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 72

Women prefer to engage in ________ talk; men prefer to engage in ________ talk.

A) report; rapport
B) rapport; report
C) simplistic; figurative
D) concrete; symbolic

Question 73

____________ is conversation aimed at establishing connections and negotiating relationships.

A) Rapport talk
B) Report talk
C) Emotional talk
D) Nurturance

Question 74

____________ is talk that is designed to give information, such as public speaking.

A) Rapport talk
B) Report talk
C) Subjective talk
D) Rhetorical speech

Question 75

Females see self-disclosure as:

A) a losing of control.
B) unnecessary.
C) an important way to improve relationships.
D) something to avoid in same-sex interactions.

Question 76

Men are more reluctant to self-disclose because:

A) they associate self-disclosure with loss of control.
B) their peer/friendships emphasize competition and challenge.
C) they avoid revealing weaknesses.
D) of all of the above.

Question 77

Concerning gender and number of conversation interruptions,

A) Men tend to interrupt more than women do.
B) Women tend to interrupt more than men do.
C) There is no difference in rates of men and women in interrupting conversations.
D) Only in conversations with strangers do women interrupt more than men.

Question 78

Name-calling, criticizing, and labeling are all examples of which barrier to effective verbal communication?

A) attribution
B) proposing solutions
C) avoiding the other's concern
D) judging

Question 79

When Julie told Carla that she thought that Carla's recent behavior was self-centered and mean, Julie's error would fall under which barrier to effective communication?

A) attribution
B) judging
C) avoiding the other's concern
D) proposing solutions

Question 80

Clanton told his wife that she always spends too much money when she goes shopping, and that he wished she would learn to be more careful with his money. Clanton's _________ will be a barrier to effective communication between this husband and wife.

A) judging
B) avoiding the other's concern
C) proposing solutions
D) stereotyping