Deck 7: How Individuals, Environments, and Health Behaviors Interact: Social Cognitive Theory

Question 1

Which of the following does NOT influence the formation of self-efficacy?

A) Emotional arousal
B) Vicarious experience
C) Social persuasion
D) Stimulus-response
E) Previous mastery experience

Answer 1

Stimulus-response

Question 2

Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the concept of ________ in the interaction between people and their environments.

A) Perceived risk
B) Stages of change
C) Perceived benefit
D) Deductive reasoning
E) Reciprocal determinism

Answer 2

Reciprocal determinism

Question 3

According to the Social Cognitive Theory, what three areas interact to influence human behavior?

A) Behavior, environment, person
B) Personal, genetic, cultural
C) Attitudes, cognitions, and intentions
D) Environmental, familial, personal
E) All of the above

Answer 3

Behavior, environment, person

Question 4

The following processes promote observational learning:

A) Attention and retention
B) Instrumental attitude and control beliefs
C) Production and motivation
D) A & C
E) All of the above

Question 5

Proving someone with walking shoes so that they may engage in regular physical activity is an example of _________________ support:

A) Emotional
B) Esteem
C) Instrumental
D) Informational
E) None of the above

Question 6

High crime rates and a lack of sidewalks are examples of:

A) Environmental barriers
B) Instrumental support
C) Cognitive barriers
D) Opportunities
E) Observational learning

Question 7

What are the two cognitive sources of motivation that influence behavioral intention in Social Cognitive Theory?

A) Reinforcement and punishment
B) Forethought and goal setting
C) Social environment and self-efficacy
D) Outcome expectancy and collective efficacy
E) Instrumental and informational support

Question 8

Select the example that best demonstrates the principle of observational learning:

A) An employee begins biking to work after the cost of riding the train increases
B) A woman joins a gym to promote weight loss
C) A student selects a healthy snack after seeing another student being praised by the teacher for eating a healthy snack
D) After reading about the harmful health effects of cigarettes, a smoker sets an intention to quit smoking
E) A teenager improves her grades to avoid punishment from her parents

Question 9

According to the Social Cognitive Theory, which of the following does NOT influence behavioral skills acquisition?

A) Self-reward
B) Self-critique
C) Goal setting
D) Feedback
E) Outcome expectations

Question 10

The CATCH study:

A) Successfully modified short-term student behaviors related to food and physical activity, but found no effect in the three-year follow-up
B) Modified health behaviors in high-income students, but had no effect among low-income students
C) Successfully modified both short and long-term student behaviors related to food and physical activity
D) Did not include changes to the social environment
E) B and D

Question 11

Collective self-efficacy refers to a person's expectation of the consequences of taking action.

Question 12

According to Social Cognitive Theory, increased knowledge is typically sufficient to produce behavior change.

Question 13

Social environmental factors refer to aspects of the physical or perceived environment that promote, permit, or discourage engagement in a particular behavior.

Question 14

Stimulus-response learning is the main underpinning of Social Cognitive Theory.

Question 15

Research demonstrates that people pay more attention to role models who are dissimilar in terms of age, social class, and culture.

Question 16

Most individuals overestimate the prevalence of undesirable behaviors among their peers.

Question 17

Short-term specific intentions are strong predictors of future behavior.

Question 18

Social Cognitive Theory posits that outcome expectations are primarily developed through repeated pairings with reinforcements.

Question 19

Reciprocal determinism refers to the interaction of the social environment, cognitive factors, and behaviors.

Question 20

Behavioral capability is determined by knowledge and skills.

Question 21

What constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory would you use to develop an intervention to increase the number of people receiving an annual flu shot at your university (or workplace)?

Question 22

How might you target behavioral skills to promote healthy food choices in college students? Be specific about how you would increase both knowledge and skills in the target population.